有衬砌隧道设计计算探讨——隧道稳定性分析讲座之三
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摘要
利用有限元强度折减法结合基于有限差分原理的FLAC软件,探讨了隧道设计计算过程中初衬和二衬的计算问题以及隧道开挖的应力释放问题,并以黄土隧道为例探讨研究不同应力释放率以及不同初衬和二衬厚度情况下隧道的受力特征,计算围岩安全系数以及二衬安全系数,得出了以下结果:一是利用FLAC软件计算中的不平衡力来控制隧道开挖过程的应力释放是合适的与可行的;二是初衬作为隧道围岩的加固圈将承受较大荷载和产生较大的变形,初衬必将进入弹塑性状态;二衬作为隧道的强度储备或者承受不大的荷载,二衬视作弹性杆件可按结构力学的方法确定安全系数;三是如果初衬后围岩安全系数大于1.30,可以认为围岩和初衬都是稳定的,二衬作为安全储备;如果围岩安全系数在1.30～1.15之间或围岩为粘弹塑性材料时,表明二衬将承受一定荷载;如果初衬后围岩的安全系数小于1.15～1.20,则认为初衬不足,不能保证施工安全。最后建议对二衬后的围岩安全系数取1.3,二衬结构安全系数对无抗裂要求的混凝土衬砌取1.4,钢筋混凝土衬砌取1.35。两者综合的安全系数大约在1.8左右以供参考。
Combining the method of finite element strength reduction with FLAC software,this paper researches the problems of calculation of the initial lining and the secondary lining and the stress release during the tunnel design and calculation process,and the force characteristics of a tunnel in the case of different stresses release rates and different initial and secondary lining thickness by taking the example of a loess tunnel.After calculating the safety factors of surrounding rock and secondary lining,this paper draws the following conclusions: Firstly,with the use of the unbalanced force in FLAC software to control the stress release during the tunnel excavation process is practicable and in line of reality;Secondly,the initial lining as the reinforcement ring of surrounding rock will bear a greater load and have a greater deformation,so the initial lining will enter the plastic state,and for the secondary lining as a strength reserve of the whole tunnel or to bear a little load.If the secondary lining is taken as a flexible rod the method of structural mechanics may be used to determine the safety factor;Thirdly,if the safety factor of surrounding rock is greater than 1.30 after initial lining,it can be considered that the surrounding rock and the initial lining are stable,taking secondary lining as a safety reserve;and if the safety factor is less than 1.30,it shows that the secondary lining should be made to withstand a certain load;and if the safety factor is less than 1.15~1.20,it is concerned that the initial lining is not enough to ensure construction safety.Finally,it is recommended that the safety factor of the surrounding is taken as 1.3 after the secondary lining,and structural safety factor of the secondary lining without requirement on crack-free concrete lining is taken as 1.4,and for reinforced concrete lining 1.35.As a reference,the integrated safety factor for these two is 1.8 or so.
Combining the method of finite element strength reduction with FLAC software,this paper researches the problems of calculation of the initial lining and the secondary lining and the stress release during the tunnel design and calculation process,and the force characteristics of a tunnel in the case of different stresses release rates and different initial and secondary lining thickness by taking the example of a loess tunnel.After calculating the safety factors of surrounding rock and secondary lining,this paper draws the following conclusions: Firstly,with the use of the unbalanced force in FLAC software to control the stress release during the tunnel excavation process is practicable and in line of reality;Secondly,the initial lining as the reinforcement ring of surrounding rock will bear a greater load and have a greater deformation,so the initial lining will enter the plastic state,and for the secondary lining as a strength reserve of the whole tunnel or to bear a little load.If the secondary lining is taken as a flexible rod the method of structural mechanics may be used to determine the safety factor;Thirdly,if the safety factor of surrounding rock is greater than 1.30 after initial lining,it can be considered that the surrounding rock and the initial lining are stable,taking secondary lining as a safety reserve;and if the safety factor is less than 1.30,it shows that the secondary lining should be made to withstand a certain load;and if the safety factor is less than 1.15~1.20,it is concerned that the initial lining is not enough to ensure construction safety.Finally,it is recommended that the safety factor of the surrounding is taken as 1.3 after the secondary lining,and structural safety factor of the secondary lining without requirement on crack-free concrete lining is taken as 1.4,and for reinforced concrete lining 1.35.As a reference,the integrated safety factor for these two is 1.8 or so.
引文
[1]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓楚键,等.有限元极限分析法发展及其在岩土工程中的应用[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(12):39-61.(Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi,DengChujian,et al.Development of finite element limit anal-ysis method and its applications to geotechnical engi-neering[J].Engineering Science,2006,8(12):39-61.(in Chinese))
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[6]郑颖人,胡文清,王敬林.强度折减有限元法及其在隧道与地下洞室工程中的应用[C]//中国土木工程学会第十一届、隧道及地下工程分会第十三届年会论文集.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2004:239-243.(ZhengYingren,Hu Wenqing,Wang Jinlin.Strength reductionFEM and its applications to tunnel and underground en-gineering[C]//Symposium of the 11th Annual Meetingof China Civil Engineering Society and the 13th AnnualMeeting of Tunnel and Underground Branch.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2004:239-243.(in Chinese))
[7]郑颖人,邱陈瑜,张红,等.关于土体隧道围岩稳定性分析方法的探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(10):254-260.(Zheng Yingren,Qiu Chenyu,ZhangHong,et al.Exploration of stability analysis methods ofsurrounding rocks in soil tunnel[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(10):254-260.(in Chinese))
[8]郑颖人,邱陈瑜,宋雅坤,等.土质隧道围岩稳定性分析与设计计算方法探讨[J].后勤工程学院学报,2009,25(10):1-9.(Zheng Yingren,Qiu Chenyu,SongYakun,et al.Exploration of stability analysis and designcalculation methods of surrounding rocks in soil tunnel[J].Journal of Logistical Engineering University,2009,25(10):1-9.(in Chinese))
[9]郑颖人,邱陈瑜,宋雅坤.采用ANSYS软件讨论无衬砌黄土隧道安全系数[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(2):291-296.(Zheng Yingren,Qiu Chenyu,Song Yakun.Exploring of safety factors of unlined loesstunnel by ANSYS[J].Chinese Journal of UndergroundSpace and Engineering,2009,5(2):291-296.(in Chi-nese))
[10]郑颖人,肖强,叶海林,等.地震隧道稳定性分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(6):1081-1 088.(Zheng Yingren,Xiao Qiang,Ye Hailin,et al.Study of tunnel stability analysis with seismic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(6):1 081-1 088.(in Chinese))
[11]段文峰,王蕾笑,廖雄华.岩土工程施工力学问题数值模拟方法探讨[J].吉林建筑工程学院学报,2003,20(2):16-22.(Duan Wenfeng,Wang Leixiao,LiaoXionghua.Discussions about problems of constructionmechanics in geotechnical engineering and its numericalsimulation approaches[J].Journal of Jilin Architecturaland Civil Engineering Institute,2003,20(2):16-22.(inChinese))
[12]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.Fast Lagrangian analysisof continua in three dimensions(version 3.0),user’smanual[R].[S.l.]:Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.,2003.
[13]中华人民共和国交通部.公路隧道设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.(Ministry of Communica-tions of the People’s Republic of China.Code for de-sign of road tunnel[S].Beijing:China CommunicationsPress,2004.(in Chinese))
[14]中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路隧道设计规范[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005.(Ministry of Railways ofthe People’s Republic of China.Code for design ontunnel of railway[S].Beijing:China Railroad Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[2]郑颖人,陈祖煜,王恭先,等.边坡与滑坡工程治理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.(Zheng Yingren,Chen Zuyu,Wang Gongxian,et al.Engineering treat-ment of slope and landslide[M].Beijing:China Commu-nications Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[3]胡文清,郑颖人,钟昌云.木寨岭隧道软弱围岩段施工方法及数值分析[J].地下空间,2004,24(2):194-197.(Hu Wenqing,Zheng Yingren,Zhong Changyun.Construction method and numerical analysis of soft rocksection of Muzailin tunnel[J].Underground Space,2004,24(2):194-197.(in Chinese))
[4]郑颖人,徐浩,王成,等.隧道破坏机理及深浅埋分界标准[J].浙江大学学报,2010,44(10):1851-1 856.(Zheng Yingren,Xu Hao,Wang Cheng,et al.Failure mechanism of tunnel and dividing line standardbetween shallow and deep bury[J].Journal of ZhejiangUniversity(Engineering Science),2010,44(10):1 851-1 856.(in Chinese))
[5]张黎明,郑颖人,王在泉,等.有限元强度折减法在公路隧道中的应用探讨[J].岩土力学,2007,28(1):97-101.(Zhang Liming,Zheng Yingren,Wang Zaiquan,et al.Application of strength reduction finite limit meth-od to road tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(1):97-101.(in Chinese))
[6]郑颖人,胡文清,王敬林.强度折减有限元法及其在隧道与地下洞室工程中的应用[C]//中国土木工程学会第十一届、隧道及地下工程分会第十三届年会论文集.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2004:239-243.(ZhengYingren,Hu Wenqing,Wang Jinlin.Strength reductionFEM and its applications to tunnel and underground en-gineering[C]//Symposium of the 11th Annual Meetingof China Civil Engineering Society and the 13th AnnualMeeting of Tunnel and Underground Branch.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2004:239-243.(in Chinese))
[7]郑颖人,邱陈瑜,张红,等.关于土体隧道围岩稳定性分析方法的探索[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(10):254-260.(Zheng Yingren,Qiu Chenyu,ZhangHong,et al.Exploration of stability analysis methods ofsurrounding rocks in soil tunnel[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(10):254-260.(in Chinese))
[8]郑颖人,邱陈瑜,宋雅坤,等.土质隧道围岩稳定性分析与设计计算方法探讨[J].后勤工程学院学报,2009,25(10):1-9.(Zheng Yingren,Qiu Chenyu,SongYakun,et al.Exploration of stability analysis and designcalculation methods of surrounding rocks in soil tunnel[J].Journal of Logistical Engineering University,2009,25(10):1-9.(in Chinese))
[9]郑颖人,邱陈瑜,宋雅坤.采用ANSYS软件讨论无衬砌黄土隧道安全系数[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(2):291-296.(Zheng Yingren,Qiu Chenyu,Song Yakun.Exploring of safety factors of unlined loesstunnel by ANSYS[J].Chinese Journal of UndergroundSpace and Engineering,2009,5(2):291-296.(in Chi-nese))
[10]郑颖人,肖强,叶海林,等.地震隧道稳定性分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(6):1081-1 088.(Zheng Yingren,Xiao Qiang,Ye Hailin,et al.Study of tunnel stability analysis with seismic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(6):1 081-1 088.(in Chinese))
[11]段文峰,王蕾笑,廖雄华.岩土工程施工力学问题数值模拟方法探讨[J].吉林建筑工程学院学报,2003,20(2):16-22.(Duan Wenfeng,Wang Leixiao,LiaoXionghua.Discussions about problems of constructionmechanics in geotechnical engineering and its numericalsimulation approaches[J].Journal of Jilin Architecturaland Civil Engineering Institute,2003,20(2):16-22.(inChinese))
[12]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.Fast Lagrangian analysisof continua in three dimensions(version 3.0),user’smanual[R].[S.l.]:Itasca Consulting Group,Inc.,2003.
[13]中华人民共和国交通部.公路隧道设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.(Ministry of Communica-tions of the People’s Republic of China.Code for de-sign of road tunnel[S].Beijing:China CommunicationsPress,2004.(in Chinese))
[14]中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路隧道设计规范[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005.(Ministry of Railways ofthe People’s Republic of China.Code for design ontunnel of railway[S].Beijing:China Railroad Press,2005.(in Chinese))
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