云南腾冲膨胀性硅藻土的发现及其工程地质意义
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摘要
结合在建的云南保山—腾冲高速公路沿线及周边地区典型地质剖面观测和多种室内试验手段测试,揭示了腾冲芒棒盆地的硅藻土是以硅藻为主、富含黏土矿物的黏土质硅藻土,属于一种轻质强膨胀性极软岩。其具有典型硅藻土与膨胀性黏土岩双重物理和水理性质,前者表现为极高的孔隙性、高吸水性、极强的结构性;后者则表现为高塑性、显著的膨胀崩解性,而且膨胀崩解特性的显现与有机质含量密切相关。腾冲芒棒盆地膨胀性硅藻土的发现及其工程地质特性的研究,有助于加深对保山-腾冲高速公路沿线地质灾害形成机理的认识,对揭示中国西南地区某些湖相地层工程特性及地质灾害多发原因也具有重要的启示意义。
This paper was based on the field investigation of the typical geological sections and multiple methods of laboratory tests on the samples from the slopes along the Baoshan-Tengchong highway and adjacent area in Yunnan Province.It discovered a swelling clayey diatomite in the Neogene lacustrine strata,named Mangbang formation,at Tengchong area Yunnan Province.The clayey diatomite is belonging to a type of both light and strong swelling rock,which has double physical-hydraulic properties of both typical diatomite and swelling clay rock.The former include high porosity,high water absorption capacity,and very strong structure,the later include high plasticity,outstanding swelling and disintegration properties,and the appearance of swelling property mainly connected with the contents of organic matter.The discovery of the swelling clayey diatomite in Mangbang Basin,as well as the researches on its engineering properties,is not only instructive for realization of the mechanism of related geo-hazards along the Baoshan-Tengchong high way,but also helpful to understanding the engineering properties of some lacustrine deposits and their easily causing geo-hazards in southwestern China.
This paper was based on the field investigation of the typical geological sections and multiple methods of laboratory tests on the samples from the slopes along the Baoshan-Tengchong highway and adjacent area in Yunnan Province.It discovered a swelling clayey diatomite in the Neogene lacustrine strata,named Mangbang formation,at Tengchong area Yunnan Province.The clayey diatomite is belonging to a type of both light and strong swelling rock,which has double physical-hydraulic properties of both typical diatomite and swelling clay rock.The former include high porosity,high water absorption capacity,and very strong structure,the later include high plasticity,outstanding swelling and disintegration properties,and the appearance of swelling property mainly connected with the contents of organic matter.The discovery of the swelling clayey diatomite in Mangbang Basin,as well as the researches on its engineering properties,is not only instructive for realization of the mechanism of related geo-hazards along the Baoshan-Tengchong high way,but also helpful to understanding the engineering properties of some lacustrine deposits and their easily causing geo-hazards in southwestern China.
引文
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[12]谷白湮,周义平.云南省寻甸先锋盆地中新世褐煤与硅藻土沉积特征[J].地质评论,1994,40(5):466～475.Gu Baiyan,Zhou Yiping.The sedimentary characteristics of theMiocene lignite and diatomite in Xianfeng Basin,Xundian,Yun-nan.Geological Review,1994,40(5):466～475.
[13]张永双,曲永新,周瑞光.南水北调中线工程上第三系膨胀性硬黏土的工程地质特性研究[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(4):367～377.Zhang Yongshuang,Qu Yongxin,Zhou Ruiguang.Engineering ge-ological properties of Neogene hard clay along the middle line ofthe north～south diversion water project in China.Journal of En-gineering Geology,2002,10(4):367～377.
[14]曲永新,吴芝兰.渡口市的昔格达层滑坡及其地质灾害[C].地面岩体工程加固新进展[M].北京:中国科技出版社,1992,p22～26.Qu Yongxin,Wu Zhilan.Landslide related with the Xigeda For-mation and its geological disaster in Dukou city.In:NewAdvances on Ground Rock Reinforcement.Beijing:China Scienceand Technology Publishing House,1992,p22～26.
[15]曲永新,于锁龙.渡口市的膨胀土[C].中国首届膨胀土科学研讨会论文集[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1990,p99～111.Qu Yongxin,Yu Suolong.Expansive soil from Dukou city.in:Proceeding of China's First Scientific Symposium on ExpansiveSoil.Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1990,p99～111.
[16]Yoshinaka R.Mechanical properties for sedimentary soft-rocks.Tokyo:Edited by Committee of Sedimentary Soft Rocks inGeotechnical Engineering,Japanese Society of Soil Mechanicaland Foundation Engineering,1987,69～116.
[17]胡瑞林,官国琳,李向全.黄土湿陷性的微结构效应.工程地质学报,1999,7(2):161～167.Hu,Ruilin,Guan Guolin,Li Xiangquan.Microstructure effect onthe subsidnce of loess.Journal of Engineering Geology,1999,7(2):161～167.
[2]田煦,周开灿,文化川.非金属矿产地质学[M].武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,1989,p326～335.Tian Xu,Zhou Kaican,Wen Huachuan.Geology of NonmetallicMineral Resources.Wuhan:Wuhan Institute of Industry Press,1989,p326～335.
[3]崔越昭.中国非金属矿业[M].北京:地质出版社,2008,p138～142.Cui Yuechao.China Non-metallic Industry.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,2008,138～142.
[4]Day RB.Engineering properties of diatomaceous fill.Journal ofGeotechnical Engineers Division,American Society of Civil Engi-neers,1995,121(12):908～910.
[5]Tateishi Y.Geotechnical properies of diatom earth and stability ofsurface layer for the cut slope.Doctoral Thesis,SagaUniversity,1997.
[6]胡书毅,文玲.山东临朐第三纪硅藻土的微观特征[J].电子显微学报,2005,24(4):319～319.Hu Shuyi,Wen Ling.Microcosmic characteristic of diatomite of ter-tiary for Linqu,Shandong.Journal of Chinese Electron MicroscopySociety,2005,24(4):319～319.
[7]洪振舜,立石义孝,邓永锋.天然硅藻土的应力水平与孔隙空间分布的关系[J].岩土力学,2004,25(7):1023～1026.Hong Zhenshun,Tateishi Yoshitaka,Deng Yongfeng.Relationshipbetween entrance pore distribution and stress level of natural sedi-mentary diatomaceous soil.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(7):1023～1026.
[8]高华喜,殷坤龙,周春梅.硅藻土滑坡稳定性分析及其时间预报[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2007,37(1):127～130.Gao Huaxi,Yin Kunlong,Zhou Chunmei.Diatomite landslides sta-bility analysis and time forecast.Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),2007,37(1):127～130.
[9]Commission on Swelling Rock,ISRM.Characterization of SwellingRock,1983.
[10]曲永新,张永双,杨俊峰,等.中国膨胀性岩、土一体化工程地质分类的理论与实践[C].中国工程地质五十年[M].北京:地震出版社,2000,140～164.Qu Yongxin,Zhang Yongshuang,Yang Junfeng,et al.Theory andpractice on engineering geological classification of swelling rockand soil in China.In:50 Years of Engineering Geology in China.Beijing:Seismologic Press,2000,p140～164.
[11]尚映莲.腾冲硅藻土矿床及其成因[J].云南地质,2003,22(4):418～425.Shang Yinglian.Tengchong diatomite deposit and its genesis.Yunnan Geology,2003,22(4):418～425.
[12]谷白湮,周义平.云南省寻甸先锋盆地中新世褐煤与硅藻土沉积特征[J].地质评论,1994,40(5):466～475.Gu Baiyan,Zhou Yiping.The sedimentary characteristics of theMiocene lignite and diatomite in Xianfeng Basin,Xundian,Yun-nan.Geological Review,1994,40(5):466～475.
[13]张永双,曲永新,周瑞光.南水北调中线工程上第三系膨胀性硬黏土的工程地质特性研究[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(4):367～377.Zhang Yongshuang,Qu Yongxin,Zhou Ruiguang.Engineering ge-ological properties of Neogene hard clay along the middle line ofthe north～south diversion water project in China.Journal of En-gineering Geology,2002,10(4):367～377.
[14]曲永新,吴芝兰.渡口市的昔格达层滑坡及其地质灾害[C].地面岩体工程加固新进展[M].北京:中国科技出版社,1992,p22～26.Qu Yongxin,Wu Zhilan.Landslide related with the Xigeda For-mation and its geological disaster in Dukou city.In:NewAdvances on Ground Rock Reinforcement.Beijing:China Scienceand Technology Publishing House,1992,p22～26.
[15]曲永新,于锁龙.渡口市的膨胀土[C].中国首届膨胀土科学研讨会论文集[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1990,p99～111.Qu Yongxin,Yu Suolong.Expansive soil from Dukou city.in:Proceeding of China's First Scientific Symposium on ExpansiveSoil.Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1990,p99～111.
[16]Yoshinaka R.Mechanical properties for sedimentary soft-rocks.Tokyo:Edited by Committee of Sedimentary Soft Rocks inGeotechnical Engineering,Japanese Society of Soil Mechanicaland Foundation Engineering,1987,69～116.
[17]胡瑞林,官国琳,李向全.黄土湿陷性的微结构效应.工程地质学报,1999,7(2):161～167.Hu,Ruilin,Guan Guolin,Li Xiangquan.Microstructure effect onthe subsidnce of loess.Journal of Engineering Geology,1999,7(2):161～167.
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