基于应变模态变化率的钢轨损伤检测
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摘要
为了准确、快速检测出钢轨中的损伤及其损伤位置和程度,提出了基于应变模态变化率的钢轨损伤检测方法。以五跨钢轨为例,通过数值仿真分析和实验室足尺模型测试表明:基于频率的变化可判断钢轨发生损伤,但无法确定损伤的位置及程度;基于应变模态的变化和基于应变模态变化率的变化可判断钢轨发生损伤、确定损伤的位置和程度;损伤程度对于损伤识别的影响较大,损伤程度越大,损伤单元的应变模态变化率就越大,钢轨的前两阶应变模态变化率可以确定损伤的发生、位置及损伤程度。
In order to quickly and accurately detect the rail damage and the position and extent of damage, a new rail damage detection method which is based on the rate of change of strain mode is put forward. Taking five cross rail as an example, through the numerical simulation analysis and laboratory model test, the results show that: Based on the frequency change, it can determine the rail damage occurs, but is unable to determine the location and extent of damage; based on strain modal changes,it can determine the rail damage, the location and extent of injury; based on strain modal changes in the rate of change, it can determine the rail damage, the location and extent of injury; injury severity influences damage identification greatly.Injury severity is greater, the rate of change of strain mode of the injuried element is bigger. The two order strain mode change rate of the rail can determine injury occurrence, damage location and damage degree.
In order to quickly and accurately detect the rail damage and the position and extent of damage, a new rail damage detection method which is based on the rate of change of strain mode is put forward. Taking five cross rail as an example, through the numerical simulation analysis and laboratory model test, the results show that: Based on the frequency change, it can determine the rail damage occurs, but is unable to determine the location and extent of damage; based on strain modal changes,it can determine the rail damage, the location and extent of injury; based on strain modal changes in the rate of change, it can determine the rail damage, the location and extent of injury; injury severity influences damage identification greatly.Injury severity is greater, the rate of change of strain mode of the injuried element is bigger. The two order strain mode change rate of the rail can determine injury occurrence, damage location and damage degree.
引文
[1]田铭兴,陈云峰,赵斌,等.实时断轨检测方法综述[J].兰州交通大学学报,2011(1):122-126.Tian Mingxing,Chen Yunfeng,Zhao Bin,et al.Re-view on real time broken rail detection methods[J].Journal of LanzhouJiaotong University,2011(1):122-126.(in Chinese)
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[8]Hearn G,Testa R B.Modal analysis for damage de-tection in structure[J].Engineering Structures,1991,117(11):3024-3063.
[9]高芳清,金建民,高淑英.基于模态分析的结构损伤检测方法研究[J].西南交通大学学报,1998,33(1):108-113.Gao Fangqing,Jin Jianming,Gao Shuying.Damagedetection in structures by modal analysis[J].Journalof Southwest Jiao Tong University,1998,33(1):108-113.(in Chinese)
[10]李功宇,郑华文.损伤结构的曲率模态分析[J].振动、测试与诊断,2002,22(2):136-141.Li Gongyu,Zheng Huawen.Studies on curvaturemodal analysis of damaged structures[J].Journal ofVibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2002,22(2):136-141.(in Chinese)
[11]徐士良.FORTRAN常用算法程序集[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,1997:7-25.
[12]许金余,张其顶,李海川.柱壳结构体系的损伤诊断[J].振动、测试与诊断,2008,28(1):1-4.Xu Jinyu,Zhang Qiding,Li Haichuan.Damage diag-nosis of the cylindrical shell structure system[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2008,28(1):1-4.(in Chinese)
[13]孙晓峰,王轲,施荣明.基于改变结构刚度模态试验的动力学模型修改[J].烟台大学学报:自然科学与工程版,2011,24(1):13-18.Sun Xiaofeng,Wang Ke,Shi Rongming.Dynamicalmodel updating based on modetests with changedstructure stiffness[J].Journal of Yantai University:Natural Science and Engineering Edition,2011,24(1):13-18.(in Chinese)
[14]王计生,喻俊馨,黄惟公.小波包分析和支持向量机在刀具故障诊断中的应用[J].振动、测试与诊断,2008,28(3):273-276.Wang Jisheng,Yu Junxin,Huang Weigong.Applica-tion of wavelet package analysis and support vectormachine to fault diagnosis of cutting tool[J].Journalof Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2008,28(3):273-276.(in Chinese)
[15]董晓马,张为公.应变传感器优化配置研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,11(27):1242-1244.Dong Xiaoma,Zhang Weigong.Investigation on opti-mal placement of strain sensor[J].Chinese Journal ofScientific Instrument,2006,11(27):1242-1244.(inChinese)
[16]Cha P D,Gu W.Model updating using an incompleteset of experimental modes[J].Journal of Sound andVibration,2000,233(4):587-600.
[17]袁爱民,戴航,孙大松.基于EI及MAC混合算法的斜拉桥传感器优化布置[J].振动、测试与诊断,2009,29(1):55-59.Yuan Aimin,Dai Hang,Sun Dasong.Optimal sensorplacement of cable-stayed bridge using mixed algo-rithm based on effective independence and modal as-surance criterion methods[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2009,29(1):55-59.(inChinese)
[18]周公博,朱真才,陈光柱.基于传感器网络的瓦斯传感器故障诊断[J].振动、测试与诊断,2010,30(1):23-27.Zhou Gongbo,Zhu Zhencai,Chen Guangzhu.Fault di-agnosisof gas sensor based on wireless sensor network[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2010,30(1):23-27.(in Chinese)
[2]张友鹏,任远.基于超声导波的实时钢轨断裂检测方法研究[J].铁道工程学报,2010(11):47-51.Zhang Youpeng,Ren Yuan.Research on real-time de-tection method for broken rail based on ultrasonicguided waves[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Soci-ety,2010(11):47-51.(in Chinese)
[3]徐丽,易伟建.应变模态在框架结构节点损伤诊断中的应用研究[J].振动、测试与诊断,2002,22(2):136-141.Xu Li,Yi Jianwei.Damage detection of frame struc-ture joints using strain modal Method[J].Journal ofVibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2002,22(2):136-141.(in Chinese)
[4]李军,于德栋,白会人.基于应变模态的结构损伤定位方法[J].世界地震工程,2007(3):104-109.Li Jun,Yu Dedong,Bai Huiren.Damage localization ofchanges based on the strain modes for simply support-ed beam[J].World Earthquake Enginrring,2007(3):104-109.(in Chinese)
[5]蒋济同,于红理.基于应变模态差的海洋平台构件的损伤识别研究[J].灾害学,2010(10):67-70.Jiang Jitong,Yu Hongli.Study on identification of off-shore platform component damage based on strainmodal difference[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2010(10):67-70.(in Chinese)
[6]Maeck J,Abdel M.Damage identification in rein-forced concrete structures by dynamic stiffness deter-mination[J].Engineering Structures,2000,22:1339-1349.
[7]焦莉,李宏男,孙威.基于数据融合和“能量-损伤”的结构状态特征提取[J].振动、测试与诊断,2010,30(1):83-86.Jiao Li,Li Hongnan,Sun Wei.Feature extraction ofstructure status based on data fusion and waveletanalysis[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Di-agnosis,2010,30(1):83-86.(in Chinese)
[8]Hearn G,Testa R B.Modal analysis for damage de-tection in structure[J].Engineering Structures,1991,117(11):3024-3063.
[9]高芳清,金建民,高淑英.基于模态分析的结构损伤检测方法研究[J].西南交通大学学报,1998,33(1):108-113.Gao Fangqing,Jin Jianming,Gao Shuying.Damagedetection in structures by modal analysis[J].Journalof Southwest Jiao Tong University,1998,33(1):108-113.(in Chinese)
[10]李功宇,郑华文.损伤结构的曲率模态分析[J].振动、测试与诊断,2002,22(2):136-141.Li Gongyu,Zheng Huawen.Studies on curvaturemodal analysis of damaged structures[J].Journal ofVibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2002,22(2):136-141.(in Chinese)
[11]徐士良.FORTRAN常用算法程序集[M].2版.北京:清华大学出版社,1997:7-25.
[12]许金余,张其顶,李海川.柱壳结构体系的损伤诊断[J].振动、测试与诊断,2008,28(1):1-4.Xu Jinyu,Zhang Qiding,Li Haichuan.Damage diag-nosis of the cylindrical shell structure system[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2008,28(1):1-4.(in Chinese)
[13]孙晓峰,王轲,施荣明.基于改变结构刚度模态试验的动力学模型修改[J].烟台大学学报:自然科学与工程版,2011,24(1):13-18.Sun Xiaofeng,Wang Ke,Shi Rongming.Dynamicalmodel updating based on modetests with changedstructure stiffness[J].Journal of Yantai University:Natural Science and Engineering Edition,2011,24(1):13-18.(in Chinese)
[14]王计生,喻俊馨,黄惟公.小波包分析和支持向量机在刀具故障诊断中的应用[J].振动、测试与诊断,2008,28(3):273-276.Wang Jisheng,Yu Junxin,Huang Weigong.Applica-tion of wavelet package analysis and support vectormachine to fault diagnosis of cutting tool[J].Journalof Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2008,28(3):273-276.(in Chinese)
[15]董晓马,张为公.应变传感器优化配置研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,11(27):1242-1244.Dong Xiaoma,Zhang Weigong.Investigation on opti-mal placement of strain sensor[J].Chinese Journal ofScientific Instrument,2006,11(27):1242-1244.(inChinese)
[16]Cha P D,Gu W.Model updating using an incompleteset of experimental modes[J].Journal of Sound andVibration,2000,233(4):587-600.
[17]袁爱民,戴航,孙大松.基于EI及MAC混合算法的斜拉桥传感器优化布置[J].振动、测试与诊断,2009,29(1):55-59.Yuan Aimin,Dai Hang,Sun Dasong.Optimal sensorplacement of cable-stayed bridge using mixed algo-rithm based on effective independence and modal as-surance criterion methods[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2009,29(1):55-59.(inChinese)
[18]周公博,朱真才,陈光柱.基于传感器网络的瓦斯传感器故障诊断[J].振动、测试与诊断,2010,30(1):23-27.Zhou Gongbo,Zhu Zhencai,Chen Guangzhu.Fault di-agnosisof gas sensor based on wireless sensor network[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2010,30(1):23-27.(in Chinese)
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