山区沿河公路地质风险形成机制
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摘要
根据山区沿河公路灾害的特点,将以岩土介质为主的传统地质灾害类型和水沙介质灾害类型整合,提出了"广义地质灾害体"的概念,并以介质组成为标准进行了广义地质灾害体分类。在孕灾环境评价和致灾因子评价的基础上,提出了广义地质灾害体的孕灾环境与致灾因子异相耦合发育机理。基于公路承灾体健康的理念,认为公路承灾体易损性主要受控于公路结构本身的健康性态,采取技术可行、经济合理的技术措施使结构健康复原是工程性减灾措施的目的。将公路承灾体类型分为结构性承灾体和功能性承灾体两类。提出了公路地质风险的耦合对抗形成机制,即公路地质风险是广义地质灾害体危险性与公路承灾体易损性之间时空耦合对抗的结果。认为地质风险评估是关于多因素非线性灾害风险系统的预测评价问题。根据地质风险形成的耦合机制,提出了采用解耦措施来逆向控制公路地质风险形成演化过程的减灾思路。针对山区沿河公路,给出了从孕灾环境、致灾因子、广义地质灾害体危险性、承灾体易损性评价到地质风险评估的思路与一般函数表达式。
According to the characteristics of mountainous riverside highway disasters,combined traditional geotechnical medium geological disasters and flood and sediment disasters,the authors put forward the "generalized geological disasters body" concept,and classified the generalized geological disasters body using medium composition for standard.Based on the evaluation of disaster-breeding environment and disaster-causing factor,the catastrophe-coupling development mechanism of the generalized geological disasters body by interaction between disaster-breeding environment and disaster-causing factor is given.Based on the health concept of highway hazard-affected body,it is thought that vulnerability of hazard-bearing body is mainly controlled by the healthy condition of highway structure.The purpose of engineering disaster alleviation measures is making structure health recovery by taking technically feasible and economy reasonable measures.The highway hazard-affected bodies are divided into two types as structural and functional ones.The coupling and confrontation mechanism of highway geological risk is put forward,which indicates that highway geological risk is the result of coupling and confrontation between hazard of generalized geological disasters body and vulnerability of highway hazard-bearing body.It is thought that geological risk assessment is about the prediction and evaluation study on the multi-factors and nonlinear disaster risk system.According to the coupling formation mechanism of geological risk,the idea for reverse control of the formation processes of highway geological risk by decoupling measures is proposed.For mountainous riverside highway,the work ideas and general function expressions for disaster-breeding environment,disaster-causing factors,hazard of generalized geological disasters body,vulnerability assessment of hazard-bearing body and geological risk assessment are given.
According to the characteristics of mountainous riverside highway disasters,combined traditional geotechnical medium geological disasters and flood and sediment disasters,the authors put forward the "generalized geological disasters body" concept,and classified the generalized geological disasters body using medium composition for standard.Based on the evaluation of disaster-breeding environment and disaster-causing factor,the catastrophe-coupling development mechanism of the generalized geological disasters body by interaction between disaster-breeding environment and disaster-causing factor is given.Based on the health concept of highway hazard-affected body,it is thought that vulnerability of hazard-bearing body is mainly controlled by the healthy condition of highway structure.The purpose of engineering disaster alleviation measures is making structure health recovery by taking technically feasible and economy reasonable measures.The highway hazard-affected bodies are divided into two types as structural and functional ones.The coupling and confrontation mechanism of highway geological risk is put forward,which indicates that highway geological risk is the result of coupling and confrontation between hazard of generalized geological disasters body and vulnerability of highway hazard-bearing body.It is thought that geological risk assessment is about the prediction and evaluation study on the multi-factors and nonlinear disaster risk system.According to the coupling formation mechanism of geological risk,the idea for reverse control of the formation processes of highway geological risk by decoupling measures is proposed.For mountainous riverside highway,the work ideas and general function expressions for disaster-breeding environment,disaster-causing factors,hazard of generalized geological disasters body,vulnerability assessment of hazard-bearing body and geological risk assessment are given.
引文
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[14]Tung Y K.On the optimal risk based design of highway drainagestructures[J].Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics,1990,4(4):295-308.
[15]袁素凤.模糊综合评价高速公路建设工程地质灾害危险性[J].灾害学,2009,24(2):57-60.
[16]程尊兰,耿学勇,党超,等.川藏公路G317线路基水毁危险度分段研究[J].灾害学,2006,21(4):18-23.
[17]阳岳龙,何文勇,林剑.贵州三贵高速公路地质灾害危险度分段评价[J].公路,2009(3):52-57.
[18]Wastl M,Stotter J,Kleindienst H.Avalanche risk assessment formountain roads:a case study from Iceland[J].Nat Hazards,2011,56(2):465-480.
[19]崔鹏,林勇明.自然因素与工程作用对山区道路泥石流、滑坡形成的影响[J].灾害学,2007,22(3):11-16.
[20]马保成,王亮,牟顺.公路滑坡灾害链式反应阶段性识别方法研究[J].灾害学,2011,26(2):54-58.
[21]牟顺,王亮,马保成.山区公路路基沉陷风险识别方法研究[J].路基工程,2011,(1):54-56.
[22]Zhou W F,Beck B F,Adams A L.Application of matrix analy-sis in delineating sinkhole risk areas along highway(I-70 nearFrederick,Maryland)[J].Environmental Geology,2003,44(7):834-842.
[23]Pantelidis L.A critical review of highway slope instability risk as-sessment systems[J].Bull Eng Geol Environ,2011,70(3):395-400.
[24]林孝松,陈洪凯,许江,等.山区公路高切坡岩土安全评价分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2009,31(3):66-71.
[25]兰日清,丰彪,王自法.震后公路桥梁通行能力快速评估技术研究[J].世界地震工程,2009,25(2):81-87.
[26]崔伯恩,凌建明,赵鸿铎,等.沿河公路抗水毁能力评价方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(9):6-9,19.
[2]张家明,王志奇,张勇,等.云南省公路水毁时空分布宏观约束机制[J].灾害学,2011,26(3):35-40.
[3]沈水进,孙红月,孙新民.山区公路坡面冲刷引起的路基水毁机理[J].江南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,10(3):293-297.
[4]William Rasdorf,Hubo Cai,Chris Tilley.Approach to determineextent and depth of highway flooding[J].Journal of InfrastrureSystems,2007,13(2):157-167.
[5]苏永华,李翔,李志勇,等.山区公路建造环境级别的模糊粗糙评价方法[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,37(5):1-7.
[6]向延念,徐志胜,王薇.沿海高速公路风险评价体系构建[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(5):142-147.
[7]崔伯恩,凌建明,赵鸿铎,等.公路水毁毁损等级划分体系研究[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(9):1180-1184.
[8]Youssef A M,Pradhan B,Hassan A M.Flash flood risk estima-tion along the St.Katherine road,southern Sinai,Egypt usingGIS based morphometry and satellite imagery[J].Environ EarthSci,2011,62(3):611-623.
[9]覃庆梅,林孝松,唐红梅,等.重庆市万州区公路洪灾孕灾环境分区[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2011,30(1):89-94.
[10]曾蓉,陈洪凯,李俊业.熵权模糊综合评价法在公路洪灾危险性评价中的应用[J].重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版,2010,29(4):587-591.
[11]D'andrea A,Cafiso S,Condorelli A.Methodological considera-tions for the evaluation of seismic risk on road network[J].Pureand Applied Geophysics,2005(162):767-782.
[12]甘建军,黄润秋,李前银,等.都江堰-汶川公路汶川地震次生地质灾害主要特征和形成机理[J].地质力学学报,2010,16(2):146-158.
[13]庄建琦,崔鹏,葛永刚,等.“5.12”汶川地震崩塌滑坡危险性评价———以都汶公路沿线为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(S2):3735-3742.
[14]Tung Y K.On the optimal risk based design of highway drainagestructures[J].Stochastic Hydrology and Hydraulics,1990,4(4):295-308.
[15]袁素凤.模糊综合评价高速公路建设工程地质灾害危险性[J].灾害学,2009,24(2):57-60.
[16]程尊兰,耿学勇,党超,等.川藏公路G317线路基水毁危险度分段研究[J].灾害学,2006,21(4):18-23.
[17]阳岳龙,何文勇,林剑.贵州三贵高速公路地质灾害危险度分段评价[J].公路,2009(3):52-57.
[18]Wastl M,Stotter J,Kleindienst H.Avalanche risk assessment formountain roads:a case study from Iceland[J].Nat Hazards,2011,56(2):465-480.
[19]崔鹏,林勇明.自然因素与工程作用对山区道路泥石流、滑坡形成的影响[J].灾害学,2007,22(3):11-16.
[20]马保成,王亮,牟顺.公路滑坡灾害链式反应阶段性识别方法研究[J].灾害学,2011,26(2):54-58.
[21]牟顺,王亮,马保成.山区公路路基沉陷风险识别方法研究[J].路基工程,2011,(1):54-56.
[22]Zhou W F,Beck B F,Adams A L.Application of matrix analy-sis in delineating sinkhole risk areas along highway(I-70 nearFrederick,Maryland)[J].Environmental Geology,2003,44(7):834-842.
[23]Pantelidis L.A critical review of highway slope instability risk as-sessment systems[J].Bull Eng Geol Environ,2011,70(3):395-400.
[24]林孝松,陈洪凯,许江,等.山区公路高切坡岩土安全评价分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2009,31(3):66-71.
[25]兰日清,丰彪,王自法.震后公路桥梁通行能力快速评估技术研究[J].世界地震工程,2009,25(2):81-87.
[26]崔伯恩,凌建明,赵鸿铎,等.沿河公路抗水毁能力评价方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(9):6-9,19.
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