逆冲断层作用下埋地管道屈曲分析
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摘要
地震断层引起的地面永久变形会导致穿越该断层的大口径埋地管道局部屈曲或整体失稳,使管道失效并退出服务。在该文中,对穿越逆断层的埋地管道屈曲稳定性进行了分析。将埋地管道及周围土体共同建立整体力学模型,分别以空间薄壳单元和实体单元模拟管道与土体介质,考虑管道与土体间的非线性接触行为,采用线性特征值屈曲分析方法及考虑非线性影响的Riks法分别研究了逆断层作用下的埋地管道的整体屈曲及局部屈曲行为。通过算例分析,给出了埋地管道发生屈曲时的临界载荷值及不同特征值对应的屈曲模态,发现特征值屈曲分析用于预测管道屈曲的载荷临界输入值是可行的。通过对钢管和PE管的分析,得到了管径、壁厚、断层倾角、土体剪切波速、管道埋深及管道-断层夹角等因素对埋地管道屈曲的影响。
Local buckling or overall buckling failure of large-diameter buried pipelines through reverse fault is prone to take place under ground permanent deformation induced by earthquake fault,which makes the pipelines damaged and even out of work.In this paper,the stability(buckling) of buried pipeline under reverse fault crossings was studied.An integral mechanical model was established with buried pipeline and the surrounding soil being considered together,and the pipeline was simulated as thin-shell element,while the surrounding soil was modeled as solid element.The linear eigenvalue-buckling analysis method and the Riks method considering nonlinear influence were adopted to study the overall and local buckling of the buried pipelines subjected to reverse fault.The critical load(forced fault dislocation) and buckling modes corresponding to different eigenvalues were given according to example analysis.It was found that the eigenvalue buckling analysis method was feasible to forecast critical buckling load.Based on the analysis of steel-pipe and PE-pipe,the buckling responses of the pipelines and variety trends were investigated with different pipe-diameter,wall-thickness,fault crossing angle,soil shear velocity,buried depth and angle between pipe and fault.
Local buckling or overall buckling failure of large-diameter buried pipelines through reverse fault is prone to take place under ground permanent deformation induced by earthquake fault,which makes the pipelines damaged and even out of work.In this paper,the stability(buckling) of buried pipeline under reverse fault crossings was studied.An integral mechanical model was established with buried pipeline and the surrounding soil being considered together,and the pipeline was simulated as thin-shell element,while the surrounding soil was modeled as solid element.The linear eigenvalue-buckling analysis method and the Riks method considering nonlinear influence were adopted to study the overall and local buckling of the buried pipelines subjected to reverse fault.The critical load(forced fault dislocation) and buckling modes corresponding to different eigenvalues were given according to example analysis.It was found that the eigenvalue buckling analysis method was feasible to forecast critical buckling load.Based on the analysis of steel-pipe and PE-pipe,the buckling responses of the pipelines and variety trends were investigated with different pipe-diameter,wall-thickness,fault crossing angle,soil shear velocity,buried depth and angle between pipe and fault.
引文
[1]Newmark N M,Hall W J.Pipeline design to resist large fault displacement[C]//Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.Proceedings of U.S.NCEE.Ann Arbor:University of Michigan,1975.
[2]Kennedy R P,Darrow A W,Williamson R A.Fault movement effects on buried oil pipeline[J].Journal of the Transportation Engineering Division,ASCE,1977,103(5):617―633.
[3]Wang L R L,Yeh Y H.A refined seismic analysis and design of buried pipeline for fault movement[J].International Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structure Dynamics,1985,13(1):75―96.
[4]Liang J W.Dynamic response of pipelines laid through alluvial valley[J].Transactions of Tianjin University,1995,1(1):89―92.
[5]Takada S,Liang J W,Li T Y.Shell model response of buried pipelines to large fault movements[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,JSCE,1998,44(3):1637―1646.
[6]冯启民,赵林.跨越断层埋地管道屈曲分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4):81―87.Feng Qimin,Zhao Lin.Buckling analysis of buried pipes subjected to fault movements[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(4):81―87.(in Chinese)
[7]刘爱文,胡聿贤,赵凤新.地震断层作用下埋地管线壳有限元分析的等效边界方法[J].地震学报,2004,26(增刊):143―149.Liu Aiwen,Hu Yuxian,Zhao Fengxin.An equivalent-boundary method for the shell analysis of buried pipelines under fault movement[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(Supl.):143―149.(in Chinese)
[8]林均岐,胡明祎.跨越断层地下管道地震反应研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(5):129―133.Lin Junqi,Hu Mingyi.Seismic responses of buried pipeline crossing fault[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(5):129―133.(in Chinese)
[9]朱庆杰,陈艳华,蒋录珍.场地和断层对埋地管道破坏的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2392―2396.Zhu Qingjie,Chen Yanhua,Jiang Luzhen.Influences of site and faults on damage of buried pipelines[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2392―2396.(in Chinese)
[10]王滨,李昕,周晶.地震断层作用下的埋地管道等效分析模型[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(1):44―50.Wang Bin,Li Xin,Zhou Jing.An equivalent analytical model of buried pipelines subjected to fault movement[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2009,29(1):44―50.(in Chinese)
[11]金浏,李鸿晶,姚保华.埋地管线-土体相互作用分析计算区域的选取[J].南京工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(3):37―41.Jin Liu,Li Hongjing,Yao Baohua.Deternination of interaction area in pipeline-soil system under ground permanent deformation[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology(Natural and Edition),2009,31(3):37―41.(in Chinese)
[12]金浏,李鸿晶.穿越逆冲断层的埋地管道非线性反应分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,33(2):130―134.Jin Liu,Li Hongjing.Nonlinear responses analysis of buried pipeline at reverse-slip fault crossings[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,33(2):130―134.(in Chinese)
[13]Lee L H N,Ariman T,Chen C C.On Buckling of buried pipelines by seismic excitation[C]//ASME.Proceedings of the Vess,and Piping Div.ASME Century 2 Conference,San Francisco,80-C2/PVP-75,AUG.1980.
[14]Lee L H N,Ariman T,Chen C C.Elastic-plastic buckling of buried pipelines by seismic excitation[J].Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering,1984,3(4):168―173.
[15]Kyriakides S,Paquette J A.Plastic buckling of tubes under axial compression and internal pressure[J].International Journal of Mechanical Science,2006,48(8):855―867.
[16]Yun H D,Kyriakides S.On the beam and shell modes of buckling of buried pipelines[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1990,9(4):179―193.
[17]Andreuzzi F,Perrone A.Analytical solution for upheaval buckling in buried pipeline[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2001,190(39):5081―5087.
[18]Netto A,Kyriakides S,Ouyang X.On the initiation and propagation of buckles in a beam on a nonlinear foundation[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,Transactions of the ASME,1999,66(2):418―443.
[19]Sahel N A,Hamdan N A,Junaid A S,Ibrahim M A,Naser A A.Stability of vertically bent pipelines buried in sand[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,Transactions of the ASME,2004,126(3):382―390.
[20]Cheuk C Y,Take W A,Bolton M D,Oliveira J R.Soil restraint on buckling oil and gas pipelines buried in lumpy clay fill[J].Engineering Structure,2007,29(6):973―982.
[21]韩庆华,金辉,艾军,等.工程结构整体屈曲的临界荷载分析[J].天津大学学报,2005,38(12):1051―1057.Han Qinhua,Jin Hui,Ai Jun,et al.Analysis of the overall buckling load for engineering structures[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2005,38(12):1051―1057.(in Chinese)
[2]Kennedy R P,Darrow A W,Williamson R A.Fault movement effects on buried oil pipeline[J].Journal of the Transportation Engineering Division,ASCE,1977,103(5):617―633.
[3]Wang L R L,Yeh Y H.A refined seismic analysis and design of buried pipeline for fault movement[J].International Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structure Dynamics,1985,13(1):75―96.
[4]Liang J W.Dynamic response of pipelines laid through alluvial valley[J].Transactions of Tianjin University,1995,1(1):89―92.
[5]Takada S,Liang J W,Li T Y.Shell model response of buried pipelines to large fault movements[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,JSCE,1998,44(3):1637―1646.
[6]冯启民,赵林.跨越断层埋地管道屈曲分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4):81―87.Feng Qimin,Zhao Lin.Buckling analysis of buried pipes subjected to fault movements[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(4):81―87.(in Chinese)
[7]刘爱文,胡聿贤,赵凤新.地震断层作用下埋地管线壳有限元分析的等效边界方法[J].地震学报,2004,26(增刊):143―149.Liu Aiwen,Hu Yuxian,Zhao Fengxin.An equivalent-boundary method for the shell analysis of buried pipelines under fault movement[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(Supl.):143―149.(in Chinese)
[8]林均岐,胡明祎.跨越断层地下管道地震反应研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(5):129―133.Lin Junqi,Hu Mingyi.Seismic responses of buried pipeline crossing fault[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(5):129―133.(in Chinese)
[9]朱庆杰,陈艳华,蒋录珍.场地和断层对埋地管道破坏的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2392―2396.Zhu Qingjie,Chen Yanhua,Jiang Luzhen.Influences of site and faults on damage of buried pipelines[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2392―2396.(in Chinese)
[10]王滨,李昕,周晶.地震断层作用下的埋地管道等效分析模型[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(1):44―50.Wang Bin,Li Xin,Zhou Jing.An equivalent analytical model of buried pipelines subjected to fault movement[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2009,29(1):44―50.(in Chinese)
[11]金浏,李鸿晶,姚保华.埋地管线-土体相互作用分析计算区域的选取[J].南京工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(3):37―41.Jin Liu,Li Hongjing,Yao Baohua.Deternination of interaction area in pipeline-soil system under ground permanent deformation[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology(Natural and Edition),2009,31(3):37―41.(in Chinese)
[12]金浏,李鸿晶.穿越逆冲断层的埋地管道非线性反应分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,33(2):130―134.Jin Liu,Li Hongjing.Nonlinear responses analysis of buried pipeline at reverse-slip fault crossings[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2010,33(2):130―134.(in Chinese)
[13]Lee L H N,Ariman T,Chen C C.On Buckling of buried pipelines by seismic excitation[C]//ASME.Proceedings of the Vess,and Piping Div.ASME Century 2 Conference,San Francisco,80-C2/PVP-75,AUG.1980.
[14]Lee L H N,Ariman T,Chen C C.Elastic-plastic buckling of buried pipelines by seismic excitation[J].Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering,1984,3(4):168―173.
[15]Kyriakides S,Paquette J A.Plastic buckling of tubes under axial compression and internal pressure[J].International Journal of Mechanical Science,2006,48(8):855―867.
[16]Yun H D,Kyriakides S.On the beam and shell modes of buckling of buried pipelines[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1990,9(4):179―193.
[17]Andreuzzi F,Perrone A.Analytical solution for upheaval buckling in buried pipeline[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2001,190(39):5081―5087.
[18]Netto A,Kyriakides S,Ouyang X.On the initiation and propagation of buckles in a beam on a nonlinear foundation[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,Transactions of the ASME,1999,66(2):418―443.
[19]Sahel N A,Hamdan N A,Junaid A S,Ibrahim M A,Naser A A.Stability of vertically bent pipelines buried in sand[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,Transactions of the ASME,2004,126(3):382―390.
[20]Cheuk C Y,Take W A,Bolton M D,Oliveira J R.Soil restraint on buckling oil and gas pipelines buried in lumpy clay fill[J].Engineering Structure,2007,29(6):973―982.
[21]韩庆华,金辉,艾军,等.工程结构整体屈曲的临界荷载分析[J].天津大学学报,2005,38(12):1051―1057.Han Qinhua,Jin Hui,Ai Jun,et al.Analysis of the overall buckling load for engineering structures[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2005,38(12):1051―1057.(in Chinese)
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