填方路基振动台动力破坏试验研究
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摘要
填方路基抗震安全是西部公路建设的关键技术问题之一。以"5.12"汶川地震灾区典型填方路基为背景,采用红层软岩和石英砂为模型路基材料,设计并完成比例为1∶20的大型振动台模型试验。在满足相似律的条件下,通过输入不同地震波类型、频率和振幅,系统地研究填方路基在强地震动作用下的动力响应和损伤破坏过程。试验模型尽可能全面地模拟影响填方路基地震响应的各种主要因素,包括路基与挡墙动力相互作用、路基施工过程、边界条件等。试验结果表明,加速度沿水平方向的响应呈现明显的非线性特征;总体上,模型路基对输入地震波具有明显的放大作用,在水平向地震波作用下,沿路基坡面向上,加速度峰值放大系数呈现递增趋势,路肩附近急剧增大,在逐级增加的输入地震作用下路基发生多处开裂。试验模拟呈现填方路基在地震作用下的响应及其损伤破坏过程,确定抗震薄弱部位,为全面评价路基的抗震性能提供相应的参考。
Seismic safety of high fill subgrade presents a difficult design problem,constituting one of the greatest challenges in the development of highway in West China.To study the seismic damage and dynamic characteristics of fill subgrade,firstly the fill subgrade seismic damage of Wenchuan Earthquake is investigated finding out that the main seismic damage type of fill subgrade is rip of upside and bulge of downside.The seismic response and damage of fill subgrade was studied through a shaking table test.In order to model the main factors that influence the seismic response,the model system included the dynamic interactions between the subgrade and retaining wall,construction progress,boundary conditions,etc.The model is made of red beds and quartz sand,meets the requirement of similitude.Results show that the subgrade slope has amplification effort to input seismic waves;and the effect becomes extremely prominent around the crest of the subgrade.The study also shows that the top of the retaining wall and the crest of the subgrade are the vulnerable parts of subgrade and cracks normally appear near these parts under seismic motion.The dynamic characteristics of the subgrade as well as its weak portions during earthquakes are discussed,so as to provide valuable references for seismic appraisal of subgrade.
Seismic safety of high fill subgrade presents a difficult design problem,constituting one of the greatest challenges in the development of highway in West China.To study the seismic damage and dynamic characteristics of fill subgrade,firstly the fill subgrade seismic damage of Wenchuan Earthquake is investigated finding out that the main seismic damage type of fill subgrade is rip of upside and bulge of downside.The seismic response and damage of fill subgrade was studied through a shaking table test.In order to model the main factors that influence the seismic response,the model system included the dynamic interactions between the subgrade and retaining wall,construction progress,boundary conditions,etc.The model is made of red beds and quartz sand,meets the requirement of similitude.Results show that the subgrade slope has amplification effort to input seismic waves;and the effect becomes extremely prominent around the crest of the subgrade.The study also shows that the top of the retaining wall and the crest of the subgrade are the vulnerable parts of subgrade and cracks normally appear near these parts under seismic motion.The dynamic characteristics of the subgrade as well as its weak portions during earthquakes are discussed,so as to provide valuable references for seismic appraisal of subgrade.
引文
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[2]HUANG Ching-Chuan.Investigations of soil retainingstructures damaged during the Chi-Chi(Taiwan)earthquake[J].Journal of the Chinese Institute ofEngineers,2000,23(4):417-428.
[3]FANG YS,YANG YC,CHEN TJ.Retaining wallsdamaged in the Chi-Chi earthquake[J].Canadian Geo-technical Journal,2003,40(6):1142-1153.
[4]SANDRI DEAN.A performance summary of reinforcedsoil structures in the Greater Los Angeles area after theNorthridge earthquake[J].Geotextiles and Geomem-branes,1997,15(4-6):235-253.
[5]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ004-89公路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[6]薄景山,徐国栋,景立平.土边坡地震反应及其动力稳定性分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2):116-120.BO Jing-shan,XU Guo-dong,JING Li-ping.Seismicresponse and dynamic stability analysis of soil slopes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(2):116-120.
[7]凌贤长,郭明珠,王东升,等.液化场地桩基桥梁震害响应大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):7-10.LING Xian-zhang,GUO Ming-zhu,WANG Dong-sheng,et al.Large-scale shaking table model test of seismicresponse of bridge of pile foundation in ground ofliquefaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(1):7-10.
[8]陈国兴,王志华,宰金珉.土与结构动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(4):47-54.CHEN Guo-xing,WANG Zhi-hua,ZAI Jin-min.Shakingtable model test of soil-structure dynamic interactionsystem[J].Word Earthquake Engineering,2002,18(4):47-54.
[9]陈国兴,庄海洋,杜修力,等.土-地铁隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台试验——试验结果分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(1):164-170.CHEN Guo-xing,ZHUANG Hai-yang,DU Xiu-li,et al.A large-scale shaking teble test for dynamic soil-metrotunnel interaction:Analysis of test results[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(1):164-170.
[10]吕西林,陈跃庆,陈波,等.结构-地基动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):20-29.LüXi-lin,CHEN Yue-qing,CHEN Bo,et al.Shakingtable testing of dynamic soil-structure interactionsystem[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,2000,20(4):20-29.
[11]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624-632.XU Guang-xing,YAO Ling-kan,GAO Zhao-ning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model test study on dynamiccharacteristics and dynamic responses of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):624-632.
[12]刘小生,王忠宁,汪小刚,等.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[13]李德寅,王邦楣,林亚超.结构模型试验[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[14]左东启.模型试验的理论和方法[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1984.
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