基于小波和Wigner-Ville分布的轨道不平顺特征识别
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摘要
利用小波变换的多分辨特性,对轨道不平顺局部检测数据进行一维小波变换多尺度分解,然后对各尺度下重构信号进行幅值谱分析,以发现在轨道不平顺中存在的特征不利波长;同时,基于小波分解后的各层重构信号能有效放大不平顺特征和缩小频段范围,利用Wigner-Ville分布对信号能量的时频聚集性,对各层重构信号进行Wigner-Ville时频分析能很好地提取各波长不平顺大小沿线路里程的分布情况;通过相干分析发现引起车体激扰的不利波长,然后用小波方法提取不利波长所在的特征频段,最后通过互Wigner-Ville分布表征相干不利波长不平顺的时频分布情况。结果表明:结合小波分析理论和Wigner-Ville分布能十分有效地从时频域角度分析轨道不平顺,是一条保证铁路安全运营、提高养护维修质量的良好技术途径。
By exploiting the multiresolution characteristic of wavelet transform,we can put the local testing data into multiscale decomposition through 1D wavelet transform,and then analyse the reconstructing signal of each scale using the amplitude spectrum to find the feature unfavorable wavelength existed in the track irregularity;At the same time,we can reduce the cross distraction of the Wigner-Ville distribution based on the fact that the wavelet decomposition can effectively magnify the characteristic of the irregularity and narrow the frequency band,through using the Wigner-Ville distribution which can draw the time-frequency clustering of the signal energy;Finding the unfavorable wavelength that causes the car-body vibration,then extracting the feature frequency band of the unfavorable wavelength,at last,we can finally represent the time-frequency distribution condition of cross unfavorable wavelength through the method of cross Wigner-Ville distribution.The result shows that we can effectively analyse the track irregularity from the time-frequecy domain through combining wavelet method and Wigneer-Ville distribution.It’s a new technical method for guaranteeing the safe running of railway and improving the maintenance quality.
By exploiting the multiresolution characteristic of wavelet transform,we can put the local testing data into multiscale decomposition through 1D wavelet transform,and then analyse the reconstructing signal of each scale using the amplitude spectrum to find the feature unfavorable wavelength existed in the track irregularity;At the same time,we can reduce the cross distraction of the Wigner-Ville distribution based on the fact that the wavelet decomposition can effectively magnify the characteristic of the irregularity and narrow the frequency band,through using the Wigner-Ville distribution which can draw the time-frequency clustering of the signal energy;Finding the unfavorable wavelength that causes the car-body vibration,then extracting the feature frequency band of the unfavorable wavelength,at last,we can finally represent the time-frequency distribution condition of cross unfavorable wavelength through the method of cross Wigner-Ville distribution.The result shows that we can effectively analyse the track irregularity from the time-frequecy domain through combining wavelet method and Wigneer-Ville distribution.It’s a new technical method for guaranteeing the safe running of railway and improving the maintenance quality.
引文
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[11]程振兴.小波分析算法和应用[M].陕西:西安交通大学出版社,1998:45-57.CHEN Zhenxin.Wavelet analysis algorithm and application[M].Shaanxi:Xi'an Jiaotong University Press,1988:45-57.
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[13]安木金,李舜铭,张袁元.多相干子系统输入中输入的相干性分析[J].中国机械工程,2010,21(21):2609-2613.AN Mujin,LI Shunming,ZHANG Yuanyuan.Coherence analysis of inputs using multiple correlated subsystem-inputs system modeling[J].China Mechanic Engineering,2010,21(21):2609-2613.
[2]张亭禄,杜祥之,徐青娜,等.一维小波分析在浮游植物吸收光谱有害赤潮藻类检测中的应用[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(10):2743-2747.ZHANG Tinglu,DU Xiangzhi,XU Qingna,et al.Application of1D wavelet analysis in detecting species of harmful algae blooms with absorption spectra of phytoplankton[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2009,29(10):2743-2747.
[3]杜灿谊,杨志坚,丁康.小波分析在发动机失火监测中的应用[J].振动、测试与诊断,2011,31(3):318-322.DU Canyi,YANG Zhijian,DING Kang.The Application of Wavelet analysis in engine fire monitoring[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2011,31(3):318-322.
[4]Classen T C M,Mecklenbrauker W F G.The Wigner distribution-a tool for time-frequency signal analysis,part I:Continuous-time signals[J].Philips Journal of Research,1980,35(3):217-250.
[5]Classen T C M,Mecklenbrauker W F G.The Wigner distribution-a tool for time-frequency signal analysis,part II:Discrete-time signals[J].Philips Journal of Research,1980,35(4/51):276-300.
[6]罗林,张格明,吴旺青,等.轮轨系统轨道平顺状态的控制[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2006:174.LUO Lin,ZHANG Geming,WU Wangqing,et al.The control of the state of track regularity in wheel-rail system[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2006:174.
[7]王文圣,丁晶,向红莲.小波分析在水文学中的应用研究及展望[J].水科学进展,2002,13(4):515-520.WANG Wensheng,DING Jing,XIANG Honglian.Application and prospect of wavelet analysis in hydrology[J].Advances in water science,2002,13(4):515-520.
[8]马瑞恒,王新晴.基于一种新的时频分布的机械故障诊断[J].振动与冲击,2003,22(3):68-74.MA Ruiheng,WANG Xinqing.The mechanical failure diagnosis based on a new time-frequency distribution[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2003,22(3):68-74.
[9]石小羊,吴天佑.基于时频重排的地震信号Wigner-Ville分布时频分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,42(2):201-205.SHI Xiaoyang,WU Tianyou.The seismic signals analysis based on the time-frequency rearrangement Wigner-Ville distribution[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,42(2):201-205.
[10]陈宪麦,王澜,陶夏新,等.基于小波分析理论的轨道不平顺分析[J].铁道工程学报,2008,1(1):57-61.CHEN Xianmai,WANG Lan,TAO Xiaxin,et al.Analysis of track irregularity with wavelet theory[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2008,1(1):57-61.
[11]程振兴.小波分析算法和应用[M].陕西:西安交通大学出版社,1998:45-57.CHEN Zhenxin.Wavelet analysis algorithm and application[M].Shaanxi:Xi'an Jiaotong University Press,1988:45-57.
[12]曲铭,许玉德.基于小波的列车加速度和轨道不平顺关系分析[J].华东交通大学学报,2008,25(5):36-41.QU Ming,XU Yude.An analysis of the relationship of acceleration and track irregularity based on wavelet[J].Journal of East China Jiaotong University,2008,25(5):36-41.
[13]安木金,李舜铭,张袁元.多相干子系统输入中输入的相干性分析[J].中国机械工程,2010,21(21):2609-2613.AN Mujin,LI Shunming,ZHANG Yuanyuan.Coherence analysis of inputs using multiple correlated subsystem-inputs system modeling[J].China Mechanic Engineering,2010,21(21):2609-2613.
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