小净距下穿铁路隧道爆破震动的响应研究
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摘要
新建翠华山隧道与既有线小峪隧道垂直净间距仅为8m,复线隧道钻爆施工将影响既有隧道的结构安全。为保证既有线的安全运营,本文采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了隧道的有限元模型,数值分析了下穿铁路隧道爆破施工时隧道间水平距离L为-6m～19m时既有线的动力响应。结合既有线振动速度的实测数据,采用质点振速判据评估了下穿隧道爆破施工时既有线结构的安全性,保障了下穿隧道施工时既有隧道的运营安全。数值模拟结果分析表明:未出现新的自由面之前、爆破炸药量不变的情况下,两隧道水平间距L从19m减小到10m时,数值模拟所得峰值振速由10.5cm/s增大到12.0cm/s;出现新的自由面之后、爆破炸药量不变的情况下,两隧道水平间距L从10m变为5m时,数值模拟所得峰值振速由12.0cm/s减小到10.2cm/s,其后迅速衰减。因此,隧道爆破施工中可人为地创造自由面以降低爆破震动效应的危害。同时,既有线隧道迎爆面测点竖向振动速度较大,是爆破震动效应控制的薄弱部位,施工过程中应加强该部位的监控量测。
The clear distance between the new tunnel Cuihuashan and the existing line Xiaoyu tunnel is only about 8m,and the excavating blast in double line tunnel will affect structural safety of existing tunnel.In order to ensure the operation safety of existing line,the finite element model is established by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA code and the blast-induced vibration responses of existing tunnel structure are numerically studied when the horizontal distance L of the two tunnels is from 19m to-6m.By combining the measured vibration velocity of existing tunnel,the criterion of particle vibration velocity is employed to evaluate the structure safety of existing tunnel,and thus guaranteeing the operation safety of existing tunnel.The numerical simulation results obtained indicate that,with the same charge weight and without the emergence of new free surface,the peak value of vibration velocity increases from 10.5cm/s to 12.0cm/s when the horizontal distance L of the tunnels decreases from 19m to 10m.After the emergence of new free surface,the peak value of vibration velocity reduces from 12.0cm/s to 10.2cm/s when the horizontal distance L decreases from 10m to 5m,and then declines rapidly.Therefore,the free surface could be created artificially so as to reduce the damage of blast-induced vibration in practical engineering.Meanwhile,the vertical vibration velocity at the side wall of existing tunnel toward the blasting is higher,and the tunnel wall facing the blasting side is a weak part for controlling blast-induced vibration effects,so monitoring and measurement of the weak part should be strengthened during the tunnel construction process.
The clear distance between the new tunnel Cuihuashan and the existing line Xiaoyu tunnel is only about 8m,and the excavating blast in double line tunnel will affect structural safety of existing tunnel.In order to ensure the operation safety of existing line,the finite element model is established by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA code and the blast-induced vibration responses of existing tunnel structure are numerically studied when the horizontal distance L of the two tunnels is from 19m to-6m.By combining the measured vibration velocity of existing tunnel,the criterion of particle vibration velocity is employed to evaluate the structure safety of existing tunnel,and thus guaranteeing the operation safety of existing tunnel.The numerical simulation results obtained indicate that,with the same charge weight and without the emergence of new free surface,the peak value of vibration velocity increases from 10.5cm/s to 12.0cm/s when the horizontal distance L of the tunnels decreases from 19m to 10m.After the emergence of new free surface,the peak value of vibration velocity reduces from 12.0cm/s to 10.2cm/s when the horizontal distance L decreases from 10m to 5m,and then declines rapidly.Therefore,the free surface could be created artificially so as to reduce the damage of blast-induced vibration in practical engineering.Meanwhile,the vertical vibration velocity at the side wall of existing tunnel toward the blasting is higher,and the tunnel wall facing the blasting side is a weak part for controlling blast-induced vibration effects,so monitoring and measurement of the weak part should be strengthened during the tunnel construction process.
引文
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[10]于海英,于双久.工程爆破场地地震动强度预测研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(1):122-129.(Yu Haiying,Yu Shuangjiu.Study on forecasting intensity of ground motion induced by engineering explosion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(1):122-129.(in Chinese))
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[12]毕继红,钟建辉.邻近隧道爆破震动对既有隧道影响的研究[J].工程爆破,2004,10(4):69-73.(Bi Jihong,Zhong Jianhui.Study on influence of blasting vibration form excavation of a new tunnel on existed tunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,2004,10(4):69-73.(in Chinese))
[13]蔚立元,李术才,徐帮树.青岛小净距海底隧道爆破振动响应研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(8):100-108.(Wei Liyuan,Li Shucai,Xu Bangshu.Study on the effect of blasting vibration for Qingdao twin subsea tunnels[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(8):100-108.(in Chinese))
[14]崔可佳.浅埋城市隧道爆破施工对地表及邻近既有隧道振动影响的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.(Cui Kejia.Study on ground and original near tunnel vibration under new urban shallow-buried tunnel blasting construction[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2008.(in Chinese))
[15]丁立丰,张志国.西康二线翠华山隧道地应力报告[R].北京:中国地震局地壳应力研究所,2007.(Ding Lifeng,Zhang Zhiguo.Ground stress report of Cuihuashan tunnel in mountain Qinling on the second line of Xi’an-Ankang railway[R].Beijing:The Institute of Crustal Dynamics,2007.(in Chinese))
[16]阳生权.小线间距施工隧道爆破地震影响下既有隧道围岩线性动力分析[J].工程爆破,1998,4(1):1-6.(Yang Shengquan.Linear dynamic analysis on rock-media of old tunnel affected by blasting vibration of new tunnel with small line-clearance[J].Engineering Blasting,1998,4(1):1-6.(in Chinese))
[17]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水力水电出版社,1989.(Zhou Weiyuan.Advanced rock mechanics[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1989.(in Chinese))
[18]Wharton R,Formby S,Merrifield R.Air blast TNT equivalence for a range of commercial blasting explosives[J].Hazard Material,2000,79:31-39.
[2]李云鹏,艾传志,韩常领,等.小间距隧道爆破开挖动力效应数值模拟研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(1):75-81.(Li Yunpeng,Ai Chuanzhi,Han Changling,et al.Study on dynamics effect caused by blasting construction by numerical simulation for tunnels with small spacing[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2007,27(1):75-81.(in Chinese))
[3]Shin Jong-Ho,Moon Hoon-Gi,Chae Sung-Eun.Effect of blast-induced vibration on existing tunnels in soft rocks[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2011,26:51-61.
[4]林从谋,陈礼彪,蒋丽丽,等.高速公路扩建大断面特小净距隧道爆破稳定控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(7):1371-1378.(Lin Congmou,Chen Libiao,Jiang Lili,et al.Research on blasting stability control technology of large-span highway tunnel with super-small clear spacing at highway expansion project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(7):1371-1378.(in Chinese))
[5]李景龙,李术才,李廷春,等.隧道下穿既有铁路爆破的稳定控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(S1):3596-3600.(Li Jinglong,Li Shucai,Li Tingchun,et al.Research on construction control technology for blast in tunnel crossing existing railway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):3596-3600.(in Chinese))
[6]张庆松,李利平,李术才,等.小间距隧道爆破动力特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(10):2655-2661.(Zhang Qingsong,Li Liping,Li Shucai,et al.Experimental study of blasting dynamic vibration of closely adjacent tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(10):2655-2661.(in Chinese))
[7]孟凡兵,林从谋,蔡丽光,等.小净距隧道爆破开挖中夹岩累积损伤计算方法及其应用[J].岩土力学,2011,32(5):1491-1495.(Meng Fanbing,Lin Congmou,Cai Liguang,et al.Cumulative damage evaluation of clip rock in small-distance tunnels caused by blasting excavation and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1491-1495.(in Chinese))
[8]林从谋,蔡丽光,蒋丽丽.小净距隧道爆破中夹岩累积损伤测试研究[J].兵工学报,2009,30(S2):228-232.(Lin Congmou,Cai Liguang,Jiang Lili.Study on cumulative damage of shared rock in small interval tunnel blast[J].Acta Armamentarii,2009,30(S2):228-232.(in Chinese))
[9]Li J C,Li H B,Ma G W,et al.Assessment of underground tunnel stability to adjacent tunnel explosion[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2013,35:1-8.
[10]于海英,于双久.工程爆破场地地震动强度预测研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(1):122-129.(Yu Haiying,Yu Shuangjiu.Study on forecasting intensity of ground motion induced by engineering explosion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(1):122-129.(in Chinese))
[11]冯仲仁,文曦.新建隧道爆破震动对既有隧道影响的数值分析[J].爆破,2008,25(4):20-23.(Feng Zhongren,Wen Xi.Numerical simulation of blasting vibration from excavation of a new tunnel on existed tunnel[J].Blasting,2008,25(4):20-23.(in Chinese))
[12]毕继红,钟建辉.邻近隧道爆破震动对既有隧道影响的研究[J].工程爆破,2004,10(4):69-73.(Bi Jihong,Zhong Jianhui.Study on influence of blasting vibration form excavation of a new tunnel on existed tunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,2004,10(4):69-73.(in Chinese))
[13]蔚立元,李术才,徐帮树.青岛小净距海底隧道爆破振动响应研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(8):100-108.(Wei Liyuan,Li Shucai,Xu Bangshu.Study on the effect of blasting vibration for Qingdao twin subsea tunnels[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(8):100-108.(in Chinese))
[14]崔可佳.浅埋城市隧道爆破施工对地表及邻近既有隧道振动影响的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.(Cui Kejia.Study on ground and original near tunnel vibration under new urban shallow-buried tunnel blasting construction[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2008.(in Chinese))
[15]丁立丰,张志国.西康二线翠华山隧道地应力报告[R].北京:中国地震局地壳应力研究所,2007.(Ding Lifeng,Zhang Zhiguo.Ground stress report of Cuihuashan tunnel in mountain Qinling on the second line of Xi’an-Ankang railway[R].Beijing:The Institute of Crustal Dynamics,2007.(in Chinese))
[16]阳生权.小线间距施工隧道爆破地震影响下既有隧道围岩线性动力分析[J].工程爆破,1998,4(1):1-6.(Yang Shengquan.Linear dynamic analysis on rock-media of old tunnel affected by blasting vibration of new tunnel with small line-clearance[J].Engineering Blasting,1998,4(1):1-6.(in Chinese))
[17]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水力水电出版社,1989.(Zhou Weiyuan.Advanced rock mechanics[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1989.(in Chinese))
[18]Wharton R,Formby S,Merrifield R.Air blast TNT equivalence for a range of commercial blasting explosives[J].Hazard Material,2000,79:31-39.
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