隧道震裂岩体围岩分级方法初探
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摘要
汶川地震产生了大量的震裂松动山体,为合理评价在这些震裂山体中新建隧道的围岩级别,通过极震区在建隧道现场震裂岩体调查,对震裂岩体特征及其对围岩稳定性的影响进行了分析。震裂岩体是一种受强烈地震波作用后,岩体结构面更加发育,层间结合更差的一种岩体;并且硬质岩和软质岩的震裂特征不同,硬质震裂岩体易产生集中式张裂缝和松动,软质震裂岩体易产生体积式松弛变形。在此基础上,提出了岩体震裂等级,划分为轻微、中等、强烈三种级别,并建立了震裂岩体围岩分级的修正方案,即:轻微震裂岩体对围岩稳定性影响不大,可不考虑降低围岩级别,或者降低0.5级;中等震裂岩体对围岩稳定性有不利影响,围岩级别降低0.5～1级;强烈震裂岩体对围岩稳定性影响极为不利,围岩级别降低1～1.5级。
A lot of shattering loose rock masses were created by the Wenchuan earthquake.In order to rationally evaluate the classification of the surrounding rock of newly built tunnels in these mountain areas,this paper analyzes,by way of site investigation,the features of shattered rock masses and their effects on the stability of surrounding rock.The shattered rock,which exhibits a more developed structural plane and poorer joining of interlamination after the effects of an intense seismic wave,has different features concerning hard rock and soft rock.The shattered hard rock is prone to centralized tension fissures and loosening,and the soft rock is prone to the volumetric deformation of loosening.Based on this,a three-level classification of shattered rock masses is proposed,e.g.slight,moderate and intense.In addition,a revision program is presented in which the level of the classification is not lowered or only lowered by 0.5 for the slight shattered rock mass since it has little impact on the stability of the surrounding rock;the level of the classification is lowered by 0.5 to 1 for the moderate shattered rock mass since it has adverse effects on the stability of the surrounding rock;and the level of classification is lowered by 1 to 1.5 for the intense shattered rock mass since it has extremely adverse effects on the stability of the surrounding rock.
A lot of shattering loose rock masses were created by the Wenchuan earthquake.In order to rationally evaluate the classification of the surrounding rock of newly built tunnels in these mountain areas,this paper analyzes,by way of site investigation,the features of shattered rock masses and their effects on the stability of surrounding rock.The shattered rock,which exhibits a more developed structural plane and poorer joining of interlamination after the effects of an intense seismic wave,has different features concerning hard rock and soft rock.The shattered hard rock is prone to centralized tension fissures and loosening,and the soft rock is prone to the volumetric deformation of loosening.Based on this,a three-level classification of shattered rock masses is proposed,e.g.slight,moderate and intense.In addition,a revision program is presented in which the level of the classification is not lowered or only lowered by 0.5 for the slight shattered rock mass since it has little impact on the stability of the surrounding rock;the level of the classification is lowered by 0.5 to 1 for the moderate shattered rock mass since it has adverse effects on the stability of the surrounding rock;and the level of classification is lowered by 1 to 1.5 for the intense shattered rock mass since it has extremely adverse effects on the stability of the surrounding rock.
引文
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[10]高波,王峥峥,袁松,等.汶川地震公路隧道震害启示[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):336-341,374 Gao Bo,Wang Zhengzheng,Yuan Song,et al.Lessons Learnt from Damage of Highway Tunnels in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(3):336-341,374
[2]左雅娅,冯文凯.土质边坡震裂机制物理模拟研究[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(1):21-28 Zuo Yaya,Feng Wenkai.Physical Simulation on Genetic Mechanism of Rupture in Soil Slope under Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(1):21-28
[3]冯文凯,黄润秋,许强,等.震裂斜坡形成机理及变形破坏模式研究[J].水文地质与工程地质,2009,36(6):42-48 Feng Wenkai,Huang Runqiu,Xu Qiang,et al.Study on Formation Mechanism and Deformation Failure Models of Shatter Slopes[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2009,36(6):42-48
[4]冯文凯,黄润秋,许强.斜坡震裂变形发育分布规律及危险性分析[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,37(6):679-684 Feng Wenkai,Huang Runqiu,Xu Qiang.Analysis of the Development,Distribution Rules and Risk of Slope Shattering Deformation[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2010,37(6):679-684
[5]冯文凯,许强,黄润秋.斜坡震裂变形力学机制初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(S1):3124-3130 Feng Wenkai,Xu Qiang,Huang Runqiu.Preliminary Study on Mechanical Mechanism of Slope Earthquake-induced Deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S1):3124-3130
[6]许向宁.高地震烈度区山体变形破裂机制地质分析与地质力学模拟研究[D].成都理工大学,2006 Xu Xiangning.Geological Analysis and Geomechanics Analog Study of Mountain Deformation-Failure Mechanism in High Earthquake-Intensity Area[D].Chengdu University of Technology,2006
[7]李天斌.汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):742-750 Li Tianbin.Failure Characteristics and Influence Factor Analysis of Mountain Tunnels at Epicenter Zones of Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):742-750
[8]孙有为,李平,薄景山,等.汶川特大地震龙溪隧道震害与原因浅析[J].世界地震工程,2010,(S1):187-19 Sun Youwei,Li Ping,Bo Jingshan,et al.Analysis of Damage and Cause on Longxi Tunnel in Great Wenchuan Earthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,(S1):187-19
[9]冯谦,黄江.大跨度地下结构震害特征及破坏机理探讨[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(S1):98-102 Feng Qian,Huang Jiang.Exploration of Disaster Characteristics and Damage Causes of Large Span Underground Structure[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2009,29(S1):98-102
[10]高波,王峥峥,袁松,等.汶川地震公路隧道震害启示[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):336-341,374 Gao Bo,Wang Zhengzheng,Yuan Song,et al.Lessons Learnt from Damage of Highway Tunnels in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(3):336-341,374
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