四川盆地龙泉山含油气构造浅层天然气对隧道工程危害研究
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摘要
龙泉山是具备油气生储盖组合的含油气构造,出露侏罗系和白垩系非煤系地层,有7个构造高点,节理裂隙发育,是浅层天然气有利聚集区,沙溪庙组砂岩是浅层天然气主要储层。已建达成铁路炮台山隧道和成-简快速通道龙泉山2#隧道在施工中都出现浅层天然气燃烧和爆炸现象。拟建的成洛大道东延线、成安渝高速公路和成渝客专又将以隧道方式通过龙泉山含油气构造,故研究浅层天然气对隧道危害有重要意义。通过现场8座隧道共20个钻孔天然气浓度测试,发现8座隧道均有浅层天然气显示,天然气最高浓度8.654%,最低浓度0.081%,8座隧道均受到天然气危害。研究表明,隧道所处构造位置和地层岩性是隧道受浅层天然气危害大小的主要影响因素,隧道离含油气构造高点越近,在穿越裂隙发育的地层时,其钻孔天然气浓度越高,隧道受浅层天然气危害越大。
The oil and gas structures at Longquan Mountains have the full combination including generation,reservoir and cap rock. The Jurassic and Cretaceous are non-coal strata. There are seven structural heights and jointed fracture zones which are favorable to gather shallow gas. The sandstone of Shaximiao formation is the primary reservoir of the shallow gas. It is so easy to generate engineering accidents when tunneling across the layer.The tunneling would be harmed by enriched shallow gas. There are three lines including the east extension of Cheng-Luo highway,the Cheng-An-Yu expressway and the Cheng-Yu railway. The analyses of gas concentrations that come from twenty drillings of eight tunnels show that the eight tunnels have gas presence. The highest gas concentration is 8. 654% and the lowest gas concentration is 0. 081%,which reveal that the eight tunnels have been affected by the gas. The present study has found that the main influencing factors of the tunnels are structure location and rock properties. Tunneling would be harmed when it is near the high point of oil and gas structures orpasses the fractured formations with high concentration gas.
The oil and gas structures at Longquan Mountains have the full combination including generation,reservoir and cap rock. The Jurassic and Cretaceous are non-coal strata. There are seven structural heights and jointed fracture zones which are favorable to gather shallow gas. The sandstone of Shaximiao formation is the primary reservoir of the shallow gas. It is so easy to generate engineering accidents when tunneling across the layer.The tunneling would be harmed by enriched shallow gas. There are three lines including the east extension of Cheng-Luo highway,the Cheng-An-Yu expressway and the Cheng-Yu railway. The analyses of gas concentrations that come from twenty drillings of eight tunnels show that the eight tunnels have gas presence. The highest gas concentration is 8. 654% and the lowest gas concentration is 0. 081%,which reveal that the eight tunnels have been affected by the gas. The present study has found that the main influencing factors of the tunnels are structure location and rock properties. Tunneling would be harmed when it is near the high point of oil and gas structures orpasses the fractured formations with high concentration gas.
引文
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[2]闫光明.应加强对非煤系地层中瓦斯的防治[J].铁道建筑技术,1994,11(5):44.Yan Guangming.Strengthen prevention of the gas in non-coal strata[J].Railway Construction Technology,1994,11(5):44.
[3]卞国忠.炮台山隧道天然气的地质条件[J].科学技术通讯,1995,(1):1~4.Bian Guozhong.Geological conditions of gas in Paotaishan tunnel[J].Communications of Science and Technology,1995,(1):1~4.
[4]苏培东,李作兵,范晓丽,等.成-简一级公路龙泉山隧道浅层天然气检测研究[J].现代隧道技术,2009,46(4):52~57.Su Peidong,Li Zuobing,Fan Xiaoli,et al.Study on shallow gas detection for Longquanshan tunnels in Chengdu-Jian first class highway[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2009,46(4):52~57.
[5]白永生,姚旭君.成简快速路龙泉山2#高瓦斯隧道地质预报存在的问题与对策[J].四川水力发电,2010,29(增1):3~4.Bai Yongsheng,Yao Xujun.Study on question and countermeasure of Longquanshan 2#high gas tunnels in Chengjian first class highway[J].Sichuan Water Power,2010,29(S1):3~4.
[6]Wheeler S J,Sills G C,et al.Influence of shallow gas on the geotechnical properties of fine-grained sediments[J].Underwater Technology,1991,17(3):11~16.
[7]Sills G C,Gonzalez R.Consolidation of naturally gassy soft soil[J].Géotechnique,2001,57(1):629~639.
[8]孔令伟,郭爱国,陈守义,等.浅层天然气井喷对地层的损伤影响与桩基工程危害分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2004,24(4):375~381.Kong Lingwei,Guo Aiguo,Chen Shouyi,et al.Influence of shallow natural gas blowout on stratum damage and hazard analysis of pile foundation[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2004,24(4):375~381.
[9]孔令伟,钟方杰,郭爱国,等.杭州湾浅层储气砂土应力路径试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(8):2209~2214.Kong Lingwei,Zhong Fangjie,Guo Aiguo,et al.Experimental study of stress path of shallow gassy sand of Hangzhou bay[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(8):2209~2214.
[10]王勇,孔令伟,郭爱国,等.含浅层气砂土的赋存特征及其非饱和参数预测[J].岩土力学,2011,32(7):1945~1950.Wang Yong,Kong Lingwei,Guo Aiguo,et al.Occurrence characteristics and unsaturated parameters prediction of shallow gassy sand[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(7):1945~1950.
[11]王勇,孔令伟,郭爱国,等.杭州地铁储气砂土的渗气性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(3):815~819.Wang Yong,Kong Lingwei,Guo Aiguo,et al.Experimental research on gas permeability of shallow gassy sand in Hangzhou Metro project[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(3):815~819.
[12]王勇,孔令伟,郭爱国.有控放气措施下含浅层气地层的一维变形分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增1):241~246.Wang Yong,Kong Lingwei,Guo Aiguo.Analysis of onedimensional deformation of shallow gassy stratum caused by controlling gas release[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(S1):241~246.
[13]王勇,孔令伟,郭爱国,等.浅层气地层对地铁隧道稳定性影响模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3423~3429.Wang Yong,Kong Lingwei,Guo Aiguo,et al.Model test research on influences of shallow gas stratum on stability of metro tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3423~3429.
[14]朱瑶宏,黄燕庆,曾洪贤,等.杭州湾大桥南岸工程地质特征与浅层气分布[J].岩土力学,2002,23(增1):215~219.Zhu Yaohong,Huang Yanqing,Zeng Hongxian,et al.Engineering geological features and shallow gas distribution in south bank of Hangzhou bay bridge[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(S1):215~219.
[15]项培林,成利民,王如金.浙江省三北浅滩浅层天然气地质灾害[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2005,16(2):38~42.Xiang Peilin,Cheng Limin,Wang Rujin.The geological disasters of natural gas in the shallow bottomland of Sanbei riffle in Zhejiang province[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2005,16(2):38~42.
[16]胡新国.浅层天然气对土体工程的影响[J].岩土工程界,2003,6(2):39~41.Hu Xinguo.Research on influence of shallow gas on soil character[J].Geological Exploration for Non-ferous Meatals,2003,6(2):39~41.
[17]陈卫.长江沿岸某区浅层天然气特征及其对工程建设的影响[J].桂林工学院学报,2006,26(2):181~183.Chen Wei.Character and effect on the engineering construction of shallow layer natural gas in an area of Yangtze river coastwise[J].Journal of Guilin University of Technology,2006,26(2):181~183.
[18]康小兵.非煤系地层瓦斯隧道形成机制研究[J].现代隧道技术,2011,48(3):35~39.Kang Xiaobing.Formation mechanism of gases in tunnels embedded in non-coal strata[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2011,48(3):35~39.
[19]刘杨,姚海波.天然气高瓦斯山岭隧道地质灾害的特点与预报[J].铁道工程学报,2011,(3):69~71.Liu Yang,Yao Haibo.Characteristcs and prediction of geological disaster of high gas mountain tunnel[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2011,(3):69~71.
[20]郝俊锁.兰渝铁路梅岭关隧道地质特征与有害气体防治的探讨[J].隧道建设,2011,31(5):550~554.Hao Junsuo.Geological characteristics and noxious gas control:Case study on Meilingguan tunnel on Lanzhou-Chongqing railway[J].Tunnel Construction,2011,31(5):550~554.
[21]苏培东,阳旭东,王茂清.兰渝铁路广南段浅层天然气对隧道影响研究[J].路基工程,2009,(2):48~49.Su Peidong,Yang Xudong,Wang Maoqing.Research on impact of shallow natural gas on tunnel in Guangyuan-Nanchong sectionon,Lanzhou-Chongqing railway[J].Subgrade Engineering,2009,(2):48~49.
[22]苏培东,李作兵,范晓丽.兰渝铁路梅岭关隧道浅层天然气预测研究[J].路基工程,2011,(1):28~30.Su Peidong,Li Zuobing,Fan Xiaoli.Prediction and study of shallow reservoired natural gas in Meilingguan tunnel of LanzhouChongqing railway[J].Subgrade Engineering,2011,(1):28~30.
[23]郭正吾,邓康龄,韩永辉,等.四川盆地形成与演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.Guo Zhengwu,Den Kangling,Han Yonghui,et al.Sichuan Basin formation and evolution[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996.
[24]汪泽成,赵文智,张林,等.四川盆地构造层序与天然气勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.Wang Zecheng,Zhao Wenzhi,Zhang Lin,et al.Sichuan Basin tectonic sequence and natural gas exploration[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing house,2002.
[25]刘杰.基于地震数据分析的龙门山前陆盆地海相地层构造研究[硕士学位论文][D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.Liu Jie.The Study of Marine Layers Structure in Longmenshan Foreland Basin based on the seismic data[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011.
[26]李耀华,陈更生,张健,等.川西前陆盆地天然气成藏条件及勘探前景[J].中国石油勘探,2002,7(1):34~45.Li Yaohua,Chen Gengsheng,Zhang Jian,et al.Natural gas pool forming conditions and exploration prospect of the foreland basin in west Sichuan[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2002,7(1):34~45.
[27]吴世祥,江泽成,张林.川西侏罗系成藏主控因素及分类[J].天然气工业,2001,21(4):20~23.Wu Shixiang,Jiang Zecheng,Zhang Lin.Gas pool types and dominating pool formation factors of Jurassic system in Western Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2001,21(4):20~23.
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