大地电磁测深法在高原特长隧道勘查中应用研究
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摘要
针对高原地区高寒、高海拔、特长深埋隧道的综合勘探技术研究,是我国公路隧道勘察中近年来研究的热点和难点,传统钻探及调绘等手段在高原隧道勘察中具有很大的局限性,采用新的技术手段是提升高原隧道综合勘察水平的重要因素.本文通过对世界上海拔最高的特长隧道雀儿山隧道(最高海拔超过5000m,工程地质条件极其复杂,次级断裂发育,岩体为花岗岩体,采用传统地质手段对构造识别困难)采用高频大地电磁测深法进行构造、岩性的勘察,分别从高频大地电磁方法的采集手段、静态校正、反演方法等关键技术问题进行分析,结合钻探及地质调绘资料,认为高频大地电磁法可以在宏观上查明深埋隧道地层岩性分界、地质构造及其赋水性,为钻孔布置及隧道设计、施工提供地球物理依据,在高原地区深埋隧道勘查中能起到理想的效果,值得作为一种有效方法进行推广.
Study on technology of comprehensive exploration on the Super-long and Deep Tunnels in High Attitude and Cold Zones,which is one of priority and hotspot issue in our investigation and research in recent years.The traditional drilling and engineering geology survey methods have limitation in the plateau tunnel exploration,by adopting new technology is an important factor to improve the level of comprehensive survey of tunnel in Plateau.QueErShan tunnel more than 5000 meters above sea level,a lot of secondary fault,Mainly for the granite tunnel,the structure identification difficult only base on the traditional geological means,using the high frequency magnetotelluric method applied to QueErShan tunnel,by drilling and Geological Survey contrast,The key problem of the acquisition method,static effect,Inversion Method also have been analyses,respectively.It is recognized that high-frequency magnetotelluric method can identify the lithology,geological structure and the Water content of rock at the macro level,and provide geophysical basis for the tunnel layout and tunnel design and construction.This method is a good method survey of deeply-buried long highway tunnels.t is worth as an effective method of promotion.
Study on technology of comprehensive exploration on the Super-long and Deep Tunnels in High Attitude and Cold Zones,which is one of priority and hotspot issue in our investigation and research in recent years.The traditional drilling and engineering geology survey methods have limitation in the plateau tunnel exploration,by adopting new technology is an important factor to improve the level of comprehensive survey of tunnel in Plateau.QueErShan tunnel more than 5000 meters above sea level,a lot of secondary fault,Mainly for the granite tunnel,the structure identification difficult only base on the traditional geological means,using the high frequency magnetotelluric method applied to QueErShan tunnel,by drilling and Geological Survey contrast,The key problem of the acquisition method,static effect,Inversion Method also have been analyses,respectively.It is recognized that high-frequency magnetotelluric method can identify the lithology,geological structure and the Water content of rock at the macro level,and provide geophysical basis for the tunnel layout and tunnel design and construction.This method is a good method survey of deeply-buried long highway tunnels.t is worth as an effective method of promotion.
引文
Cagniard L.1953.Basic theory of the magneto-telluric method ofgeophysical prospecting[J].Geophysics,18(3):605-635.
DeGroot-Hedlin C,Constable S.1990.Occam’s inversion togenerate smooth,two-dimensional models from magnetotelluricdata[J].Geophysics,55(12):1613-1624.
Egbert G D.1997.Robust multiple-station magnetotelluric dataprocessing[J].Geophys.J.Int.,130(2):475-496.
Farquharsou C G,C.Torres,et al.2001.Three-dimensionalelectromagnetic modeling using the extende born approximation[J].
Goldstein M A.1971.Magnetotelluric experiments employing anartificial dipole source[D].University of Toronto.
Goldstein M A,Strangway D W.1975.Audio-frequencymagnetotellurics with a grounded electric dipole source[J].Geophysics,40(4):669-683.
Kunetz G.1972.Processing and interpretation of magnetotelluricsoundings[J].Geophysics,37(6):1005-1021.
Mackie R L,Madden T R,Wannamaker P E.1993.Threedimensional magnetotelluric modeling using differenceequations-theory and comparisons to integral equation solutions[J].Geophysics,58(2):215-226.
Marquis G,Hyndman R D.1992.Geophysical support for aqueousfluids in the deep crust:seismic and electrical relationships[J].Geophysical Journal International,110(1):91-105.
McNeice G W,Jones A G.2001.Multisite,multifrequency tensordecomposition of magnetotelluric data[J].Geophysics,66(1):158-173.
Newman G A,Alumbaugh D L.2000.Three-dimensionalmagnetotelluric inversion using non-linear conjugate gradients[J].Geophysics Journal International,140(2):410-424.
Rodi W,Mackie R L.2001.Nonlinear conjugate gradientsalgorithm for 2-D magnetotelluric inversion[J].Geophysics,66(1):174-187.
Sasaki Y.1989.Migration of magnetotelluric data by the phase-shiftmethod[J].Geophysics Prospecting,42:177-185.
Siripunvaraporn W,Egbert G.2000.An efficient data-subspaceinversion method for 2-D magnetotelluric data[J].Geophysics,65(3):791-803.
Smith J T,Booker J R.1991.Rapid inversion of two-and threedimensional magnetotelluric data[J].J.Geophys.Res.,96(B3):3905-3922.
Vozoff K.1972.The magnetotelluric method in the exploration ofsedimentary basins[J],Geophysics,37(1):98-141.
Wei W B,Unsworth M,Jones A,et al.2001.Detection ofwidespread fluids in the Tibetan crust by magnetotelluric studies[J].Science,292(5517):716-719.
Xiao Q B,Cai X P,Liang G H,et al.2011.Application of 2Dmagnetotelluric methods in a geological complex area,Xinjiang,China[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,75(1):19-30.
Yee E,Paulson K V.1987.The canonical decomposition and itsrelationship to the other forms of magnetotelluric impedancetensor analysis[J].Journal of Geophysics,61(3):173-189.
曹辉,何兰芳,何展翔,等.2001.高频电磁测深在地下热水勘探中的应用[J].Applied Geophysics,3(4):248-254.
陈清礼,胡文宝,李金铭,等.1999.利用地表电阻率校正大地电磁静态偏移[J].物探与化探,23(4):289-295.
陈仲侯,王兴泰,杜世汉.1999.工程与环境物探教程[M].北京:地质出版社.
邓志钢,薛军平,潘继敏,等.2013.HMT法探测花岗岩差异风化的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,28(4):2186-2192.
董浩,魏文博,叶高峰,等.2012.大地电磁测深二维反演方法求解复杂电性结构问题的适应性研究[J].地球物理学报,55(12):4003-4014.
董树文,李廷栋,陈宣华,等.2012.我国深部探测技术与实验研究进展综述[J].地球物理学报,55(12):3884-3901.
郭新红,邱崇涛,杨明.2013.音频大地电磁测深法在新疆阿尔玛勒煤矿采空区勘查中的应用[J].物探与化探,37(2):373-376.
何继善,等.1990.可控源音频大地电磁法[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社.
化希瑞,汤井田,朱正国,等.2008.EH-4系统的数据二次处理技术及应用[J].地球物理学进展,23(4):1261-1268.
考夫曼A A,凯勒G V.1987.频率域和时间域电磁测深[M].王建谋译.北京:地质出版社.
李墩柱,黄清华,陈小斌.2009.误差对大地电磁测深反演的影响[J].地球物理学报,52(1):268-274.
刘国栋,陈乐寿.1984.大地电磁测深法研究[M].北京:地震出版社.
罗延钟,何展翔,马瑞伍,等.1991.可控源音频大地电磁法的静态效应校正[J].物探与化探,15(3):196-202.
苗景春,阮帅,张悦.2013.音频大地电磁测深法对正、逆断层的精细解释[J].物探与化探,37(4):681-686.
宋守根,汤井田,何继善.1995.小波分析与电磁测深中静态效应的识别、分离及压制[J].地球物理学报,38(1):120-128.
孙英勋.2005.CSAMT法在高速公路长大深埋隧道勘察中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,20(4):1184-1189.
汤井田,李晋,肖晓,等.2012.数学形态滤波与大地电磁噪声压制[J].地球物理学报,55(5):1784-1793.
王辉,叶高峰,魏文博,等.2013.大地电磁测深中大地电场的高精度采集技术[J].地球物理学进展,28(3):1199-1207.
王家映.1997.我国大地电磁测深研究新进展[J].地球物理学报,40(S1):206-216.
王桥,万汉平,王闻文,等.2012.综合物探方法在铝土矿勘查中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,27(2):709-714.
魏文博.2002.我国大地电磁测深新进展及瞻望[J].地球物理学进展,17(2):245-254.
魏文博,金胜,叶高峰,等.2006.藏北高原地壳及上地幔导电性结构-超宽频带大地电磁测深研究结果[J].地球物理学报,49(4):1215-1225.
魏文博,金胜,叶高峰,等.2009.藏南岩石圈导电性结构与流变性-超宽频带大地电磁测深研究结果[J].2001.中国科学(D辑):地球科学,39(11):1591-1606.
翁爱华,刘云鹤,贾定宇,等.2012.地面可控源频率测深三维非线性共轭梯度反演[J].地球物理学报,55(10):3506-3515.
杨生,鲍光淑,李爱勇.2002.2013.MT法中静态效应及阻抗张量静态校正法[J].中南工业大学学报,33(1):8-13.
叶高峰,王辉,郭泽秋,等.2013.长周期大地电磁测深数据采集及处理技术[J].地球物理学进展,28(3):1219-1226
叶涛,陈小斌,严良俊.2013.大地电磁资料精细处理和二维反演解释技术研究(三)——构建二维反演初始模型的印模法[J].地球物理学报,56(10):3596-3606.
曾昭发,李文奔,李静,等.2013.辽宁兴城钓鱼台——朝阳娘娘庙地区大地电磁探测及地质意义研究[J].地球物理学进展,28(5):2475-2484.
张亮国,徐义贤,王云安.2004.高密度电法在沪蓉高速公路勘察中的应用[J].岩土工程技术,18(4):187-190.
赵国泽,陈小斌,汤吉.2007.中国地球电磁法新进展和发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,22(4):1171-1180.
赵虎,王玲辉,李瑞.2008.综合电法在深埋长隧道勘查中的应用研究[J].勘察科学技术,(2):61-64.
DeGroot-Hedlin C,Constable S.1990.Occam’s inversion togenerate smooth,two-dimensional models from magnetotelluricdata[J].Geophysics,55(12):1613-1624.
Egbert G D.1997.Robust multiple-station magnetotelluric dataprocessing[J].Geophys.J.Int.,130(2):475-496.
Farquharsou C G,C.Torres,et al.2001.Three-dimensionalelectromagnetic modeling using the extende born approximation[J].
Goldstein M A.1971.Magnetotelluric experiments employing anartificial dipole source[D].University of Toronto.
Goldstein M A,Strangway D W.1975.Audio-frequencymagnetotellurics with a grounded electric dipole source[J].Geophysics,40(4):669-683.
Kunetz G.1972.Processing and interpretation of magnetotelluricsoundings[J].Geophysics,37(6):1005-1021.
Mackie R L,Madden T R,Wannamaker P E.1993.Threedimensional magnetotelluric modeling using differenceequations-theory and comparisons to integral equation solutions[J].Geophysics,58(2):215-226.
Marquis G,Hyndman R D.1992.Geophysical support for aqueousfluids in the deep crust:seismic and electrical relationships[J].Geophysical Journal International,110(1):91-105.
McNeice G W,Jones A G.2001.Multisite,multifrequency tensordecomposition of magnetotelluric data[J].Geophysics,66(1):158-173.
Newman G A,Alumbaugh D L.2000.Three-dimensionalmagnetotelluric inversion using non-linear conjugate gradients[J].Geophysics Journal International,140(2):410-424.
Rodi W,Mackie R L.2001.Nonlinear conjugate gradientsalgorithm for 2-D magnetotelluric inversion[J].Geophysics,66(1):174-187.
Sasaki Y.1989.Migration of magnetotelluric data by the phase-shiftmethod[J].Geophysics Prospecting,42:177-185.
Siripunvaraporn W,Egbert G.2000.An efficient data-subspaceinversion method for 2-D magnetotelluric data[J].Geophysics,65(3):791-803.
Smith J T,Booker J R.1991.Rapid inversion of two-and threedimensional magnetotelluric data[J].J.Geophys.Res.,96(B3):3905-3922.
Vozoff K.1972.The magnetotelluric method in the exploration ofsedimentary basins[J],Geophysics,37(1):98-141.
Wei W B,Unsworth M,Jones A,et al.2001.Detection ofwidespread fluids in the Tibetan crust by magnetotelluric studies[J].Science,292(5517):716-719.
Xiao Q B,Cai X P,Liang G H,et al.2011.Application of 2Dmagnetotelluric methods in a geological complex area,Xinjiang,China[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,75(1):19-30.
Yee E,Paulson K V.1987.The canonical decomposition and itsrelationship to the other forms of magnetotelluric impedancetensor analysis[J].Journal of Geophysics,61(3):173-189.
曹辉,何兰芳,何展翔,等.2001.高频电磁测深在地下热水勘探中的应用[J].Applied Geophysics,3(4):248-254.
陈清礼,胡文宝,李金铭,等.1999.利用地表电阻率校正大地电磁静态偏移[J].物探与化探,23(4):289-295.
陈仲侯,王兴泰,杜世汉.1999.工程与环境物探教程[M].北京:地质出版社.
邓志钢,薛军平,潘继敏,等.2013.HMT法探测花岗岩差异风化的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,28(4):2186-2192.
董浩,魏文博,叶高峰,等.2012.大地电磁测深二维反演方法求解复杂电性结构问题的适应性研究[J].地球物理学报,55(12):4003-4014.
董树文,李廷栋,陈宣华,等.2012.我国深部探测技术与实验研究进展综述[J].地球物理学报,55(12):3884-3901.
郭新红,邱崇涛,杨明.2013.音频大地电磁测深法在新疆阿尔玛勒煤矿采空区勘查中的应用[J].物探与化探,37(2):373-376.
何继善,等.1990.可控源音频大地电磁法[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社.
化希瑞,汤井田,朱正国,等.2008.EH-4系统的数据二次处理技术及应用[J].地球物理学进展,23(4):1261-1268.
考夫曼A A,凯勒G V.1987.频率域和时间域电磁测深[M].王建谋译.北京:地质出版社.
李墩柱,黄清华,陈小斌.2009.误差对大地电磁测深反演的影响[J].地球物理学报,52(1):268-274.
刘国栋,陈乐寿.1984.大地电磁测深法研究[M].北京:地震出版社.
罗延钟,何展翔,马瑞伍,等.1991.可控源音频大地电磁法的静态效应校正[J].物探与化探,15(3):196-202.
苗景春,阮帅,张悦.2013.音频大地电磁测深法对正、逆断层的精细解释[J].物探与化探,37(4):681-686.
宋守根,汤井田,何继善.1995.小波分析与电磁测深中静态效应的识别、分离及压制[J].地球物理学报,38(1):120-128.
孙英勋.2005.CSAMT法在高速公路长大深埋隧道勘察中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,20(4):1184-1189.
汤井田,李晋,肖晓,等.2012.数学形态滤波与大地电磁噪声压制[J].地球物理学报,55(5):1784-1793.
王辉,叶高峰,魏文博,等.2013.大地电磁测深中大地电场的高精度采集技术[J].地球物理学进展,28(3):1199-1207.
王家映.1997.我国大地电磁测深研究新进展[J].地球物理学报,40(S1):206-216.
王桥,万汉平,王闻文,等.2012.综合物探方法在铝土矿勘查中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,27(2):709-714.
魏文博.2002.我国大地电磁测深新进展及瞻望[J].地球物理学进展,17(2):245-254.
魏文博,金胜,叶高峰,等.2006.藏北高原地壳及上地幔导电性结构-超宽频带大地电磁测深研究结果[J].地球物理学报,49(4):1215-1225.
魏文博,金胜,叶高峰,等.2009.藏南岩石圈导电性结构与流变性-超宽频带大地电磁测深研究结果[J].2001.中国科学(D辑):地球科学,39(11):1591-1606.
翁爱华,刘云鹤,贾定宇,等.2012.地面可控源频率测深三维非线性共轭梯度反演[J].地球物理学报,55(10):3506-3515.
杨生,鲍光淑,李爱勇.2002.2013.MT法中静态效应及阻抗张量静态校正法[J].中南工业大学学报,33(1):8-13.
叶高峰,王辉,郭泽秋,等.2013.长周期大地电磁测深数据采集及处理技术[J].地球物理学进展,28(3):1219-1226
叶涛,陈小斌,严良俊.2013.大地电磁资料精细处理和二维反演解释技术研究(三)——构建二维反演初始模型的印模法[J].地球物理学报,56(10):3596-3606.
曾昭发,李文奔,李静,等.2013.辽宁兴城钓鱼台——朝阳娘娘庙地区大地电磁探测及地质意义研究[J].地球物理学进展,28(5):2475-2484.
张亮国,徐义贤,王云安.2004.高密度电法在沪蓉高速公路勘察中的应用[J].岩土工程技术,18(4):187-190.
赵国泽,陈小斌,汤吉.2007.中国地球电磁法新进展和发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,22(4):1171-1180.
赵虎,王玲辉,李瑞.2008.综合电法在深埋长隧道勘查中的应用研究[J].勘察科学技术,(2):61-64.
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