桥梁桩柱式基础低应变法检测适宜性分析及现场试验
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摘要
根据圣维南原理分析瞬态激振后,桩柱式基础桩身内应力波特征。认为盖梁顶部激振、基桩顶面和墩柱结合部激振时,应力波在桩身内仍可满足平截面假定。提出桩身内应力波是否为平面波的判别方法,设计并完成2组现场试验。盖梁顶部激振时,应力波同步到达同一桩身横截面侧壁各拾振区,且计算得到的横截面中心处首波波峰与侧壁处首波波峰到达时刻基本一致,满足低应变法中平截面成立的条件。而基桩和墩柱结合部激振试验则表明,在远离系梁的拾振横截面内,应力波才可认为同步到达各拾振区,且计算得到的拾振横截面中心处首波波峰与侧壁处首波波峰到达时刻基本一致。故对于基桩和墩柱结合部激振激振的情形,远离系梁的桩身内平截面假定才可成立。
The propagation of stress waves in a pile-column system was analyzed using the elasticity theory and was verified by in situ experimentation.This study first analyses the propagation of a semi-spherical stress wave after transient shock in a column-pile system according to the SaintVenant principle.The results indicate that the stress wave caused by shock on top of the bent cap or on a combined section of pile and column can still satisfy the plane section.A method is introduced to verify this assumption in which shock is applied to a certain point in a pile-column system,and the peak time of the stress wave is collected in the same section by conducting a multichannel equipment.If the difference of each peak time is less than a certain value,it can be concluded that the wave propagation is unanimous and satisfies the plane section.Two groups of in situ tests were performed on a pile-column system in which shock was applied to the top of the bent cap and to a combined section of pile and column.Stress waves were collected on the section at the top of the column,the combined section of pile and column,and the pile section under the tie beam.When shock was applied to the top of the bent cap,the wave velocity value was in a common range,and the stress waves reached the outer edge of the pile section synchronously.It was considered that the stress wave reached the center of the same section at the same time by calculating the difference in peak time of the stress wave at the outer edge and at center of the section.Thus,it was concluded that the plane section can be applied in such a mode.However,this conclusion is not completely valid when the stress wave in the pile is caused by shock on the combined section of the pile.In the pile section near the tie beam,the value of the peak time of the stress wave in each channel varied;therefore,the stress wave did not reach the center of the section at the same time.However,in the pile section slightly far from the shock point,the value of the peak time of the stress wave in each channel was reached at nearly the same time.The propagation of stress waves were transform to uniformity,thus for the mode of shock on the combined section,the plane section can be applied to the surface at a distance from the shock point.
The propagation of stress waves in a pile-column system was analyzed using the elasticity theory and was verified by in situ experimentation.This study first analyses the propagation of a semi-spherical stress wave after transient shock in a column-pile system according to the SaintVenant principle.The results indicate that the stress wave caused by shock on top of the bent cap or on a combined section of pile and column can still satisfy the plane section.A method is introduced to verify this assumption in which shock is applied to a certain point in a pile-column system,and the peak time of the stress wave is collected in the same section by conducting a multichannel equipment.If the difference of each peak time is less than a certain value,it can be concluded that the wave propagation is unanimous and satisfies the plane section.Two groups of in situ tests were performed on a pile-column system in which shock was applied to the top of the bent cap and to a combined section of pile and column.Stress waves were collected on the section at the top of the column,the combined section of pile and column,and the pile section under the tie beam.When shock was applied to the top of the bent cap,the wave velocity value was in a common range,and the stress waves reached the outer edge of the pile section synchronously.It was considered that the stress wave reached the center of the same section at the same time by calculating the difference in peak time of the stress wave at the outer edge and at center of the section.Thus,it was concluded that the plane section can be applied in such a mode.However,this conclusion is not completely valid when the stress wave in the pile is caused by shock on the combined section of the pile.In the pile section near the tie beam,the value of the peak time of the stress wave in each channel varied;therefore,the stress wave did not reach the center of the section at the same time.However,in the pile section slightly far from the shock point,the value of the peak time of the stress wave in each channel was reached at nearly the same time.The propagation of stress waves were transform to uniformity,thus for the mode of shock on the combined section,the plane section can be applied to the surface at a distance from the shock point.
引文
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[8]马晔,张理轻,杨宇.在役桥梁桩基础低应变反射波法检测试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(S1):216-220.MA Ye,ZHANG Li-qing,YANG Yu.Experimental Research on Detection of Existing Bridge Pile by Low Reflected Strain Wave Method[J].Chines Journal of World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(S1):216-220.(in Chinese)
[9]邵帅.在役高桩梁板式码头桩基完整性快速无损检定方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2011.SHAO Shuai.Research on Fast and Non-destructive Methods of Pile Integrity of Inservice High-piled Beam-slab Wharf[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2011.(in Chinese)
[10]彭志豪.高桩码头在役桩基完整性检测方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2009.PENG Zhi-hao.The Integrity Testing Methods Research on The Working Piles of High-piled Wharf[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2009.(in Chinese)
[11]季勇志.基于三维导波理论的码头桩基无损检测方法的数值模拟研究[D].天津:天津大学,2010.JI Yong-zhi.Numerical Research of Wharf Pile Foundation Non-destructive Test Method Based on 3DGuided-wave Theory[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2010.(in Chinese)
[12]张敬一,陈龙珠,高飞.基于小波变换的侧面激振法对在役基桩检测[J].桂林理工大学学报,2012,32(3):430-434.ZHANG Jing-yi,CHEN Long-zhu,GAO Fei.Pile Side Excitation Integrity Testing for Existing Foundation Based on Wavelet Transform[J].Chines Journal of Guilin University of Technology,2012,32(3):430-434.(in Chinese)
[13]张敬一,陈龙珠,马晔,等.在役基桩检测方法的数值模拟研究[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(21):92-96.ZHANG Jing-yi,CHEN Long-zhu,MA Ye,et al.Numerical Simulation for Testing Method of Existing Piles[J].Chines Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(21):92-96.(in Chinese)
[14]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1983.XU Zhi-lun.A Brief Course for Elastic Mechanics(Second Edtion)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1983.(in Chinese)
[15]吴庆曾.基桩声测与动测技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009.WU Qing-zeng.Technology For Pile Integrity Testing by Ultrasonic and Low/high Strain Methods[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[2]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.公路工程基桩动测技术规程(JTG/T F81-01-2004)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People s Republic of China.Technical Specification of Dynamic Pile Tests for Highway engineering(JTG/T F81-01-2004)[S].Beijing:Peoples Communications Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[3]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.港口工程桩基动力检测规程(JTJ249-2001)[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People s Republic of China.Specification for Dynamic Testing of Piles in Port Engineering(JTJ249-2001)[S].Beijing:Peoples Communications Press,2001.(in Chinese)
[4]陈凡,王仁军.尺寸效应对基桩低应变完整性检测的影响[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(5):92-96.CHEN Fan,WANG Ren-jun.Dimension Effect on Low Strain Integrity Testing of Piles[J].Chines Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1998,20(5):92-96.(in Chinese)
[5]陈凡,徐天平,陈久照,等.基桩质量检测技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.CHEN Fan,XU Tian-ping,CHEN Jiu-zhao,et al.Technology for Pile Integrity Testing[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[6]柴华友,刘明贵,白世伟,等.应力波在承台—桩系统中传播数值分析[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(5):624-628.CHAI Hua-you,LIU Ming-gui,BAI Shi-wei,et al.Numerical Analysis of Wave Propagation in Platform-pile System[J].Chines Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(5):624-628.(in Chinese)
[7]柴华友,刘明贵,李祺,等.应力波在平台—桩系统中传播的实验研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(4):459-464.CHAI Hua-you,LIU Ming-gui,LI Qi,et al.Propagation of Stress Waves in a Plate-pile System:Experimental Studies[J].Chines Journal of Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(4):459-464.(in Chinese)
[8]马晔,张理轻,杨宇.在役桥梁桩基础低应变反射波法检测试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(S1):216-220.MA Ye,ZHANG Li-qing,YANG Yu.Experimental Research on Detection of Existing Bridge Pile by Low Reflected Strain Wave Method[J].Chines Journal of World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(S1):216-220.(in Chinese)
[9]邵帅.在役高桩梁板式码头桩基完整性快速无损检定方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2011.SHAO Shuai.Research on Fast and Non-destructive Methods of Pile Integrity of Inservice High-piled Beam-slab Wharf[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2011.(in Chinese)
[10]彭志豪.高桩码头在役桩基完整性检测方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2009.PENG Zhi-hao.The Integrity Testing Methods Research on The Working Piles of High-piled Wharf[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2009.(in Chinese)
[11]季勇志.基于三维导波理论的码头桩基无损检测方法的数值模拟研究[D].天津:天津大学,2010.JI Yong-zhi.Numerical Research of Wharf Pile Foundation Non-destructive Test Method Based on 3DGuided-wave Theory[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2010.(in Chinese)
[12]张敬一,陈龙珠,高飞.基于小波变换的侧面激振法对在役基桩检测[J].桂林理工大学学报,2012,32(3):430-434.ZHANG Jing-yi,CHEN Long-zhu,GAO Fei.Pile Side Excitation Integrity Testing for Existing Foundation Based on Wavelet Transform[J].Chines Journal of Guilin University of Technology,2012,32(3):430-434.(in Chinese)
[13]张敬一,陈龙珠,马晔,等.在役基桩检测方法的数值模拟研究[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(21):92-96.ZHANG Jing-yi,CHEN Long-zhu,MA Ye,et al.Numerical Simulation for Testing Method of Existing Piles[J].Chines Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(21):92-96.(in Chinese)
[14]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1983.XU Zhi-lun.A Brief Course for Elastic Mechanics(Second Edtion)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1983.(in Chinese)
[15]吴庆曾.基桩声测与动测技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009.WU Qing-zeng.Technology For Pile Integrity Testing by Ultrasonic and Low/high Strain Methods[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2009.(in Chinese)
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