基于全寿命周期的桥梁结构抗震性能评价与设计方法研究进展
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摘要
为了促进桥梁结构全寿命抗震设计研究在中国的发展,详细论述并总结了基于全寿命周期的桥梁结构抗震性能评价与设计方法在国内外的研究进展,同时建立了其研究体系的基本框架。首先介绍了钢筋混凝土桥梁结构在其全寿命周期内遭受以氯离子腐蚀作用为主的环境作用分析模型的研究成果,在此基础上着重介绍了以桥梁结构地震易损性分析方法为代表的抗震性能评价方法与地震损失成本评估方法的研究进展,最后论述了基于全寿命成本分析的桥梁结构抗震优化设计方法研究现状。研究结果表明:基于全寿命周期的抗震性能评价和设计方法能够合理地解决传统抗震设计方法中未考虑结构抗震性能退化的问题,对于桥梁抗震工程领域的发展具有重要意义。
To improve the development of life-cycle based bridge structural seismic design method in China,the research progress in life-cycle based bridge structural seismic performance evaluation and design method was summarized and the research system framework was set up.First of all,the researches on analytical models concerning the environmental effect,especially the chloride ions corrosion effect,for the reinforced concrete bridge structures during their life cycles were summarized. Moreover,the bridge structural seismic performance evaluation methods,represented by the seismic fragility analysis method,as well as the earthquake damage loss assessment methods were introduced specifically.Finally,the research status of life-cycle cost analysis based bridge structural seismic optimum design method was discussed.The results indicate that the neglect of the seismic performance degradation in the traditional seismic design method can be well considered through the life-cycle based seismic performance evaluation and design method,which is of great significance for the development of the bridge structural seismic engineering.
To improve the development of life-cycle based bridge structural seismic design method in China,the research progress in life-cycle based bridge structural seismic performance evaluation and design method was summarized and the research system framework was set up.First of all,the researches on analytical models concerning the environmental effect,especially the chloride ions corrosion effect,for the reinforced concrete bridge structures during their life cycles were summarized. Moreover,the bridge structural seismic performance evaluation methods,represented by the seismic fragility analysis method,as well as the earthquake damage loss assessment methods were introduced specifically.Finally,the research status of life-cycle cost analysis based bridge structural seismic optimum design method was discussed.The results indicate that the neglect of the seismic performance degradation in the traditional seismic design method can be well considered through the life-cycle based seismic performance evaluation and design method,which is of great significance for the development of the bridge structural seismic engineering.
引文
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[6]BASOZ N I,KIREMIDJIAN A S,KING S A,et al.Statistical Analysis of Bridge Damage Data from the1994 Northridge,CA,Earthquake[J].Earthquake Spectra,1999,15(1):25-53.
[7]SHINOZUKA M,FENG M Q,LEE J,et al.Statistical Analysis of Fragility Curves[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2000,126(12):1224-1231.
[8]SIMON J,BRACCI J M,GARDONI P.Seismic Response and Fragility of Deteriorated Reinforced Concrete Bridges[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2010,136(10):1273-1281.
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[10]ALIPOUR A,SHAFEI B,SHINOZUKA M.Performance Evaluation of Deteriorating Highway Bridges Located in High Seismic Areas[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2011,16(5):597-611.
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[12]GHOSH J,PADGETT J E.Probabilistic Seismic Loss Assessment of Aging Bridges Using a Componentlevel Cost Estimation Approach[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2011,40(15):1743-1761.
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[15]邵旭东,彭建新,晏班夫.桥梁全寿命设计方法框架性研究[J].公路,2006(1):44-49.SHAO Xu-dong,PENG Jian-xin,YAN Ban-fu.Framework Research on Design Method for Bridge Life-cycle[J].Highway,2006(1):44-49.
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[19]GB 50011—2010,建筑抗震设计规范[S].GB 50011—2010,Code for Seismic Design of Buildings[S].
[20]GUTENBERG B,RICHTER C F.Frequency of Earthquakes in California[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1944,34(4):185-188.
[21]TAKAHASHI Y,KIUREGHIAN A D,ANG A H S.Life-cycle Cost Analysis Based on a Renewal Model of Earthquake Occurrences[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2004,33(7):859-880.
[22]USGS.Hazard Curve Application[DB/OL].(2014-01-27)[2014-05-08].http://geohazards.usgs.gov/hazardtool/application.php.
[23]ANDRADE C.Calculation of Chloride Diffusion Coefficients in Concrete from Ionic Migration Measurements[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1993,23(3):724-742.
[24]DuraCrete.Statistical Quantification of the Variables in the Limit State Functions:Summary[R].Gouda:European Union,2000.
[25]XI Y,BAANT Z P.Modeling Chloride Penetration in Saturated Concrete[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,1999,11(1):58-65.
[26]KONG J S,ABABNEH A N,FRANGOPOL D M,et al.Reliability Analysis of Chloride Penetration in Saturated Concrete[J].Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics,2002,17(3):302-315.
[27]ABABNEH A N,BENBOUDJEMA F,XI Y.Chloride Penetration in Nonsaturated Concrete[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2003,15(2):183-191.
[28]ALIPOUR A,SHAFEI B,SHINOZUKA M.Capacity Loss Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Bridges Located in Extreme Chloride-laden Environments[J].Structure and Infrastructure Engineering,2013,9(1):8-27.
[29]GHOSH J,PADGETT J E.Aging Considerations in the Development of Time-dependent Seismic Fragility Curves[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2010,136(12):1497-1511.
[30]YALCYN H,ERGUN M.The Prediction of Corrosion Rates of Reinforcing Steels in Concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1996,26(10):1593-1599.
[31]LIU T,WEYERS R W.Modeling the Dynamic Corrosion Process in Chloride Contaminated Concrete Structures[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1998,28(3):365-379.
[32]VU K A T,STEWART M G.Structural Reliability of Concrete Bridges Including Improved Chloride-induced Corrosion Models[J].Structural Safety,2000,22(4):313-333.
[33]DU Y G,CLARK L A,CHAN A H C.Residual Capacity of Corroded Reinforcing Bars[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,2005,57(3):135-147.
[34]EL MAADDAWY T,SOUDKI K.A Model for Prediction of Time from Corrosion Initiation to Corrosion Cracking[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2007,29(3):168-175.
[35]VIDAL T,CASTEL A,FRANCOIS R.Analyzing Crack Width to Predict Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2004,34(1):165-174.
[36]ZHANG R,CASTEL A,FRANCOIS R.Concrete Cover Cracking with Reinforcement Corrosion of RC Beam During Chloride-induced Corrosion Process[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2010,40(1):415-425.
[37]LEE K M,CHO H N,CHA C J.Life-cycle Cost-effective Optimum Design of Steel Bridges Considering Environmental Stressors[J].Engineering Structures,2006,28(9):1252-1265.
[38]彭建新,邵旭东,张建仁.气候变化、CO2排放及其对碳化腐蚀的钢筋混凝土开裂和时变可靠度的影响[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(6):74-81.PENG Jian-xin,SHAO Xu-dong,ZHANG Jian-ren.Climate Change,CO2 Emission Scenarios and Effects on Carbonation-induced Cracking and Time-dependent Reliability of Reinforced Concrete Structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(6):74-81.
[39]YAMAZAKI F,MOTOMURA H,HAMADA T.Damage Assessment of Expressway Networks in Japan Based on Seismic Monitoring[C]//WCEE.Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Auckland:WCEE,2000:1-8.
[40]HWANG H,JERNIGAN J B,LIN Y.Evaluation of Seismic Damage to Memphis Bridges and Highway Systems[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2000,5(4):322-330.
[41]SHINOZUKA M,FENG M Q,KIM H K,et al.Nonlinear Static Procedure for Fragility Curve Development[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2000,126(12):1287-1296.
[42]KARIM K R,YAMAZAKI F.Effect of Earthquake Ground Motions on Fragility Curves of Highway Bridge Piers Based on Numerical Simulation[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2001,30(12):1839-1856.
[43]MACKIE K,STOJADINOVIC B.Seismic Demands of Performance-based Design of Bridges[R].Berkeley:University of California,2003.
[44]范立础,卓卫东.桥梁延性抗震设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.FAN Li-chu,ZHUO Wei-dong.Ductility Seismic Design of Bridge[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2001.
[45]FANG C,LUNDGREN K,CHEN L,et al.Corrosion Influence on Bond in Reinforced Concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2004,34(11):2159-2167.
[46]PAN Y,AGRAWAL A K,GHOSN M.Seismic Fragility of Continuous Steel Highway Bridges in New York State[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2007,12(6):689-699.
[47]NIELSON B G,DESROCHES R.Seismic Fragility Methodology for Highway Bridges Using a Component Level Approach[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2007,36(6):823-839.
[48]MACKIE K,STOJADINOVIC B.Fragility Basis for California Highway Overpass Bridge Seismic Decision Making[R].Berkeley:University of California,2005.
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