高速铁路重力式桥墩桩基础的抗震设计及研究进展
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摘要
我国高速铁路桥梁广泛采用混凝土重力式桥墩及钻孔灌注桩基础。针对高速铁路桥梁的主要结构特征,介绍了其地震反应特点。由于高速铁路桥梁墩身横桥向刚度及截面抗力较大,导致桩基础承受的地震作用也较大,使桩基础基于强度控制的能力保护设计难于实现。通过对比AASHTO(LRFD),Eurocode 8、新西兰桥梁抗震规范及日本铁道构筑物抗震设计规范对桩基础抗震性能的要求,提出了高速铁路桥梁桩基础由能力保护设计向基于性能的抗震设计思想转化的必要性。建议应根据桥梁的重要性,对桩基础采用多级抗震设防思想,合理地利用地基土的塑性耗能作用,以减少桥墩的水平地震作用。介绍了强震下桩基础的非线性静力计算模型的最新研究进展,总结了地基土非线性的合理模拟方法。
Concrete gravity pier with bored pile foundation are widely used in high speed railway bridge in China. According to the main structural characteristics of high speed railway bridge,the characteristics of seismic response were introduced. Due to the larger transverse rigidity of pier shafts and larger cross-section resistance,seismic action of high speed railway bridge pile foundation is also bigger,so it is difficult to achieve capacity design based on intensity control. By comparing the different requirements of seismic performance for pile foundation from AASHTO(LRFD),Eurocode 8,bridge manual of transit New Zealand and seismic design standards and explanations for railway structures of Japan,it is necessary that the pile foundation of high speed railway bridge should transform from capacity design to performance-based seismic design. The ideal of multiple seismic fortifications should be adopted for pile foundation according to the importance of bridges,and plastic energy dissipation of foundation soil should be reasonably used in order to reduce horizontal earthquake action of bridge piers. The latest research progress of the nonlinear static calculation model of pile foundation under strong earthquake was introduced,and reasonable simulation method for the nonlinearity of foundation soil was summarized.
Concrete gravity pier with bored pile foundation are widely used in high speed railway bridge in China. According to the main structural characteristics of high speed railway bridge,the characteristics of seismic response were introduced. Due to the larger transverse rigidity of pier shafts and larger cross-section resistance,seismic action of high speed railway bridge pile foundation is also bigger,so it is difficult to achieve capacity design based on intensity control. By comparing the different requirements of seismic performance for pile foundation from AASHTO(LRFD),Eurocode 8,bridge manual of transit New Zealand and seismic design standards and explanations for railway structures of Japan,it is necessary that the pile foundation of high speed railway bridge should transform from capacity design to performance-based seismic design. The ideal of multiple seismic fortifications should be adopted for pile foundation according to the importance of bridges,and plastic energy dissipation of foundation soil should be reasonably used in order to reduce horizontal earthquake action of bridge piers. The latest research progress of the nonlinear static calculation model of pile foundation under strong earthquake was introduced,and reasonable simulation method for the nonlinearity of foundation soil was summarized.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50111—2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.(The National Standards Compilation Group of Peoples Republic of China.GB 50111—2006Code for seismic design of railway engineering[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[2]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JTG/T B02–01—2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of Peoples Republic of China.JTG/T B02–01—2008 Guidelines for seismic design of highway bridges[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[3]张永亮,陈兴冲,孙建飞.桥梁群桩基础非线性静力计算模型及拟静力试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(9):1 799–1 806.(ZHANG Yongliang,CHEN Xingchong,SUN Jianfei.Research on nonlinear static calculation model and pseudo-static test of bridge group pile foundations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(9):1 799–1 806.(in Chinese))
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[6]张季超,杨永康,王可怡.基于性能的桩基设计概念探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(增2):54–57.(ZHANG Jichao,YANG Yongkang,WANG Keyi.Conception of performance-based pile foundation design[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(Supp.2):54–57.(in Chinese))
[7]周敉.高桩承台桥梁抗震性能试验和理论研究[博士学位论文][D].上海:同济大学,2008.(ZHOU Mi.Test and theory research on seismic performance for elevated pile cap foundation[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008.(in Chinese))
[8]郭璇,李亮.1995年日本国兵库县南部地震桩基础典型破坏模式的分析[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(3):100–108.(GUO Xuan,LI Liang.Study on effect of ground lateral flow on piles foundation due to soil liquefaction during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2004,20(3):100–108.(in Chinese))
[9]王青桥,韦晓,王君杰.桥梁桩基震害特点及其破坏机理[J].震灾防御技术,2009,4(2):167–173.(WANG Qingqiao,WEI Xiao,WANG Junjie.Characteristics and mechanisms of earthquake damage of bridge pile foundation[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2009,4(2):167–173.(in Chinese))
[10]张永亮.铁路桥梁桩基础抗震设计方法研究[博士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2013.(ZHANG Yongliang.Research on seismic design method of pile foundation for railway bridges[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2013.(in Chinese))
[11]American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.AASHTO LRFD Bridge design specifications[S].Washington,DC,USA:AASHTO,2009.
[12]Eurocode 8.Design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures-part 2:bridges[S].Brussels:European Committee for Standardization,2005.
[13]Transit New Zealand.Bridge manual of transit new zealand[S].Weillington:Opus International Consultants Ltd.,2003.
[14]日本の鉄道総合技術研究所.鉄道構造物などの設計基準及び解説V耐震設計[S].東京:丸善株式会社出版事業部,1999.(in Japanese)
[15]韩鹏,王君杰,黄勇,等.美国和日本桥梁桩基础抗震设计方法对比[J].北京工业大学学报,2011,37(增1):9–17.(HAN Peng,WANG Junjie,HUANG Yong,et al.Comparison of seismic design of pile foundations for bridges in America and Japan[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2011,37(Supp.1):9–17.(in Chinese))
[16]KAPPOS A J,SEXTOS A G.Effect of foundation type and compliance on seismic response of RC bridges[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2001,6(2):120–130.
[17]陈明山,段绍纬,黄永和,等.地震地区高速铁路桩基础设计考虑[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(6):761–766.(CHEN Mingshan,DUANN Shawwei,WHANG Yuanghe,et al.Design consideration of pile foundations of high speed rail project in seismic area[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(6):761–766.(in Chinese))
[18]SCOTT A A,TEERAWUT J.Push-over analysis of piles in laterally spreading soil[C]//Proceedings of Seismic Performance and Simulation of Pile Foundations,ASCE.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:109–120.
[19]叶爱君,鲁传安.基于Pushover分析的群桩基础抗震性能分析方法[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(2):88–94.(YE Aijun,LU Chuanan.A seismic performance analysis approach based on Pushover analysis for group pile foundations[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(2):88–94.(in Chinese))
[2]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JTG/T B02–01—2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2008.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of Peoples Republic of China.JTG/T B02–01—2008 Guidelines for seismic design of highway bridges[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[3]张永亮,陈兴冲,孙建飞.桥梁群桩基础非线性静力计算模型及拟静力试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(9):1 799–1 806.(ZHANG Yongliang,CHEN Xingchong,SUN Jianfei.Research on nonlinear static calculation model and pseudo-static test of bridge group pile foundations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(9):1 799–1 806.(in Chinese))
[4]陈兴冲,朱晞.允许提离的弹塑性Winkler地基上桥墩的地震反应[J].工程力学,1999,16(5):101–107.(CHEN Xingchong,ZHU Xi.Seismic response of bridge piers on elasto-plastic Winkler foundation allowed to uplift[J].Engineering Mechanics,1999,16(5):101–107.(in Chinese))
[5]江辉,李杰,杨庆山.考虑SSI三种效应的桩基础RC梁式桥抗震性能评估方法研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(5):65–72.(JIANG Hui,LI Jie,YANG Qingshan.A seismic performance evaluation method for a pile-foundation RC girder bridge considering three kinds of SSI effect[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(5):65–72.(in Chinese))
[6]张季超,杨永康,王可怡.基于性能的桩基设计概念探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(增2):54–57.(ZHANG Jichao,YANG Yongkang,WANG Keyi.Conception of performance-based pile foundation design[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(Supp.2):54–57.(in Chinese))
[7]周敉.高桩承台桥梁抗震性能试验和理论研究[博士学位论文][D].上海:同济大学,2008.(ZHOU Mi.Test and theory research on seismic performance for elevated pile cap foundation[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008.(in Chinese))
[8]郭璇,李亮.1995年日本国兵库县南部地震桩基础典型破坏模式的分析[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(3):100–108.(GUO Xuan,LI Liang.Study on effect of ground lateral flow on piles foundation due to soil liquefaction during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2004,20(3):100–108.(in Chinese))
[9]王青桥,韦晓,王君杰.桥梁桩基震害特点及其破坏机理[J].震灾防御技术,2009,4(2):167–173.(WANG Qingqiao,WEI Xiao,WANG Junjie.Characteristics and mechanisms of earthquake damage of bridge pile foundation[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2009,4(2):167–173.(in Chinese))
[10]张永亮.铁路桥梁桩基础抗震设计方法研究[博士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2013.(ZHANG Yongliang.Research on seismic design method of pile foundation for railway bridges[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2013.(in Chinese))
[11]American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.AASHTO LRFD Bridge design specifications[S].Washington,DC,USA:AASHTO,2009.
[12]Eurocode 8.Design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures-part 2:bridges[S].Brussels:European Committee for Standardization,2005.
[13]Transit New Zealand.Bridge manual of transit new zealand[S].Weillington:Opus International Consultants Ltd.,2003.
[14]日本の鉄道総合技術研究所.鉄道構造物などの設計基準及び解説V耐震設計[S].東京:丸善株式会社出版事業部,1999.(in Japanese)
[15]韩鹏,王君杰,黄勇,等.美国和日本桥梁桩基础抗震设计方法对比[J].北京工业大学学报,2011,37(增1):9–17.(HAN Peng,WANG Junjie,HUANG Yong,et al.Comparison of seismic design of pile foundations for bridges in America and Japan[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2011,37(Supp.1):9–17.(in Chinese))
[16]KAPPOS A J,SEXTOS A G.Effect of foundation type and compliance on seismic response of RC bridges[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2001,6(2):120–130.
[17]陈明山,段绍纬,黄永和,等.地震地区高速铁路桩基础设计考虑[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(6):761–766.(CHEN Mingshan,DUANN Shawwei,WHANG Yuanghe,et al.Design consideration of pile foundations of high speed rail project in seismic area[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(6):761–766.(in Chinese))
[18]SCOTT A A,TEERAWUT J.Push-over analysis of piles in laterally spreading soil[C]//Proceedings of Seismic Performance and Simulation of Pile Foundations,ASCE.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2006:109–120.
[19]叶爱君,鲁传安.基于Pushover分析的群桩基础抗震性能分析方法[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(2):88–94.(YE Aijun,LU Chuanan.A seismic performance analysis approach based on Pushover analysis for group pile foundations[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(2):88–94.(in Chinese))
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