跨断层隧道可变形抗减震措施振动台试验研究
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摘要
跨断层的隧道结构在汶川地震中破坏严重,这说明传统的抗减震技术已不能保证高烈度地震区隧道结构的安全。为此,研发了可变形抗减震措施。通过振动台模型试验,考察了采用该类型措施的隧道结构地震响应特征与震后破坏形态。结果表明:跨断层隧道结构设置减震缝,可以有效减小结构的内力值和应变值;套管式可变形结构可以有效保护主套管上部结构和被套管,但主套管下部结构破坏严重;套管式可变结构提高了隧道的防水性且震后易于修复,整体性能优于减震缝;采用可变形抗减震结构的同时,必须提高衬砌混凝土的强度;不论采用何种抗减震措施,隧道结构的拱脚和仰拱是抗震加固的重点部位。研究成果可以为高烈度地震区隧道结构的抗震设防提供参考。
Fault-crossing tunnel structures were severely damaged by fault movement during Wenchuan Earthquake. This phenomenon demonstrates that traditional aseismic technologies cannot guarantee the security of tunnel and underground structures.Therefore, new types of deformable aseismic and damping measures have to be developed for tunnel and underground structures.Shaking table tests are conducted to investigate seismic response characteristics and post-seismic destructive patterns of tunnel structures with these measures. The results show that the absorbing joint can reduce the internal forces and the strains of fault-crossing tunnel structures. The casing-shape damping measure can effectively protect both the inner casing and most parts of outer casing structures except for the arch springing and tunnel invert of the outer casing. The casing-shape damping measure performs better than the absorbing joint, since the former can improve the waterproofing quality and recoverability of tunnel structures besides the aseismic capacity. It is necessary to enhance the intensity of secondary lining concrete when using deformable aseismic and damping measures. No matter what kind of aseismic measures are employed, the arch springing and tunnel invert parts are needed to be reinforced. The above research results can provide references for seismic fortification of tunnel and underground structures across geological hazards zones.
Fault-crossing tunnel structures were severely damaged by fault movement during Wenchuan Earthquake. This phenomenon demonstrates that traditional aseismic technologies cannot guarantee the security of tunnel and underground structures.Therefore, new types of deformable aseismic and damping measures have to be developed for tunnel and underground structures.Shaking table tests are conducted to investigate seismic response characteristics and post-seismic destructive patterns of tunnel structures with these measures. The results show that the absorbing joint can reduce the internal forces and the strains of fault-crossing tunnel structures. The casing-shape damping measure can effectively protect both the inner casing and most parts of outer casing structures except for the arch springing and tunnel invert of the outer casing. The casing-shape damping measure performs better than the absorbing joint, since the former can improve the waterproofing quality and recoverability of tunnel structures besides the aseismic capacity. It is necessary to enhance the intensity of secondary lining concrete when using deformable aseismic and damping measures. No matter what kind of aseismic measures are employed, the arch springing and tunnel invert parts are needed to be reinforced. The above research results can provide references for seismic fortification of tunnel and underground structures across geological hazards zones.
引文
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[15]徐华,李天斌,王栋,等.山岭隧道地震动力响应规律的三维振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(9):1762-1771.XU Hua,LI Tian-bin,WANG Dong,et al.Study of seismic responses of mountain tunnels with 3D shaking table model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(9):1762-1771.
[16]四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院.国道213线都江堰至汶川高速公路龙洞子隧道地震灾后检测报告[R].成都:四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院.2008.
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[18]ASAKURA T,KOJIMA Y.Study on the damage mechanism of mountain tunnel under earthquake and improvement of earthquake resistance[R].Japan Kyoto:Railway Technical Research Institute,2006.
[2]方林,蒋树屏,林志,等.穿越断层隧道振动台模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(9):2709-2714.FANG Lin,JIANG Shu-ping,LIN Zhi,et al.Shaking table model test study of tunnel through fault[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(9):2709-2714.
[3]西南交通大学.高烈度地震区隧道灾后恢复重建关键技术研究[R]//国家自然科学基金结题报告.成都:西南交通大学,2009.
[4]LI XUE,LIU XIAOLI,LI JINGGANG,et al.Factor analysis induced geological disasters of the M7.0 Lushan earthquake in China[J].Geodesy and Geodynamics,2013,4(2):22-29.
[5]LI T B.Damage to mountain tunnels related to the Wenchuan earthquake and some suggestions for aseismic tunnel construction[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2012,71(2):297-308.
[6]王峥峥.跨断层隧道结构非线性地震损伤反应分析[博士学位论文D].成都:西南交通大学,2009.
[7]耿萍.铁路隧道抗震计算方法研究[博士学位论文D].成都:西南交通大学,2011.
[8]孙铁成,高波,王峥峥.双洞隧道洞口段抗减震模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(7):2021-2026.SUN Tie-cheng,GAO Bo,WANG Zheng-zheng.Aseismic and seism-reducing modeling study for entrance of two-track tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(7):2021-2026.
[9]CHEN J,SHI X J,LI J.Shaking table test of utility tunnel non-uniform earthquake wave excitation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30(11):1400-1416.
[10]四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院.国道317、213线都江堰至汶川公路高速路段地震灾后恢复重建方案设计汇报材料[R].成都:四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院.2008.
[11]郑永来,杨林德,李文艺,等.地下结构抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2005.
[12]王明年,崔光耀.高烈度地震区隧道减震模型的建立及其减震效果模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1884-1890.WANG Ming-nian,CUI Guang-yao.Establishment of tunnel damping model and research on damping effect with model test in highly seismic area[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1884-1890.
[13]王峥峥,高波,索然绪.双洞隧道洞口段抗减震振动台试验[J].中国公路学报,2009,22(2):71-76.WANG Zheng-zheng,GAO Bo,SUO Ran-xu.Shaking table tests on entrance anti-seism of double track tunnels[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2009,22(2):71-76.
[14]CHEN G X,WANG Z H,ZUO X,et al.Shaking table test on the seismic failure characteristics of a subway station structure on liquefiable ground[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2013,42(10):1489-1507.
[15]徐华,李天斌,王栋,等.山岭隧道地震动力响应规律的三维振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(9):1762-1771.XU Hua,LI Tian-bin,WANG Dong,et al.Study of seismic responses of mountain tunnels with 3D shaking table model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(9):1762-1771.
[16]四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院.国道213线都江堰至汶川高速公路龙洞子隧道地震灾后检测报告[R].成都:四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院.2008.
[17]XIA JIENING,CHEN ZHIGAO,HUANG JUN,et al.Comparison of the cumulative absolute velocity and acceleration peak value based on Wenchuan earthquake data[J].Geodesy and Geodynamics,2014,5(3):46-54.
[18]ASAKURA T,KOJIMA Y.Study on the damage mechanism of mountain tunnel under earthquake and improvement of earthquake resistance[R].Japan Kyoto:Railway Technical Research Institute,2006.
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