高寒区铁路工程物探作业的研究与实践
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摘要
研究目的:高寒区物探作业是摆在铁路物探工作者面前的一道难题,环境温度低于或临界于物探仪器设备工作温度时,仪器设备往往不能处于正常工作状态;地表冻层的高阻、高速屏蔽作用常常干扰着物探野外数据采集与分析解释,在牡绥线和集通线物探冬季作业中,通过方法选择、仪器性能研究及试验,解决了铁路工程物探高寒季节施工的问题,利用综合物探的手段解决了隧道及桥址的工程地质问题,减少了昂贵的深孔钻探费用,为铁路控制性工程勘察抢出了宝贵的工期。研究结论:(1)地表冻层产生的高速屏蔽,通过检波器的埋设和高频滤波可消除干扰。(2)直流电法勘探只有将电极打透冻层才能克服地表高阻屏蔽作用。(3)人工源大地电磁是深埋长大隧道勘探的首选物探方法,但是,其发射系统及接收装置的电子元件和自供电电池复杂,抗寒能力次于天然源大地电磁。(4)天然源大地电磁(MTU-5A)外设简单,电极、磁探头与主机直接相连,减少系统干扰和繁杂线路出现问题的几率,抗寒能力强,在干扰小的情况下,也可达到高精度圈定目标的目的。
Research purposes: It is difficult to do the Geophysical exploration for railway in cold area.The geophysical instruments often can't be in normal status when the environmental temperature is under or close to the working temperature of the geophysical instruments.Simultaneity the shield effect of high resistance and high velocity in the earth's surface often impacts the collection and interpretation of the data.Through the selection of methods and research and tests of the performance of the instruments for the geophysical exploration in winter for Mudanjiang-Shuifenghe Railway and Jining-Tongliao Railway,the problems in the geophysical exploration for railway in cold area in winter were solved and the problems of engineering geology related to the tunnel and bridge were solved by using the technology of comprehensive geophysical exploration,which reduces the exploration cost and saves the construction time.Research conclusions:(1) The shield effect of high velocity in the frozen crust of earth surface may be eliminated by installing wave-detector and the high-frequency filter.(2) To avoid the shield effect of high resistance in the earth's surface,the electrodes need to penetrate the frozen crust with direct current electric method.(3) CSAMT is a preferable method for geophysical exploration for long tunnel,but due to the complexity of the electron components and batteries of its transmitting system and receiving system,the cold-resistance capacity of CSAMT is inferior to MT.(4) The installation of MT is in a simple way that the electron and magnetic probe connect with host computer directly.In this way,the system interferer can be reduced and probability of appearance of problem like complicated circuitry can be lowered.Simultaneity the cold-resistant capacity of MT is stronger,and MTU-5A can explore objects with high accuracy if the interferer is small.
Research purposes: It is difficult to do the Geophysical exploration for railway in cold area.The geophysical instruments often can't be in normal status when the environmental temperature is under or close to the working temperature of the geophysical instruments.Simultaneity the shield effect of high resistance and high velocity in the earth's surface often impacts the collection and interpretation of the data.Through the selection of methods and research and tests of the performance of the instruments for the geophysical exploration in winter for Mudanjiang-Shuifenghe Railway and Jining-Tongliao Railway,the problems in the geophysical exploration for railway in cold area in winter were solved and the problems of engineering geology related to the tunnel and bridge were solved by using the technology of comprehensive geophysical exploration,which reduces the exploration cost and saves the construction time.Research conclusions:(1) The shield effect of high velocity in the frozen crust of earth surface may be eliminated by installing wave-detector and the high-frequency filter.(2) To avoid the shield effect of high resistance in the earth's surface,the electrodes need to penetrate the frozen crust with direct current electric method.(3) CSAMT is a preferable method for geophysical exploration for long tunnel,but due to the complexity of the electron components and batteries of its transmitting system and receiving system,the cold-resistance capacity of CSAMT is inferior to MT.(4) The installation of MT is in a simple way that the electron and magnetic probe connect with host computer directly.In this way,the system interferer can be reduced and probability of appearance of problem like complicated circuitry can be lowered.Simultaneity the cold-resistant capacity of MT is stronger,and MTU-5A can explore objects with high accuracy if the interferer is small.
引文
[1]郝明,董晨.有源无源大地电磁在玄武岩覆盖区长大隧道发挥的作用[J].工程地球物理学报,2009(S1):46-48.Hao Ming,Dong Chen,Influence of MT with Sourceand without Source in Long and Big Turnners withBasalt Buried[J].Chinese Journal of EngineeringGeophysics,2009(S1):46-48.
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[9]卿三惠,杨家松,钟章队.高压富水地层超深埋特长隧道施工技术研究[J].铁道工程学报,2009(1):86-91.Qing Sanhui,Yang Jiasong,Zhong Zhangdui.Researchon the Construction Technology for Deep-buried LongTunnel in High-pressure and Water-rich Stratum[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2009(1):86-91.
[10]邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明.地震信号的时频分析方法[J].世界地质,2004(1):95-99.Zhou Wen,Chen Aiping,Gu Hanming.Time-frequency Analysis Method of Seismic Signal[J].GlobalGeology,2004(1):95-99.
[2]李志华,朱旭东.复杂地质隧道的综合物探技术[J].铁道工程学报,2008(8):58-61.Li Zhihua,Zhu Xudong,The Application of IntegratedGeophysical Exploration Technology in the TunnelUnder the Complicated Geological Conditions[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2008(8):58-61.
[3]郝明,董晨.牡绥线初测综合物探[J].铁道勘察,2008(6):67-71.Hao Ming,Dong Chen,Integrated GeophysicalProspecting for Preliminary Surveying of Mudanjiang-Suifenhe Railway[J].Railway Investigation andSurveying,2008(6):67-71.
[4]李志华.路基稳定性无损检测方法技术研究[J].铁道工程学报,2007(2):28-31.LI Zhihua.Research on the Method of SubgradeStability None-damaged Testing[J].Journal ofRailway Engineering Society,2007(2):28-31.
[5]周海滨,李志华.困难地形条件下地震反射在煤矿采空区的技术研究[J].铁道工程学报,2010(2):18-21.Zhou Haibin,Li ZhiHua.Technical Research on theSeismic Reflection in Coal Seam Gob under DifficultTerrain Condition[J].Journal of Railway EngineeringSociety,2010(2):18-21.
[6]郝明,李玮,郭志强.采用物探技术进行路基挡土墙质量检测的研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2003(3):440-444.Hao Ming,Li Wei,Guo Zhiqiang.Physical ProspectingUsed to Test the Quality of Retaining Walls in RoadebedProject[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003(3):440-444.
[7]董晨,郝明.一种简便的反演数据连接方法[J].工程地球物理学报,2009(S1):159-161.Dong Chen,Hao Ming.A Simple Method of InversionData Linking[J].Chinese Journal of EngineeringGeophysics,2009(S1):159-161.
[8]杨新安,李怒放,李志华.路基检测新技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2005.Yang Xinan,Li Nufang.Newly Technique of Detectionon Subgrade[M].Beijing:China Railway PublishingHouse,2005.
[9]卿三惠,杨家松,钟章队.高压富水地层超深埋特长隧道施工技术研究[J].铁道工程学报,2009(1):86-91.Qing Sanhui,Yang Jiasong,Zhong Zhangdui.Researchon the Construction Technology for Deep-buried LongTunnel in High-pressure and Water-rich Stratum[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2009(1):86-91.
[10]邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明.地震信号的时频分析方法[J].世界地质,2004(1):95-99.Zhou Wen,Chen Aiping,Gu Hanming.Time-frequency Analysis Method of Seismic Signal[J].GlobalGeology,2004(1):95-99.
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