路基动力响应与动力破坏的大型振动台模型试验研究
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摘要
针对填方路基在强地震动作用下的动力响应和损伤破坏过程,设计并完成1∶20比尺的填方路基大型振动台模型试验。模型的尺寸为1.93 m×3.0 m×1.4 m(高×长×厚),采用土体材料制备,通过逐级加载的方式,在振动台上对填方路基进行模型试验。在不同类型、幅值、频率的地震波和白噪声激励下,对模型路基的动力响应、抗震薄弱部位、破坏过程以及地震动参数对动力响应的影响进行研究,分析路基及支挡结构的加速度和位移的变化规律。试验结果表明,在水平地震作用下,模型路基对输入地震波具有明显的放大作用,挡土墙顶部及路肩为加速度峰值最大的区域,是抗震薄弱的部位,整个模型路基首先在该位置出现裂缝;在不同的地震波作用下,路基坡面加速度峰值放大系数随着输入地震动幅值的增加呈现递减趋势,路基对输入波低频部分存在放大作用,对高频部分存在滤波作用;在逐渐加载的地震波作用下,模型路基逐渐出现多处开裂。试验结果可呈现填方路基在强烈地震作用下的损伤破坏过程及破坏形态,有助于揭示地震作用下路基结构的破坏机制,为路基的抗震设防提供相应的参考。
Aimed at the seismic response and damage of fill subgrade,a large-scale shaking table model test of subgrade with the scale of 1:20 is introduced.The model subgrade is built by soil with a height of 1.93 m,length of 3.0 m and thickness of 1.4 m.A series of tests were performed with different kinds input seismic waves,amplitudes and frequencies.The dynamic responses of subgrade under earthquake,weak of portions,failure modes,as well as the influence of ground motion parameters are discussed.Results show that the subgrade has amplification effect to input seismic waves,and the effect become extremely prominent around the crest of the subgrade and the top of the retaining wall.The study also show that the top of the retaining wall and the crest of the subgrade are the vulnerable parts of subgrade and cracks normally appear near these parts under seismic motion.The amplification coefficients of the peak acceleration along subgrade slope surface decrease with the increasing earthquake amplitudes.The soil in subgrade has amplification effect to input seismic waves at high frequency and filtering effect at low frequency;and the filtering effect becomes more prominent with the increase of earthquake amplitudes.Lots of cracked locations are identified under gradually increased seismic.Vulnerable parts of the subgrade to earthquake loading and various factors that affect the earthquake-resistant behavior of the subgrade,such as the frequencies of waves,are discussed under seismic motions of different levels.The results are helpful to reveal the mechanism of subgrade damage under earthquake,and provide references for aseismic design of subgrade engineering.
Aimed at the seismic response and damage of fill subgrade,a large-scale shaking table model test of subgrade with the scale of 1:20 is introduced.The model subgrade is built by soil with a height of 1.93 m,length of 3.0 m and thickness of 1.4 m.A series of tests were performed with different kinds input seismic waves,amplitudes and frequencies.The dynamic responses of subgrade under earthquake,weak of portions,failure modes,as well as the influence of ground motion parameters are discussed.Results show that the subgrade has amplification effect to input seismic waves,and the effect become extremely prominent around the crest of the subgrade and the top of the retaining wall.The study also show that the top of the retaining wall and the crest of the subgrade are the vulnerable parts of subgrade and cracks normally appear near these parts under seismic motion.The amplification coefficients of the peak acceleration along subgrade slope surface decrease with the increasing earthquake amplitudes.The soil in subgrade has amplification effect to input seismic waves at high frequency and filtering effect at low frequency;and the filtering effect becomes more prominent with the increase of earthquake amplitudes.Lots of cracked locations are identified under gradually increased seismic.Vulnerable parts of the subgrade to earthquake loading and various factors that affect the earthquake-resistant behavior of the subgrade,such as the frequencies of waves,are discussed under seismic motions of different levels.The results are helpful to reveal the mechanism of subgrade damage under earthquake,and provide references for aseismic design of subgrade engineering.
引文
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[8]蒋良潍,姚令侃,王建.基于振动性态和破坏相似的边坡振动台模型实验相似律[J].交通科学与工程,2009,25(2):1–7.(JIANG Liangwei,YAO Lingkan,WANG Jian.Similitude for shaking table model test on side slope relating to dynamic characteristics and strength[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2009,25(2):1–7.(in Chinese))
[9]杨林德,杨超,季倩倩,等.地铁车站的振动台试验与地震响应的计算方法[J].同济大学学报,2003,31(10):1 135–1 140.(YANG Linde,YANG Chao,JI Qianqian,et al.Shaking table test and numerical calculation on subway station structures in soft soil[J].Journal of Tongji University,2003,31(10):1 135–1 140.(in Chinese))
[10]王海波,李德玉,陈厚群.拱坝振动台动力破坏试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(7):109–118.(WANG Haibo,LI Deyu,CHEN Houqun.Experimental study on the dynamic failure of arch dams using a shaking table[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(7):109–118.(in Chinese))
[11]WARTMAN J,SEED R B,BRAY J D.Shaking table modeling of seismically induced deformations in slopes[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(5):610–622.
[12]LIN M L,WANG K L.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].Engineering Geology,2006,88(2/3):118–133.
[13]DONLON W P.Experimental investigation of the nonlinear-seismic response of concrete gravity dams[R].California:Caltech Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Technical.,1989.
[14]凌贤长,郭明珠,王东升,等.液化场地桩基桥梁震害响应大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):7–10.(LING Xianzhang,GUO Mingzhu,WANG Dongsheng,et al.Large-scale shaking table model test of seismic response of bridge of pile foundation in ground of liquefaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(1):7–10.(in Chinese))
[15]吕西林,陈跃庆,陈波,等.结构–地基动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):20–29.(LU Xilin,CHEN Yueqing,CHEN Bo,et al.Shaking table testing of dynamic soil-structure interaction system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(4):20–29.(in Chinese))
[16]刘小生,王忠宁,汪小刚,等.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.(LIU Xiaosheng,WANG Zhongning,WANG Xiaogang,et al.Shaking table model test and dynamic analysis of core faceplate rockfill dam[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[17]范书立,陈建云,王建涌,等.高拱坝振动台地震破坏试验研究及数值仿真[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):467–474.(FAN Shuli,CHEN Jianyun,WANG Jianyong,et al.Experimental study and numerical simulation for seismic failure of high arch dam on shaking table[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):467–474.(in Chinese))
[2]HUANG C C.Investigations of soil retaining structures damaged during the Chi-Chi(Taiwan)earthquake[J].Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,2000,23(4):417–428.
[3]SANDRI D.A performance summary of reinforced soil structures in the Greater Los Angeles area after the Northridge earthquake[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1997,15(4/5/6):235–253.
[4]薄景山,徐国栋,景立平.土边坡地震反应及其动力稳定性分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2):116–120.(BO Jingshan,XU Guodong,JING Liping.Seismic response and dynamic stability analysis of soil slopes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(2):116–120.(in Chinese))
[5]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JTJ004—89公路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.JTJ004—89 Anti-seismic design code of highway engineering[S].Beijing:China Communication Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[6]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624–632.(XU Guangxing,YAO Lingkan,GAO Zhaoning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model test study on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):624–632.(in Chinese))
[7]翟阳,韩国城.边坡对土坝稳定影响的振动台模型试验研究[J].烟台大学学报,1996,4:67–71.(ZHAI Yang,HAN Guocheng.Shaking table test study on effect of slope on fill dam stability[J].Journal of Yantai University,1996,4:67–71.(in Chinese))
[8]蒋良潍,姚令侃,王建.基于振动性态和破坏相似的边坡振动台模型实验相似律[J].交通科学与工程,2009,25(2):1–7.(JIANG Liangwei,YAO Lingkan,WANG Jian.Similitude for shaking table model test on side slope relating to dynamic characteristics and strength[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2009,25(2):1–7.(in Chinese))
[9]杨林德,杨超,季倩倩,等.地铁车站的振动台试验与地震响应的计算方法[J].同济大学学报,2003,31(10):1 135–1 140.(YANG Linde,YANG Chao,JI Qianqian,et al.Shaking table test and numerical calculation on subway station structures in soft soil[J].Journal of Tongji University,2003,31(10):1 135–1 140.(in Chinese))
[10]王海波,李德玉,陈厚群.拱坝振动台动力破坏试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(7):109–118.(WANG Haibo,LI Deyu,CHEN Houqun.Experimental study on the dynamic failure of arch dams using a shaking table[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(7):109–118.(in Chinese))
[11]WARTMAN J,SEED R B,BRAY J D.Shaking table modeling of seismically induced deformations in slopes[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(5):610–622.
[12]LIN M L,WANG K L.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].Engineering Geology,2006,88(2/3):118–133.
[13]DONLON W P.Experimental investigation of the nonlinear-seismic response of concrete gravity dams[R].California:Caltech Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Technical.,1989.
[14]凌贤长,郭明珠,王东升,等.液化场地桩基桥梁震害响应大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):7–10.(LING Xianzhang,GUO Mingzhu,WANG Dongsheng,et al.Large-scale shaking table model test of seismic response of bridge of pile foundation in ground of liquefaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(1):7–10.(in Chinese))
[15]吕西林,陈跃庆,陈波,等.结构–地基动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):20–29.(LU Xilin,CHEN Yueqing,CHEN Bo,et al.Shaking table testing of dynamic soil-structure interaction system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(4):20–29.(in Chinese))
[16]刘小生,王忠宁,汪小刚,等.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.(LIU Xiaosheng,WANG Zhongning,WANG Xiaogang,et al.Shaking table model test and dynamic analysis of core faceplate rockfill dam[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[17]范书立,陈建云,王建涌,等.高拱坝振动台地震破坏试验研究及数值仿真[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):467–474.(FAN Shuli,CHEN Jianyun,WANG Jianyong,et al.Experimental study and numerical simulation for seismic failure of high arch dam on shaking table[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):467–474.(in Chinese))
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