高压缩性混凝土材料在隧道穿越断层带的应用及减震效果研究
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摘要
在大量的隧道建设中,特别是长大隧道,不可避免地会在活断层附近和高烈度地震区修建,地震中隧道穿越活动断层段结构破坏现象严重,衬砌结构的抗减震设计问题尤为突出。为了缓和断层位移对隧道的损伤,提出使用高压缩性混凝土作为吸收层的减震设计建议,通过数值模拟对比分析使用高压缩性混凝土作为吸收层的地震响应结果。结果表明,采用高压缩性混凝土作为吸收层具有充分屈服后吸收断层位移的变形特性和抑制列车荷载产生过大变形的初始刚度。通过改变高压缩性混凝土的球壳种类、充填率和砂浆配比等来改变其刚性。但W/C不应过高,否则会造成多壳砂浆的单轴抗压强度不能承受列车的荷载,有可能造成隧道的损伤。
In a mass of tunnel construction,especially in long and deep buried tunnels,crossing active faults and high seismic risk zone is not inevitable.Serious damage of tunnels were suffered in active faults.Seismic design of tunnel lining structure becomes particularly prominent.In order to reduce the damage on tunnel by fault displacement,seismic design using high compression ratio concrete was given.Based on analysis of seismic response results of tunnel structure using high compactness concrete as the absorbing layer,conclusion was made: for the case of using high compactness concrete as the absorbing layer,the layer possess the ability absorbing fault displacement after full yield and the stiffness to restrain oversize displacement may happen under the train load.By changing spherical shell type,filling ratio,mortar proportioning of high compactness concrete,the stiffness can be changed.The water-cement ratio W/C should not be too high,which can cause compression strength of mortar cannot bear the train load and tunnel structure damage.
In a mass of tunnel construction,especially in long and deep buried tunnels,crossing active faults and high seismic risk zone is not inevitable.Serious damage of tunnels were suffered in active faults.Seismic design of tunnel lining structure becomes particularly prominent.In order to reduce the damage on tunnel by fault displacement,seismic design using high compression ratio concrete was given.Based on analysis of seismic response results of tunnel structure using high compactness concrete as the absorbing layer,conclusion was made: for the case of using high compactness concrete as the absorbing layer,the layer possess the ability absorbing fault displacement after full yield and the stiffness to restrain oversize displacement may happen under the train load.By changing spherical shell type,filling ratio,mortar proportioning of high compactness concrete,the stiffness can be changed.The water-cement ratio W/C should not be too high,which can cause compression strength of mortar cannot bear the train load and tunnel structure damage.
引文
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4 Youssef M A Hashash,Jeffrey J Hook,Birger Schmidt,etal.Seismic design and analysis of underground structures[J].Tunnelling Underground Space Techn,2001,16(4):247
5Gao Feng(高峰),Li Dewu(李德武).A study on someproblems concerning 3Danalysis of seismic responses of tu-nnels(隧道三维地震反应分析若干问题的研究)[J].Chin JGeot Eng(岩土工程学报),1998,20(4):51
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10 Wang G Q,Liu D K.Scattering of SH-wave by multiple cir-cular cavities in half space[J].Earthquake Eng Eng Vib,2002,1(1):36
11Li Yushu(李育枢).Earthquake dynamic response and shockabsorption measures research on the mountain tunnels(山岭隧道地震动力响应及减震措施研究)[D].Shanghai(上海):TongJi University(同济大学),2006
12Yang Xiaoli(杨小礼),Li Liang(李亮),Liu Baochen(刘宝琛).Response of transportation tunnels due to strong earth-quake(强震作用下交通隧道的拟静态反应)[J].China JHighway Transport(中国公路学报),2001,14(4):55258
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15PWRI.Guideline for seismic design methods of large under-ground structures(a draft)[R].Tsukubashi:Tech Memo-randum PWRI,Public Works Res Inst,1992:37
16Luo Dinglun(罗定伦),Gao Bo(高波),Shen Yusheng(申玉生).Research on simulating material of surrounding rock intunnel seismic model experiment(关于隧道抗减震模型试验围岩相似材料的研究)[J].J Shijiazhuang Railway Inst:NatSci(石家庄铁道学院学报:自然科学版),2008,21(3):70
17Sun Tiecheng(孙铁成),Gao Bo(高波),Ye Chaoliang(叶朝良).Discussion on aseismic and seismic-relieving measuresand corresponding research methods for underground struc-tures(地下结构抗震减震措施与研究方法探讨)[J].ModTunneling Techn(现代隧道技术),2007,44(3):1
18Ji Qianqian(季倩倩),Yang Linde(杨林德).Seismic damageand restoration measures of subway(地下铁道震害与震后修复措施)[J].J Catastrophology(灾害学),2001,16(2):31
19Huang Xianfeng(黄先峰).Aseismic calculation of under-ground structures-response displacement method(地下结构的抗震计算——响应位移法)[J].Railway Eng(铁道建筑),1999,(6):3
20Shao Genda(邵根大),Luo Wenhai(骆文海).An investiga-tion on aseismic behaviors of railway tunnel lining duringstrong earthquake(强地震作用下铁路隧道衬砌耐震性的研究)[J].China Railway Sci(中国铁道科学),1992,12(2):92
21Jing Jie(经杰).Studies on displacement-based seismic de-sign for dual structures(双重结构基于位移抗震设计方法的研究)[D].Beijing(北京):Tsinghua University(清华大学),2002
22Xiong Liangxiao(熊良霄),Li Tianbin(李天斌),Liu Yong(刘勇).Numerical simulation of seismic response at the en-trance of the unsymmetrical loading tunnel(隧道地震响应数值模拟研究)[J].J Geomech(地质力学学报),2007,13(3):255
23Lysmer J,Kuhlemeyer R L.Finite dynamic model for infi-nite media[J].J Eng Mech Div ASCE,1969,95(4):759
2高田至郎.地下生命线的耐震设计[J].隧道译从,1991(7):44
3川岛一彦.地下构筑物耐震设计[M].日本:鹿岛出版社,1994
4 Youssef M A Hashash,Jeffrey J Hook,Birger Schmidt,etal.Seismic design and analysis of underground structures[J].Tunnelling Underground Space Techn,2001,16(4):247
5Gao Feng(高峰),Li Dewu(李德武).A study on someproblems concerning 3Danalysis of seismic responses of tu-nnels(隧道三维地震反应分析若干问题的研究)[J].Chin JGeot Eng(岩土工程学报),1998,20(4):51
6龙驭球.弹性地基梁的计算[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1981
7Pan Changshi(潘昌实).Survey on the study of anti-seismicof tunnel and underground structure(隧道及地下结构物抗震问题的研究概况)[J].Mod Tunneling Techn(现代隧道技术),1996(5):7216
8Xu Zenghui(许增会),Liu Gang(刘刚).A Study on stabili-ty analysis of tunnels in seismic region(地震区隧道稳定性分析方法)[J].Highway(公路),2004(110):1892193
9关宝树.免震构造设计指针及解释[R].成都:西南交通大学,1992
10 Wang G Q,Liu D K.Scattering of SH-wave by multiple cir-cular cavities in half space[J].Earthquake Eng Eng Vib,2002,1(1):36
11Li Yushu(李育枢).Earthquake dynamic response and shockabsorption measures research on the mountain tunnels(山岭隧道地震动力响应及减震措施研究)[D].Shanghai(上海):TongJi University(同济大学),2006
12Yang Xiaoli(杨小礼),Li Liang(李亮),Liu Baochen(刘宝琛).Response of transportation tunnels due to strong earth-quake(强震作用下交通隧道的拟静态反应)[J].China JHighway Transport(中国公路学报),2001,14(4):55258
13Zheng Yonglai(郑永来),Yang Linde(杨林德).Earthquakedamage and resistant measure of underground structures(地下结构震害与抗震对策)[J].Eng Resistant Eng(工程抗震),1999(4):2
14JSCE.The 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake[J].Jpn SocCiv Eng,1996,81(3):38
15PWRI.Guideline for seismic design methods of large under-ground structures(a draft)[R].Tsukubashi:Tech Memo-randum PWRI,Public Works Res Inst,1992:37
16Luo Dinglun(罗定伦),Gao Bo(高波),Shen Yusheng(申玉生).Research on simulating material of surrounding rock intunnel seismic model experiment(关于隧道抗减震模型试验围岩相似材料的研究)[J].J Shijiazhuang Railway Inst:NatSci(石家庄铁道学院学报:自然科学版),2008,21(3):70
17Sun Tiecheng(孙铁成),Gao Bo(高波),Ye Chaoliang(叶朝良).Discussion on aseismic and seismic-relieving measuresand corresponding research methods for underground struc-tures(地下结构抗震减震措施与研究方法探讨)[J].ModTunneling Techn(现代隧道技术),2007,44(3):1
18Ji Qianqian(季倩倩),Yang Linde(杨林德).Seismic damageand restoration measures of subway(地下铁道震害与震后修复措施)[J].J Catastrophology(灾害学),2001,16(2):31
19Huang Xianfeng(黄先峰).Aseismic calculation of under-ground structures-response displacement method(地下结构的抗震计算——响应位移法)[J].Railway Eng(铁道建筑),1999,(6):3
20Shao Genda(邵根大),Luo Wenhai(骆文海).An investiga-tion on aseismic behaviors of railway tunnel lining duringstrong earthquake(强地震作用下铁路隧道衬砌耐震性的研究)[J].China Railway Sci(中国铁道科学),1992,12(2):92
21Jing Jie(经杰).Studies on displacement-based seismic de-sign for dual structures(双重结构基于位移抗震设计方法的研究)[D].Beijing(北京):Tsinghua University(清华大学),2002
22Xiong Liangxiao(熊良霄),Li Tianbin(李天斌),Liu Yong(刘勇).Numerical simulation of seismic response at the en-trance of the unsymmetrical loading tunnel(隧道地震响应数值模拟研究)[J].J Geomech(地质力学学报),2007,13(3):255
23Lysmer J,Kuhlemeyer R L.Finite dynamic model for infi-nite media[J].J Eng Mech Div ASCE,1969,95(4):759
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