超长沉管隧道抗震设计及其关键性问题分析
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摘要
在分析国内外沉管隧道抗震性能研究的基础上,以港珠澳大桥沉管隧道为背景,阐述了超长沉管隧道抗震设计与分析中迫切需要解决的4个关键性问题,即沉管隧道土体与结构相互作用的动力计算方法、非一致地震激励下超长沉管隧道地震响应分析方法、沉管隧道减震控制技术以及沉管隧道振动台试验模拟技术,并指出了沉管隧道工程抗震研究的几个方向.
Based on the literature reviews of the present seismic research on immersed tunnels,four key issues on the seismic design and analysis of ultra-long immersed tunnel with the background of Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macao engineering were addressed: calculation method for dynamic interaction between tunnel segment and surrounding soils,analytical method for seismic response of immersed tunnel subjected to non-uniform seismic loading,seismic mitigation method of immersed tunnel,and shake table test technology of immersed tunnel.These issues will be the focus of further research on seismic design and analysis of immersed tunnel in China.
Based on the literature reviews of the present seismic research on immersed tunnels,four key issues on the seismic design and analysis of ultra-long immersed tunnel with the background of Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macao engineering were addressed: calculation method for dynamic interaction between tunnel segment and surrounding soils,analytical method for seismic response of immersed tunnel subjected to non-uniform seismic loading,seismic mitigation method of immersed tunnel,and shake table test technology of immersed tunnel.These issues will be the focus of further research on seismic design and analysis of immersed tunnel in China.
引文
[1]Anastasopoulos I,Gerolymos N,Drosos V,et al.Nonlinear response of deep immersed tunnel tostrong seismic shaking[J].Journal of Geotechnicaland Geoenvironmental Engineering,ASCE,2007,133(9):1067-1090.
[2]傅继阳,吴玖荣,徐安.广州洲头咀沉管隧道地震响应研究[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(9):23-27.FU Ji-yang,WU Jiu-rong,XU An.Seismic responseof Zhoutouzui immersed tunnel in Guangzhou[J].Journal of Hunan University:Natural Science,2008,35(9):23-27.
[3]陈贵红,高波,赵玉光.沉管隧道抗震研究[J].地震研究,2006,29(1):60-64.CHEN Gui-hong,GAO Bo,ZHAO Yu-guang.Earthquake-resistant research of immersed tunnel[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2006,29(1):60-64.
[4]Klyomlya O.Earthquake-resistant design features ofimmersed tunnels in Japan[J].Tunneling and Under-ground Space Technology,1995,10(4):463-475.
[5]Lyngs J H.Model accuracy in aseismic design of im-mersed tunnel[D].Greece:Aalborg Univerisity,2008.
[6]严松宏,高峰,李德武,等.沉管隧道地震响应分析若干问题的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(5):846-850.YAN Song-hong,GAO Feng,LI De-wu,et al.Studies on some issues of seismic response analysesfor submerged tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2004,23(5):846-850.
[7]韩大建,周阿兴.沉管隧道地震响应分析的等效质点系模型探讨[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,1999,27(11):108-114.HAN Da-jian,ZHOU A-xing.A study on the equiv-alent mass-system models for the analysis for earth-quake response of an immersed tunnel[J].Journal ofSouth China University of Technology:Natural Sci-ence,1999,27(11):108-114.
[8]韩大建,周阿兴,黄炎生.珠江水下沉管隧道的抗震分析与设计:I.时程响应法[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,1999,27(11):115-121.HAN Da-jian,ZHOU A-xing,HUANG Yan-sheng.Aseismic analysis and design of the Pearl River Tun-nel:I.Time domain response method[J].Journal ofSouth China University of Technology:Natural Sci-ence,1999,27(11):115-121.
[9]韩大建,唐增洪.珠江水下沉管隧道的抗震分析与设计:II.行波法[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,1999,27(11):122-130.HAN Da-jian,TANG Zeng-hong.Aseismic analysisand design of the Pear River Tunnel:II.Travellingwave method[J].Journal of South China Universityof Technology:Natural Science,1999,27(11):122-130.
[10]Ding J H,Jin X L,Guo Y Z,et al.Numerical simu-lation for large-scale seismic response analysis ofimmersed tunnel[J].Engineering Structures,2006,28(10):1367-1377.
[11]Yu H T,Yuan Y,Chen Z Y,et al.Full 3D numeri-cal simulation method and its application to seismicresponse analysis of water-conveyance tunnel[C]//International Symposium on Computational StructuralEngineering.Beijing:Springer,2009:349-358.
[12]Yu H T,Yuan Y,Chen Z Y,et al.Numerical simu-lation for large-scale seismic response analysis oflong-distance water-conveyance shield tunnel[C]//International Conference on Pipelines and TrenchlessTechnology.Shanghai:ASCE,2009:1197-1211.
[13]Lu J F,Jeng D S,Lee T S.Dynamic response of apiecewise circular tunnel embedded in a poroelasticmedium[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineer-ing,2007,27(9):875-891.
[14]Penzien J.Seismically induced racking of tunnellinings[J].Earthquake Engineering and StructuralDynamics,2000,29:683-691.
[15]Gil L M,Hernandez E,De la Fuente P.Simplifiedtransverse seismic analysis of buried structures[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2001,21(8):735-740.
[16]Yu H T,Chen Z Y,Yuan Y.2-D seismic fragilityanalysis and structural type effect of a multi-spansubway station[C]//Proceedings of the Tenth Inter-national Symposium on Structural Engineering forYoung Experts.Beijing:Science Press,2008:1917-1922.
[17]袁勇,禹海涛,陈之毅.软土浅埋框架结构抗震计算方法评价[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(8):50-56.YUAN Yong,YU Hai-tao,CHEN Zhi-yi.Evalua-tion of seismic calculation methods for shallow-buriedframe structures in soft soil[J].Journal of Vibrationand Shock,2009,28(8):50-56.
[18]Harichandran R S,Vanmarcke E H.Stochastic vari-ation of earthquake ground motion in space and time[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1986,112(2):154-174.
[19]Zerva A.Response of multi-span beams to spatiallyincoherent seismic ground motions[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1990,19(6):819-832.
[20]Ono K,Shimamura S,Kasai H.Seismic isolation forunderground structures[C]//Proceedings of the4thUS-Japan Workshop on Earthquake Disaster Preven-tion for Lifeline Systems.CA,USA:Los Angeles,1992,N840:245-259.
[21]Shimamura S,Kasai H,Haruumi M.Seismic isola-tion effect for a tunnel with a soft isolation layer[J].Structural Engineering and Earthquake Engineering,1999,16(2):143-154.
[22]Zhi H T,Otsuka H,Toyonaga S.Isolation analysisof underground structure[J].Memoirs of the Facultyof Engineering,1999,59(1):21-28.
[23]Kim D S,Konagai K.Seismic isolation effect of atunnel covered with coating material[J].Tunnellingand Underground Space Technology,2000,15(4):437-443.
[24]Abrahamson N A,Schneider J F,Stepp J C.Empiri-cal spatial coherency functions for soil-structure in-teraction analyses[J].Earthquake Spectra,1991,7(1):1-27.
[25]严松宏,高波,潘昌实.地震作用下沉管隧道接头力学性能分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):286-289.YAN Song-hong,GAO Bo,PAN Chang-shi.Dynamic property analysis on joint for submergedtunnel under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):286-289.
[26]Anastasopoulos I,Gerolymos N,Drosos V,et al.Behaviour of deep immersed tunnel under combinednormal fault rupture deformation and subsequentseismic shaking[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineer-ing,2008,6(2):213-239.
[27]杨林德,杨超,季倩倩,等.地铁车站的振动台试验与地震响应的计算方法[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2003,31(10):1135-1140.YANG Lin-de,YANG Chao,JI Qian-qian,et al.Shaking table test and numerical calculation on sub-way station structures in soft soil[J].Journal ofTongji University:Natural Science,2003,31(10):1135-1140.
[28]陈国兴,庄海洋,杜修力,等.液化场地土-地铁车站结构大型振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(3):163-170.CHEN Guo-xing,ZHUANG Hai-yang,DU Xiu-li,et al.Large-scale shaking table test for subway sta-tion structure built in liquefiable saturated fine sandsoil[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engi-neering Vibration,2007,27(3):163-170.
[29]姜忻良,徐炳伟,焦莹.大型土-桩-复杂结构振动台模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(10):98-105.JIANG Xin-liang,XU Bing-wei,JIAO Ying.Analy-sis of shaking table test of large-scale soil-pile-com-plex structure interaction[J].China Civil EngineeringJournal,2010,43(10):98-105.
[30]Chen J,Shi X J,Li J.Shaking table test of utilitytunnel under non-uniform earthquake wave excitation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30(11):1400-1416.
[2]傅继阳,吴玖荣,徐安.广州洲头咀沉管隧道地震响应研究[J].湖南大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(9):23-27.FU Ji-yang,WU Jiu-rong,XU An.Seismic responseof Zhoutouzui immersed tunnel in Guangzhou[J].Journal of Hunan University:Natural Science,2008,35(9):23-27.
[3]陈贵红,高波,赵玉光.沉管隧道抗震研究[J].地震研究,2006,29(1):60-64.CHEN Gui-hong,GAO Bo,ZHAO Yu-guang.Earthquake-resistant research of immersed tunnel[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2006,29(1):60-64.
[4]Klyomlya O.Earthquake-resistant design features ofimmersed tunnels in Japan[J].Tunneling and Under-ground Space Technology,1995,10(4):463-475.
[5]Lyngs J H.Model accuracy in aseismic design of im-mersed tunnel[D].Greece:Aalborg Univerisity,2008.
[6]严松宏,高峰,李德武,等.沉管隧道地震响应分析若干问题的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(5):846-850.YAN Song-hong,GAO Feng,LI De-wu,et al.Studies on some issues of seismic response analysesfor submerged tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2004,23(5):846-850.
[7]韩大建,周阿兴.沉管隧道地震响应分析的等效质点系模型探讨[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,1999,27(11):108-114.HAN Da-jian,ZHOU A-xing.A study on the equiv-alent mass-system models for the analysis for earth-quake response of an immersed tunnel[J].Journal ofSouth China University of Technology:Natural Sci-ence,1999,27(11):108-114.
[8]韩大建,周阿兴,黄炎生.珠江水下沉管隧道的抗震分析与设计:I.时程响应法[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,1999,27(11):115-121.HAN Da-jian,ZHOU A-xing,HUANG Yan-sheng.Aseismic analysis and design of the Pearl River Tun-nel:I.Time domain response method[J].Journal ofSouth China University of Technology:Natural Sci-ence,1999,27(11):115-121.
[9]韩大建,唐增洪.珠江水下沉管隧道的抗震分析与设计:II.行波法[J].华南理工大学学报:自然科学版,1999,27(11):122-130.HAN Da-jian,TANG Zeng-hong.Aseismic analysisand design of the Pear River Tunnel:II.Travellingwave method[J].Journal of South China Universityof Technology:Natural Science,1999,27(11):122-130.
[10]Ding J H,Jin X L,Guo Y Z,et al.Numerical simu-lation for large-scale seismic response analysis ofimmersed tunnel[J].Engineering Structures,2006,28(10):1367-1377.
[11]Yu H T,Yuan Y,Chen Z Y,et al.Full 3D numeri-cal simulation method and its application to seismicresponse analysis of water-conveyance tunnel[C]//International Symposium on Computational StructuralEngineering.Beijing:Springer,2009:349-358.
[12]Yu H T,Yuan Y,Chen Z Y,et al.Numerical simu-lation for large-scale seismic response analysis oflong-distance water-conveyance shield tunnel[C]//International Conference on Pipelines and TrenchlessTechnology.Shanghai:ASCE,2009:1197-1211.
[13]Lu J F,Jeng D S,Lee T S.Dynamic response of apiecewise circular tunnel embedded in a poroelasticmedium[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineer-ing,2007,27(9):875-891.
[14]Penzien J.Seismically induced racking of tunnellinings[J].Earthquake Engineering and StructuralDynamics,2000,29:683-691.
[15]Gil L M,Hernandez E,De la Fuente P.Simplifiedtransverse seismic analysis of buried structures[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2001,21(8):735-740.
[16]Yu H T,Chen Z Y,Yuan Y.2-D seismic fragilityanalysis and structural type effect of a multi-spansubway station[C]//Proceedings of the Tenth Inter-national Symposium on Structural Engineering forYoung Experts.Beijing:Science Press,2008:1917-1922.
[17]袁勇,禹海涛,陈之毅.软土浅埋框架结构抗震计算方法评价[J].振动与冲击,2009,28(8):50-56.YUAN Yong,YU Hai-tao,CHEN Zhi-yi.Evalua-tion of seismic calculation methods for shallow-buriedframe structures in soft soil[J].Journal of Vibrationand Shock,2009,28(8):50-56.
[18]Harichandran R S,Vanmarcke E H.Stochastic vari-ation of earthquake ground motion in space and time[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1986,112(2):154-174.
[19]Zerva A.Response of multi-span beams to spatiallyincoherent seismic ground motions[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1990,19(6):819-832.
[20]Ono K,Shimamura S,Kasai H.Seismic isolation forunderground structures[C]//Proceedings of the4thUS-Japan Workshop on Earthquake Disaster Preven-tion for Lifeline Systems.CA,USA:Los Angeles,1992,N840:245-259.
[21]Shimamura S,Kasai H,Haruumi M.Seismic isola-tion effect for a tunnel with a soft isolation layer[J].Structural Engineering and Earthquake Engineering,1999,16(2):143-154.
[22]Zhi H T,Otsuka H,Toyonaga S.Isolation analysisof underground structure[J].Memoirs of the Facultyof Engineering,1999,59(1):21-28.
[23]Kim D S,Konagai K.Seismic isolation effect of atunnel covered with coating material[J].Tunnellingand Underground Space Technology,2000,15(4):437-443.
[24]Abrahamson N A,Schneider J F,Stepp J C.Empiri-cal spatial coherency functions for soil-structure in-teraction analyses[J].Earthquake Spectra,1991,7(1):1-27.
[25]严松宏,高波,潘昌实.地震作用下沉管隧道接头力学性能分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):286-289.YAN Song-hong,GAO Bo,PAN Chang-shi.Dynamic property analysis on joint for submergedtunnel under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):286-289.
[26]Anastasopoulos I,Gerolymos N,Drosos V,et al.Behaviour of deep immersed tunnel under combinednormal fault rupture deformation and subsequentseismic shaking[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineer-ing,2008,6(2):213-239.
[27]杨林德,杨超,季倩倩,等.地铁车站的振动台试验与地震响应的计算方法[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2003,31(10):1135-1140.YANG Lin-de,YANG Chao,JI Qian-qian,et al.Shaking table test and numerical calculation on sub-way station structures in soft soil[J].Journal ofTongji University:Natural Science,2003,31(10):1135-1140.
[28]陈国兴,庄海洋,杜修力,等.液化场地土-地铁车站结构大型振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(3):163-170.CHEN Guo-xing,ZHUANG Hai-yang,DU Xiu-li,et al.Large-scale shaking table test for subway sta-tion structure built in liquefiable saturated fine sandsoil[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engi-neering Vibration,2007,27(3):163-170.
[29]姜忻良,徐炳伟,焦莹.大型土-桩-复杂结构振动台模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(10):98-105.JIANG Xin-liang,XU Bing-wei,JIAO Ying.Analy-sis of shaking table test of large-scale soil-pile-com-plex structure interaction[J].China Civil EngineeringJournal,2010,43(10):98-105.
[30]Chen J,Shi X J,Li J.Shaking table test of utilitytunnel under non-uniform earthquake wave excitation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30(11):1400-1416.
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