Ⅳ级围岩铁路隧道抗震计算上覆土柱合理计算高度
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摘要
我国越来越多的地下工程揭示了地震系数法用于抗震计算中的局限性。当隧道埋深很小时,其计算结果偏小;埋深超过一定值后,该方法由于夸大了隧道上覆土柱地震惯性力的影响,使计算结果急剧增加,与实际震害现象严重不符,因此迫切需要对地震系数法进行修正以适应实际工程的需要。首先依据地震系数法进行抗震计算,分析其特点和存在的局限。并在Ⅳ级围岩条件下,分别采用地震系数法﹑反应位移法和时程分析法,对不同跨度的洞室进行抗震计算,并通过振动台试验结果验证,最终获得Ⅳ级围岩条件不同跨度下地震系数法的上覆土柱合理计算高度,研究成果可供隧道工程抗震计算参考。
Seismic coefficient method shows its limitation used for seismic computation of underground constructions in China.The computation result is relatively small when tunnel is buried shallow very much,while the result increases dramatically when the buried depth of tunnel reaches a certain value because the inertia force of overburden soil is overestimated,so the results computed from this method is not in accordance with the seismic damage of tunnels.It is necessary to modify this method to make it better fit for the practical engineering.In this paper,the seismic calculation based on seismic coefficient method is carried out,and the limitation of the method is analyzed.Then seismic coefficient method,seismic deformation method,and time history analysis method are applied to tunnels' seismic calculation in surrounding rock of class Ⅳat different width of the cavity.The results of shaking table test are also used to verify the computation results.Finally,the advisable calculation heights of tunnel overburden soil with seismic coefficient method in surrounding rock of class Ⅳ are presented,which is helpful in seismic calculation of tunnel.
Seismic coefficient method shows its limitation used for seismic computation of underground constructions in China.The computation result is relatively small when tunnel is buried shallow very much,while the result increases dramatically when the buried depth of tunnel reaches a certain value because the inertia force of overburden soil is overestimated,so the results computed from this method is not in accordance with the seismic damage of tunnels.It is necessary to modify this method to make it better fit for the practical engineering.In this paper,the seismic calculation based on seismic coefficient method is carried out,and the limitation of the method is analyzed.Then seismic coefficient method,seismic deformation method,and time history analysis method are applied to tunnels' seismic calculation in surrounding rock of class Ⅳat different width of the cavity.The results of shaking table test are also used to verify the computation results.Finally,the advisable calculation heights of tunnel overburden soil with seismic coefficient method in surrounding rock of class Ⅳ are presented,which is helpful in seismic calculation of tunnel.
引文
[1]钱七虎,何川,晏启祥.隧道工程动力响应特性与汶川地震隧道震害分析及启示[C]//汶川大地震工程震害调查分析与研究,2009:702-706
[2]刘晶波,李彬,谷音.地铁盾构隧道地震反应分析[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2005,45(6):757-760(LiuJingbo,Li Bin,Gu Yin.Seismic response analysis ofshielded subway tunnels[J].Journal of TsinghuaUniversity:Science and Technology Edition,2005,45(6):757-760(in Chinese))
[3]郑永来,杨林德.地下结构震害与抗震对策[J].工程抗震,1999(4):23-28
[4]GB50111—2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:铁道出版社,2006(GB50111—2006Code for seismicdesign of railway engineering[S].Beijing:China RailwayPress,2006(in Chinese))
[5]吕和林.一种用于浅埋隧道抗震分析的拟静力数值方法[J].西南交通大学学报,1999,34(3):315-319(LuHelin.A mimetic statics numeric method on earthquakeresistance analysis of shallow buried tunnels[J].Journal ofSouthwest Jiaotong University,1999,34(3):315-319(inChinese))
[6]边金,陶连金,张印涛,等.地下结构抗震设计方法的比较与分析[J].现代隧道技术,2008,45(6):50-55(BianJin,Tao Lianjin,Zhang Yintao,et al.Comparison andanalysis of the aseismic design methods for undergroundstructures[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2008,45(6):50-55(in Chinese))
[7]刘如山,胡少卿,石宏彬.地下结构抗震计算中拟静力法的地震荷载施加方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(2):237—242(Liu Rushan,Hu Shaoqing,ShiHongbin.Study on seismic loading of pseudo-staticapproach used in the seismic design of undergroundstructure[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2007,29(2):237-242(in Chinese))
[8]GB50267—1997核电厂抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1998(GB50267—1997Code for seismicdesign of nuclear power plants[S].Beijing:ChinaPlanning Press,1998(in Chinese))
[9]Kawamata K.Seismic design of underground structure[M].Tokyo:Kajima Press,1994(in Japanese)
[10]黄先锋.地下结构的抗震计算─—位移响应法[J].铁道建筑,1999(6):3-6
[11]耿萍,何川,晏启祥.盾构隧道纵向地震响应分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2007,42(3):283-287(Geng Ping,He Chuan,Yan Qixiang.Analysis of longitudinal seismicresponse of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Southwest JiaotongUniversity,2007,42(3):283-287(in Chinese))
[12]庄海洋,陈国兴.软弱地基浅埋地铁区间隧洞的地震反应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2506-2512(Zhuang Haiyang,Chen Guoxing.Earthquakeresponse of shallow subway tunnels in soft foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2506—2512(in Chinese))
[13]铁道部第二设计院.铁路工程设计技术手册(隧道)[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1978:436-439
[14]Sharma S,Judd W R.Underground opening damage fromearthquake[J].Engineering Geology,1991,30(4):263-276
[15]李天斌.汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):742-750(Li Tianbin.Failure characteristics and influence factoranalysis of mountain tunnels at zones of great Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):742-750(in Chinese))
[16]耿萍.铁路隧道抗震计算方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011(Geng Ping.Research on the seismiccalculation method of railway tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2011(in Chinese))
[2]刘晶波,李彬,谷音.地铁盾构隧道地震反应分析[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2005,45(6):757-760(LiuJingbo,Li Bin,Gu Yin.Seismic response analysis ofshielded subway tunnels[J].Journal of TsinghuaUniversity:Science and Technology Edition,2005,45(6):757-760(in Chinese))
[3]郑永来,杨林德.地下结构震害与抗震对策[J].工程抗震,1999(4):23-28
[4]GB50111—2006铁路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:铁道出版社,2006(GB50111—2006Code for seismicdesign of railway engineering[S].Beijing:China RailwayPress,2006(in Chinese))
[5]吕和林.一种用于浅埋隧道抗震分析的拟静力数值方法[J].西南交通大学学报,1999,34(3):315-319(LuHelin.A mimetic statics numeric method on earthquakeresistance analysis of shallow buried tunnels[J].Journal ofSouthwest Jiaotong University,1999,34(3):315-319(inChinese))
[6]边金,陶连金,张印涛,等.地下结构抗震设计方法的比较与分析[J].现代隧道技术,2008,45(6):50-55(BianJin,Tao Lianjin,Zhang Yintao,et al.Comparison andanalysis of the aseismic design methods for undergroundstructures[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2008,45(6):50-55(in Chinese))
[7]刘如山,胡少卿,石宏彬.地下结构抗震计算中拟静力法的地震荷载施加方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(2):237—242(Liu Rushan,Hu Shaoqing,ShiHongbin.Study on seismic loading of pseudo-staticapproach used in the seismic design of undergroundstructure[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2007,29(2):237-242(in Chinese))
[8]GB50267—1997核电厂抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1998(GB50267—1997Code for seismicdesign of nuclear power plants[S].Beijing:ChinaPlanning Press,1998(in Chinese))
[9]Kawamata K.Seismic design of underground structure[M].Tokyo:Kajima Press,1994(in Japanese)
[10]黄先锋.地下结构的抗震计算─—位移响应法[J].铁道建筑,1999(6):3-6
[11]耿萍,何川,晏启祥.盾构隧道纵向地震响应分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2007,42(3):283-287(Geng Ping,He Chuan,Yan Qixiang.Analysis of longitudinal seismicresponse of shield tunnel[J].Journal of Southwest JiaotongUniversity,2007,42(3):283-287(in Chinese))
[12]庄海洋,陈国兴.软弱地基浅埋地铁区间隧洞的地震反应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2506-2512(Zhuang Haiyang,Chen Guoxing.Earthquakeresponse of shallow subway tunnels in soft foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2506—2512(in Chinese))
[13]铁道部第二设计院.铁路工程设计技术手册(隧道)[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1978:436-439
[14]Sharma S,Judd W R.Underground opening damage fromearthquake[J].Engineering Geology,1991,30(4):263-276
[15]李天斌.汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):742-750(Li Tianbin.Failure characteristics and influence factoranalysis of mountain tunnels at zones of great Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):742-750(in Chinese))
[16]耿萍.铁路隧道抗震计算方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011(Geng Ping.Research on the seismiccalculation method of railway tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2011(in Chinese))
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