溪洛渡电站地下洞室群爆破地震效应的研究
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摘要
采用现场爆破振动测试研究复杂地下导流洞群爆破地震波传播规律,并利用萨道夫斯基经验公式对测试数据进行回归分析,测试结果表明水平向爆破质点峰值振动速度可以作为地下洞室的安全判据;应用FLAC3D数值软件模拟爆破振动对相邻洞室的影响,得到爆破振动作用下相邻洞室振动速度、应力和位移的分布规律,并从静载作用和动载作用两方面分析评价相邻洞室的安全稳定性。计算结果表明:现场测试结果与计算结果吻合较好;采用振动速度作为安全判据是可行的;爆破振动作用下相邻洞室迎爆侧是容易出现破坏的区域,且随着冲击荷载增大,迎爆侧直墙最容易出现拉伸破坏。最后针对具体工程,根据相邻洞室洞壁最大拉应力与最大振动速度的统计关系,并结合岩石动态抗拉强度准则提出爆破振动作用下相邻洞室发生破坏的临界振动速度。
Based on field testing of blasting vibration,the blasting seismic wave propagation laws in underground diversion tunnels under complicated construction conditions are studied. Regression analysis of testing data is conducted according to Sadaovsky empirical formula and the field testing results indicate that horizontal particle peak velocity of blasting vibration can be taken as safety criterion for underground chambers. The numerical simulation is carried out to study the influence of blasting vibration on adjacent diversion tunnels by software the fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3D(FLAC3D) and distributions of particle vibration velocity,stress and displacement of the adjacent diversion tunnel wall are obtained. The stability of adjacent chamber is assessed by considering the effect of static load and dynamic load separately. The result of numerical simulation shows that the blasting vibration responses predicted by numerical simulation agree well with field testing;and it is reasonable to use blasting vibration velocity as safety criterion. The near-blasting side of adjacent tunnel is the area where failure tends to occur under blasting load;and the tensile failure will appear possibly in adjacent tunnel straight wall facing blasting with the blasting impact load increasing. Finally,the critical vibration velocity of adjacent chamber under blasting vibration is proposed according to the statistical relationship between maximum tensile stress and maximum vibration velocity combined with the dynamic tensile strength criteria of rock for a project.
Based on field testing of blasting vibration,the blasting seismic wave propagation laws in underground diversion tunnels under complicated construction conditions are studied. Regression analysis of testing data is conducted according to Sadaovsky empirical formula and the field testing results indicate that horizontal particle peak velocity of blasting vibration can be taken as safety criterion for underground chambers. The numerical simulation is carried out to study the influence of blasting vibration on adjacent diversion tunnels by software the fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3D(FLAC3D) and distributions of particle vibration velocity,stress and displacement of the adjacent diversion tunnel wall are obtained. The stability of adjacent chamber is assessed by considering the effect of static load and dynamic load separately. The result of numerical simulation shows that the blasting vibration responses predicted by numerical simulation agree well with field testing;and it is reasonable to use blasting vibration velocity as safety criterion. The near-blasting side of adjacent tunnel is the area where failure tends to occur under blasting load;and the tensile failure will appear possibly in adjacent tunnel straight wall facing blasting with the blasting impact load increasing. Finally,the critical vibration velocity of adjacent chamber under blasting vibration is proposed according to the statistical relationship between maximum tensile stress and maximum vibration velocity combined with the dynamic tensile strength criteria of rock for a project.
引文
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[15]刘汉东,姜彤,黄志全,等.岩体力学参数优选理论及应用[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2006.(LIU Handong,JIANG Tong,HUANG Zhiquan,et al.Rock mechanics parameter optimization theory and application[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Conservancy Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[2]龚建伍,夏才初,郑志东,等.鹤上三车道小净距隧道爆破振动测试与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(9):1882–1887.(GONG Jianwu,XIA Caichu,ZHENG Zhidong,et al.Measurement and analysis of blasting vibration in Heshang three-lane tunnels with clear small space[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(9):1882–1887.(in Chinese))
[3]李利平,李术才,张庆松,等.小间距隧道爆破动力响应分析[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(7):100–106.(LI Liping,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Analysis of dynamic response on blasting excavation of close spaced tunnel[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2008,25(7):100–106.(in Chinese))
[4]LANGEFORS U,KIHLSTROM B.The modem technique of rock blasting[M].New York:[s.n.],1973.
[5]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB722–2003爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB722–2003Safety rules of blasting[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2003.(in Chinese))
[6]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DT/T5389–2007水工建筑物岩石基础开挖工程施工技术规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.DT/T5389–2007Construction technical specifications on rock-foundation excavating engineering of hydraulic structures[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[7]吕淑然.露天台阶爆破地震效应[M].北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2006.(LU Shuran.Opencast mines bench blasting seismic effect[M].Beijing:Capital University of Economics and Business Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[8]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.(DAI Jun.Dynamic behaviors and blasting theory of rock[M].Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[9]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.(WANG Wenlong.Drilling and blasting[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1984.(in Chinese))
[10]王礼立.应力波基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1993.(WANG Lili.Foundation of stress waves[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[11]陈宝心,杨勤荣.爆破动力学基础[M].武汉:湖北科技出版社,2005.(CHEN Baoxin,YANG Qinrong.Fundamentals of blasting dynamics[M].Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[12]许红涛.岩石高边坡爆破动力稳定性研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:武汉大学,2006.(XU Hongtao.Study of the dynamic stability of high rock slope induced by blasting vibration[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2006.(in Chinese))
[13]夏祥.爆炸荷载作用下岩体损伤特征及安全阈值研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2006.(XIA Xiang.Study of damage characteristics and safety threshold of rock vibration by blast[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.(in Chinese))
[14]李夕兵,古德生.岩石冲击动力学[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1994.(LI Xibing,GU Desheng.Rock impact dynamics[M].Changsha:Central South University of Technology Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[15]刘汉东,姜彤,黄志全,等.岩体力学参数优选理论及应用[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2006.(LIU Handong,JIANG Tong,HUANG Zhiquan,et al.Rock mechanics parameter optimization theory and application[M].Zhengzhou:Yellow River Conservancy Press,2006.(in Chinese))
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