液化地基中沉箱码头墙体地震残余变形的有效动应力研究
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摘要
以变形作为地震工程安全设计的控制标准是近年来逐渐发展的趋势,海港公路工程中大型重力式沉箱码头在液化地基中的地震残余变形的分析是较复杂的。采用定义在应变空间中考虑土体动主应力轴方向偏转影响的多重剪切机构塑性模型的动力有效应力分析方法,分别从地震加速度幅值、码头底部置换砂与码头身后回填砂土的标贯击数、处理范围以及码头宽高比等详细分析了码头地震残余变形随各影响因素的变化规律,结果表明,地震动水平、置换砂处理厚度、标贯击数和码头的宽高比是较敏感的影响因素,对残余变形具有显著的影响,且回填砂的加固存在一个合理有效范围。计算绘出的一系列分布图有助于工程设计者初步预测码头的地震残余变形。
The deformation control criterion in seismic engineering design is a new tendency in recent years;and the reason of the seismic residual deformation of large caisson quays is a complex problem in seaport engineering.The effective stress method is used in the study,in which nonlinear constitutive model of a multiple shear mechanism type is defined in strain space;and the effect of rotation of principal stress axis direction has been considered.By the method,the regularity of the seismic residual deformation of caisson quay wall top is analyzed caused by different influential factors such as the level of seismic wave,blow count of standard penetration test(SPT) and disposal extension of replaced sand under quay wall and backfill sand behind quay wall and width-height ratio,etc.Some conclusions are drawn as follows.The level of seismic wave,blow count of SPT and disposal extension of replaced sand under quay wall and width-height ratio are sensitive factors;and that a rational disposal extension in backfill sand behind quay wall exists.A series of calculation distribution figures in the paper can be applied to initially predict the seismic residual deformation of quay walls for engineering designers.
The deformation control criterion in seismic engineering design is a new tendency in recent years;and the reason of the seismic residual deformation of large caisson quays is a complex problem in seaport engineering.The effective stress method is used in the study,in which nonlinear constitutive model of a multiple shear mechanism type is defined in strain space;and the effect of rotation of principal stress axis direction has been considered.By the method,the regularity of the seismic residual deformation of caisson quay wall top is analyzed caused by different influential factors such as the level of seismic wave,blow count of standard penetration test(SPT) and disposal extension of replaced sand under quay wall and backfill sand behind quay wall and width-height ratio,etc.Some conclusions are drawn as follows.The level of seismic wave,blow count of SPT and disposal extension of replaced sand under quay wall and width-height ratio are sensitive factors;and that a rational disposal extension in backfill sand behind quay wall exists.A series of calculation distribution figures in the paper can be applied to initially predict the seismic residual deformation of quay walls for engineering designers.
引文
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[2]INAGAKI H,IAI S,TAKAHIRO S,et al.Performance of caisson on type quay walls at Kobe Port[J].Special Issue of Soils and Foundations,1996,(1):119-136.
[3]LIU HANLONG,SUSUMU IAI,KOJI ICHII.Evaluation of deformation to the pneumatic caisson foundation of Kobe Ohashi bridge[R].Kyoto:Port and Harbour Research Institute,1997.
[4]刘汉龙,周健.大地震作用下构造物、地基与流体协同变形分析[J].水利学报,1999,(9):51-55.LIU Han-long,ZHOU Jian.Analysis on deformations due to soil-structure water interaction during the strong earthquake[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,(9):51-55.
[5]ZIENKIEWICZ O C,BETTESS P.Soils and other saturated media under transient,dynamic load conditions[C]//Soil Mechanics-Transient and Cyclic Loads.[S.l.]:John Wiley and Sons Ltd.,1982:1-16.
[6]王丽艳,姜朋明,刘汉龙.砂性地基中防波堤地震残余变形机制分析与液化度预测法[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3556-3562.WANG Li-yan,JIANG Peng-ming,LIU Han-long.Mechanism analysis of residual liquefied deformation of breakwater during earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3556-3562.
[7]森田年一,井合進,LIU Han-long,et al.液状化による構造物被害予測プログラムFLIPにおいて必要な各種パラメタの簡易設定法[R].京都:京都大学,1997.
[8]王丽艳.可液化砂土中重力式码头地震残余变形的计算方法研究[D].南京:河海大学,2008.
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