汶川地震公路隧道洞口结构震害分析及震害机理研究
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摘要
通过对汶川地震公路隧道震害调查资料的统计分析,对隧道洞口结构进行了震害分析,结果表明:洞外结构受次生灾害影响较大,地震惯性力影响明显;硬岩洞口段隧道结构基本无破坏,软岩洞口段隧道结构震害较严重。通过三维有限差分数值模拟计算和现场典型震害分析,研究了公路隧道洞口结构的震害机理。探明了洞外结构震害机理,即洞外结构受次生灾害影响较大,震害的主要原因是地震惯性力,洞门墙结构和基础设计不合理以及隧道洞口所处位置也是影响洞外结构震害的重要因素。探明了洞口段隧道结构震害机理,即正穿坡面洞口段隧道结构存在软硬围岩交界面时,其附近软岩内隧道结构受较大强制位移作用;正穿坡面洞口段隧道结构覆盖层为软岩时,震害的主要因素是地震惯性力。研究成果对公路隧道洞口结构的抗减震技术有着重要的意义。
By analyzing the seismic survey data of portal structure of highway tunnels in Wenchuan Earthquake,the results show that the structure outside the tunnels is more influenced by the secondary disasters,and impacted by seismic inertia force significantly;and that there is almost no structural damage of tunnel portal section in hard rock,while more serious damage occurs in soft rock.Through three-dimensional finite difference numerical simulation and analysis of typical field damage,seismic damage mechanism of portal structure of highway tunnels is studied.The seismic damage mechanism of structure outside the tunnels is proved,that is,the structure outside the tunnels is more easily influenced by the secondary disasters,and the seismic damage is mainly due to inertia force,and unreasonable design of wall structure and foundation of the tunnel entrance is also an important factor.The damage mechanism is proved of portal structure of tunnels.That is,when the tunnel passes through the slope with soft and hard rock surfaces directly,the tunnel structure around soft rock is greatly affected by the forced displacement.When the tunnel is covered by soft rock,the seismic inertia force is the main factor.These results are significant to the anti-seismic and damping technology of portal structure of highway tunnels.
By analyzing the seismic survey data of portal structure of highway tunnels in Wenchuan Earthquake,the results show that the structure outside the tunnels is more influenced by the secondary disasters,and impacted by seismic inertia force significantly;and that there is almost no structural damage of tunnel portal section in hard rock,while more serious damage occurs in soft rock.Through three-dimensional finite difference numerical simulation and analysis of typical field damage,seismic damage mechanism of portal structure of highway tunnels is studied.The seismic damage mechanism of structure outside the tunnels is proved,that is,the structure outside the tunnels is more easily influenced by the secondary disasters,and the seismic damage is mainly due to inertia force,and unreasonable design of wall structure and foundation of the tunnel entrance is also an important factor.The damage mechanism is proved of portal structure of tunnels.That is,when the tunnel passes through the slope with soft and hard rock surfaces directly,the tunnel structure around soft rock is greatly affected by the forced displacement.When the tunnel is covered by soft rock,the seismic inertia force is the main factor.These results are significant to the anti-seismic and damping technology of portal structure of highway tunnels.
引文
[1]崔光耀,王明年,林国进,等.汶川地震区典型公路隧道衬砌震害类型统计分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2011,22(1):122-127.(CUI Guang-yao,WANG Ming-nian,LINGuo-jin,et al.Statistical analysis of earthquake damage typesof typical highway tunnel lining structure in Wenchuanseismic disastrous area[J].Chinese Journal of GeologicalHazard and Control,2011,22(1):122-127.(in Chinese))
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[4]四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院.5.12汶川地震灾区高速公路和国省干线公路恢复重建工程调查、检测、评估[R].成都:四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院,2008.(Highway Planning,Survey,Design and Research Institute,Sichuan Provincial Communications Department.Investigation,detection and evaluation of the restoration andreconstruction project of highways,national and provincialtrunk roads in disaster areas induced by WenchuanEarthquake on May 12,2008[R].Chengdu:HighwayPlanning,Survey,Design and Research Institute,SichuanProvincial Communications Department,2008.(in Chinese))
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[7]郑清.山岭隧道震害分析及洞口段地震动力响应研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.(ZHENG Qing.Analysis ofmountain tunnel seismic damage and study on dynamicresponse of tunnel entrance[D].Chengdu:Southwest JiaotongUniversity,2010.(in Chinese))
[8]张林.山岭隧道洞口段地震动力响应及杭减震措施研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2010.(ZHANG Lin.Study onseismic dynamic response and damping measures ofmountain tunnel portal tunnel[D].Chongqing:ChongqingJiaotong University,2010.(in Chinese))
[9]袁帅.浅埋隧道地震动力响应分析及减震措施研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.(YUAN Shuai.Seismicresponse analysis of shallow-depth tunnel and vibrationabsorption measure[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University ofTechnology,2008.(in Chinese))
[10]石波.雅泸高速公路勒布果喇吉隧道洞口段地震动力响应研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2008.(SHI Bo.Studyon seismic dynamic response of Lebuguolaji tunnel in Yaluexpressway[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2008.(in Chinese))
[11]索然绪.雅泸高速公路徐店子隧道洞口段地震动力响应研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2007.(SUO Ran-xun.Studyon seismic dynamic response of Xudizi tunnel in Yaluexpressway[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2007.(in Chinese)).
[12]方亮.输气管道小断面隧道洞口段地震动力响应研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.(FANG Liang.Study onseismic dynamic response of gas pipeline tunnel protal withsmall cross-section[D].Chengdu:Southwest JiaotongUniversity,2010.(in Chinese))
[13]苏惠,贾良,严松宏,等.隧道洞口段结构地震响应分析[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2010,8(2):156-158.(SUHui,JIA Liang,YAN Song-hong,et al.Analysis ofanti-seismic fortified length in tunnel portal and outlet[J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2010,8(2):156-158.(in Chinese))
[14]蒋树屏,蒋华,王晓雯,等.高烈度地震区公路隧道洞口段地震响应分析[J].公路,2009(2):194-198.(JIANGShu-ping,JIANG Hua,WANG Xiao-wen,et al.Analysis ofseismic response in tunnel entrance of highway in seismicregion with strong motion[J].Highway,2009(2):194-198.(in Chinese))
[15]皇民,高波,魏来.高烈度区隧道洞口段地震响应研究[J].地震研究,2008,31(2):180-185.(HUANG Min,GAO Bo,WEI Lai.Seismic response of tunnel entrance inhigh intensity area[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2008,31(2):180-185.(in Chinese))
[2]李天斌.汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):742-750.(LITian-bing.Failure characteristics and influence factoranalysis of mountain tunnels at epicenter zones of greatWenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2008,16(6):742-750.(in Chinese))
[3]高波,王峥峥,袁松,等.汶川地震公路隧道震害启示[J].西南交通大学学报,2009,44(3):336-374.(GAO Bo,WANG Zheng-zheng,YUAN Song,et al.Lessons learnt fromdamage of highway tunnels in Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2009,44(3):336-374.(in Chinese))
[4]四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院.5.12汶川地震灾区高速公路和国省干线公路恢复重建工程调查、检测、评估[R].成都:四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院,2008.(Highway Planning,Survey,Design and Research Institute,Sichuan Provincial Communications Department.Investigation,detection and evaluation of the restoration andreconstruction project of highways,national and provincialtrunk roads in disaster areas induced by WenchuanEarthquake on May 12,2008[R].Chengdu:HighwayPlanning,Survey,Design and Research Institute,SichuanProvincial Communications Department,2008.(in Chinese))
[5]王明年,崔光耀.高烈度地震区隧道减震模型的建立及其减震效果模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1884-1890.(WANG Ming-nian,CUI Guang-yao.Establishment oftunnel damping model and research on damping effect withmodel test in highly seismic area[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2010,31(6):1884-1890.(in Chinese))
[6]孙铁成.双洞错距山岭隧道洞口段地震动力响应及减震措施研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2009.(SUN Tie-cheng.Studyon earthquake responses and vibration-absorption measures fortwo-tunnels of mountain tunnel with staggered space[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2009.(in Chinese))
[7]郑清.山岭隧道震害分析及洞口段地震动力响应研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.(ZHENG Qing.Analysis ofmountain tunnel seismic damage and study on dynamicresponse of tunnel entrance[D].Chengdu:Southwest JiaotongUniversity,2010.(in Chinese))
[8]张林.山岭隧道洞口段地震动力响应及杭减震措施研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2010.(ZHANG Lin.Study onseismic dynamic response and damping measures ofmountain tunnel portal tunnel[D].Chongqing:ChongqingJiaotong University,2010.(in Chinese))
[9]袁帅.浅埋隧道地震动力响应分析及减震措施研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.(YUAN Shuai.Seismicresponse analysis of shallow-depth tunnel and vibrationabsorption measure[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University ofTechnology,2008.(in Chinese))
[10]石波.雅泸高速公路勒布果喇吉隧道洞口段地震动力响应研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2008.(SHI Bo.Studyon seismic dynamic response of Lebuguolaji tunnel in Yaluexpressway[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2008.(in Chinese))
[11]索然绪.雅泸高速公路徐店子隧道洞口段地震动力响应研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2007.(SUO Ran-xun.Studyon seismic dynamic response of Xudizi tunnel in Yaluexpressway[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2007.(in Chinese)).
[12]方亮.输气管道小断面隧道洞口段地震动力响应研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.(FANG Liang.Study onseismic dynamic response of gas pipeline tunnel protal withsmall cross-section[D].Chengdu:Southwest JiaotongUniversity,2010.(in Chinese))
[13]苏惠,贾良,严松宏,等.隧道洞口段结构地震响应分析[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2010,8(2):156-158.(SUHui,JIA Liang,YAN Song-hong,et al.Analysis ofanti-seismic fortified length in tunnel portal and outlet[J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2010,8(2):156-158.(in Chinese))
[14]蒋树屏,蒋华,王晓雯,等.高烈度地震区公路隧道洞口段地震响应分析[J].公路,2009(2):194-198.(JIANGShu-ping,JIANG Hua,WANG Xiao-wen,et al.Analysis ofseismic response in tunnel entrance of highway in seismicregion with strong motion[J].Highway,2009(2):194-198.(in Chinese))
[15]皇民,高波,魏来.高烈度区隧道洞口段地震响应研究[J].地震研究,2008,31(2):180-185.(HUANG Min,GAO Bo,WEI Lai.Seismic response of tunnel entrance inhigh intensity area[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2008,31(2):180-185.(in Chinese))
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