近断层地震动下的高速铁路桥梁减震设计
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摘要
在"功能分离"设计理念基础上,提出减震榫与拉索限位器组合的高速铁路桥梁减震方案,通过减震榫的屈服耗能作用减小桥梁的地震响应,通过拉索限位器控制减震榫的过大变形和防落梁,给出减震榫和拉索限位器在多遇地震、设计地震和罕遇地震下的设计准则和设计方法。以1座高速铁路连续梁桥为例,研究在具有向前方向性效应、滑冲效应和无速度脉冲效应的近断层地震动下,采用组合减震方案桥梁结构的抗震性能。结果表明:仅采用减震榫的桥梁在速度脉冲型近断层地震作用下可能因减震榫变形过大而不安全;加设拉索限位器后,能有效地控制减震榫的变形及墩梁的相对位移,起到了较好减震效果,其减震率在60%以上。
Based on the design idea of"functional separation",a new seismic isolation system including steel energy absorbers and cable restrainers was proposed for high speed railway bridges.The steel energy absorbers reduced the seismic response of bridge through yield energy dissipation.The cable restrainers were effective in controlling the excessive deformation of steel energy absorbers and falling-off prevention.The design criteria and methods for steel energy absorbers and cable restrainers under frequent earthquake,design earthquake and rare earthquake were given respectively.Taking a continuous beam bridge for high speed railway as an example,three groups of ground motions with distinct characteristics such as forward rupture directivity,fling-step effect and without velocity pulse were selected as seismic excitation.The seismic performance of bridge with new seismic isolation system was investigated.Results indicate that the bridge isolated with steel energy absorbers alone is not safe due to the excessive deformation of steel energy absorbers under near-fault ground motions with velocity pulse.Cable restrainers can effectively control the deformation of steel energy absorbers and the relative displacement of piers and beams.The seismic performance of the bridge of the new isolation system with steel energy absorbers and cable restrainers is effectively improved,and the decreasing ratio of seismic response can exceed 60%.
Based on the design idea of"functional separation",a new seismic isolation system including steel energy absorbers and cable restrainers was proposed for high speed railway bridges.The steel energy absorbers reduced the seismic response of bridge through yield energy dissipation.The cable restrainers were effective in controlling the excessive deformation of steel energy absorbers and falling-off prevention.The design criteria and methods for steel energy absorbers and cable restrainers under frequent earthquake,design earthquake and rare earthquake were given respectively.Taking a continuous beam bridge for high speed railway as an example,three groups of ground motions with distinct characteristics such as forward rupture directivity,fling-step effect and without velocity pulse were selected as seismic excitation.The seismic performance of bridge with new seismic isolation system was investigated.Results indicate that the bridge isolated with steel energy absorbers alone is not safe due to the excessive deformation of steel energy absorbers under near-fault ground motions with velocity pulse.Cable restrainers can effectively control the deformation of steel energy absorbers and the relative displacement of piers and beams.The seismic performance of the bridge of the new isolation system with steel energy absorbers and cable restrainers is effectively improved,and the decreasing ratio of seismic response can exceed 60%.
引文
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[11]AASHTO.Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design[S].3rd ed.Washington DC:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,2010.
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[13]PAULAY T,PRIESTLEY M J N.Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,Inc,1992.
[14]杨迪雄,潘建伟,李刚.近断层脉冲型地震动作用下建筑结构的层间变形分布特征和机理分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(4):108-118.(YANG Dixiong,PAN Jianwei,LI Gang.Deformational Distribution Feature and Mechanism Analysis of Building Structures Subjected to Near-Fault Pulse-Type Ground Motions[J].Journal of Building Structures,2009,30(4):108-118.in Chinese)
[2]BESSASON B,HAFLIDASON E.Recorded and Numerical Strong Motion Response of a Base-Isolated Bridge[J].Earthquake Spectra,2004,20(2):309-332.
[3]JNSSON M H,BESSASON B,HAFLIDASON E.Earthquake Response of a Base-Isolated Bridge Subjected to Strong Near-Fault Ground Motion[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30(6):447-455.
[4]于芳,温留汉·黑沙,周福霖.设置限位器的双向隔震铁路桥梁动力响应特性研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(增1):345-351.(YU Fang,WENLIUHAN Heisha,ZHOU Fulin.Research on the Dynamic Performance of Railway Bridge Bidirectional Seismic Isolation Bearings with Deformation Restrict[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2010,43(Supplement 1):345-351.in Chinese)
[5]张常勇,钟铁毅,季文刚.铁路连续梁桥横向减隔震支座参数研究[J].中国铁道科学,2011,32(4):19-23.(ZHANG Changyong,ZHONG Tieyi,JI Wengang.Study on the Parameters of the Transverse Seismic Isolation Bearings of Railway Continuous Beam Bridge[J].China Railway Science,2011,32(4):19-23.in Chinese)
[6]钟铁毅,吕吉应,张常勇.铁路隔震连续梁桥地震碰撞响应研究[J].中国铁道科学,2012,33(3):16-20.(ZHONG Tieyi,LJiying,ZHANG Changyong.Study on the Seismic Pounding Responses of Seismically Isolated Railway Continuous Beam Bridge[J].China Railway Science,2012,33(3):16-20.in Chinese)
[7]杨文武.台湾高速铁路C270标段高架桥设计概述[J].铁道学报,2007,29(3):132-136.(YANG Wenwu.A Brief Overview of C270Viaduct Design of Taiwan HSR Project[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2007,29(3):132-136.in Chinese)
[8]张多平.郑西客运专线渭南渭河特大桥设计综述[J].铁道标准设计,2009(11):43-48.(ZHANG Duoping.Comprehensive Summary for Design on Weinan Weihe River Super Large Bridge on ZhengzhouXian Passenger Dedicated Line[J].Railway Standard Design,2009(11):43-48.in Chinese)
[9]石岩,王东升,孙治国.近断层地震动下减隔震桥梁地震反应分析[J].桥梁建设,2014,44(3):19-24.(SHI Yan,WANG Dongsheng,SUN Zhiguo.Analysis of Seismic Response of Seismically Mitigated and Isolated Bridges Subjected to Near-Fault Ground Motion[J].Bridge Construction,2014,44(3):19-24.in Chinese)
[10]李承根,高日.高速铁路桥梁减震技术研究[J].中国工程科学,2009,11(1):81-86.(LI Chenggen,GAO Ri.Study on the Shock Absorbing Technique of High Speed Railway Bridges[J].Engineering Science,2009,11(1):81-86.in Chinese)
[11]AASHTO.Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design[S].3rd ed.Washington DC:American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials,2010.
[12]TAKAHASHI Y.Damage of Rubber Bearings and Dampers of Bridges in 2011Great East Japan Earthquake[C]//Proceedings of the International Symposium on Engineering Lessons Learned from the 2011Great East Japan Earthquake.Tokyo:2012.
[13]PAULAY T,PRIESTLEY M J N.Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,Inc,1992.
[14]杨迪雄,潘建伟,李刚.近断层脉冲型地震动作用下建筑结构的层间变形分布特征和机理分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(4):108-118.(YANG Dixiong,PAN Jianwei,LI Gang.Deformational Distribution Feature and Mechanism Analysis of Building Structures Subjected to Near-Fault Pulse-Type Ground Motions[J].Journal of Building Structures,2009,30(4):108-118.in Chinese)
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