大直径深孔爆破安全控制技术
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摘要
针对大直径深孔采矿法回采存在的爆破规模大、爆破振动强度大、边帮控制困难等问题,以数个矿山多年大直径深孔爆破试验为依托,结合爆破振动监测和数值模拟技术,研究井下大直径深孔爆破安全控制技术。结果表明,空气间隔装药可以实现对高陡边帮和充填体的保护,确保边帮在规模爆破作用下的稳定性,同时极大地减少侧崩爆破的后冲作用。炸药在炮孔长度方向上分布越均匀,爆破破坏效应越小。基于高精度毫秒导爆管雷管的逐孔逐层起爆技术可以增加爆破自由面,增强岩石的破碎作用,同时控制最大段药量,有效降低爆破振动。
There are many problems for Large-Diameter long-hole mining method,such as large explosive charge,big blast vibration strength. To solve the problems,the safety control technology of large-diameter long-hole blasting is investigated based on the results of field tests in several mines and digital simulation technique. The results show that air-deck charge can not only protect the high sidewall and filling body,but also greatly reduce the back impact effect of lateral blasting. The more evenly in the hole along the length direction the explosive charge distribution,the more effectively control the blasting vibration. The free surfaces can be effectively increased and the blasting vibration reduced by using hole by hole blasting technique.
There are many problems for Large-Diameter long-hole mining method,such as large explosive charge,big blast vibration strength. To solve the problems,the safety control technology of large-diameter long-hole blasting is investigated based on the results of field tests in several mines and digital simulation technique. The results show that air-deck charge can not only protect the high sidewall and filling body,but also greatly reduce the back impact effect of lateral blasting. The more evenly in the hole along the length direction the explosive charge distribution,the more effectively control the blasting vibration. The free surfaces can be effectively increased and the blasting vibration reduced by using hole by hole blasting technique.
引文
[1]史秀志,邱贤阳,张木毅,等.凡口铅锌矿无底柱深孔后退式崩矿嗣后充填采矿法[J].采矿技术,2011,11(4):11-12.
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[5]吴万荣,魏建华,张永顺,等.大直径深孔凿岩钻孔偏斜的机理及其控制方案[J].中国有色金属学报,2001,11(1):153-156.
[6]池恩安,赵明生,梁开水,等.自由面数量对爆破地震波时频特性影响分析[J].爆破,2013,30(2):16-20.
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[8]刘优平,龚敏,赵江倩,等.近充填体崩矿过程爆破振动控制研究[J].矿冶工程,2011,31(5):13-17.
[9]谢本贤.铜绿山铜铁矿大直径深孔采矿方法应用研究[J].金属矿山,2006(4):12-14,22.
[10]薛奕忠.高阶段大直径深孔崩矿嗣后充填采矿法在安庆铜矿的应用[J].中国矿山工程,2008,37(2):8-10,35.
[11]周国军,黄志伟,王宝山.地下采矿大直径深孔爆破研究[J].爆破,2006,23(4):25-29.
[12]邹贤季.大直径深孔采矿法的崩矿方式研究[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2005,57(4):10-11.
[2]黄刚海.间柱采场深孔爆破落矿采矿工艺关键技术数值模拟研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2010:51-55.
[3]姚曙.异质界面控制爆破技术在凡口铅锌矿的应用[J].采矿技术,2012,12(1):90-91.
[4]孙鹏伟.光面爆破技术在凡口铅锌矿间柱深孔爆破中的应用[J].采矿技术,2012,12(4):84-86.
[5]吴万荣,魏建华,张永顺,等.大直径深孔凿岩钻孔偏斜的机理及其控制方案[J].中国有色金属学报,2001,11(1):153-156.
[6]池恩安,赵明生,梁开水,等.自由面数量对爆破地震波时频特性影响分析[J].爆破,2013,30(2):16-20.
[7]李樟鹤.高阶段大直径深孔爆破技术在安庆铜矿的应用[J].金属矿山,2002(2):25-27.
[8]刘优平,龚敏,赵江倩,等.近充填体崩矿过程爆破振动控制研究[J].矿冶工程,2011,31(5):13-17.
[9]谢本贤.铜绿山铜铁矿大直径深孔采矿方法应用研究[J].金属矿山,2006(4):12-14,22.
[10]薛奕忠.高阶段大直径深孔崩矿嗣后充填采矿法在安庆铜矿的应用[J].中国矿山工程,2008,37(2):8-10,35.
[11]周国军,黄志伟,王宝山.地下采矿大直径深孔爆破研究[J].爆破,2006,23(4):25-29.
[12]邹贤季.大直径深孔采矿法的崩矿方式研究[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2005,57(4):10-11.
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