汶川M_S8.0、海地M_W7.0地震电磁信号小波能谱分析
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摘要
应用小波变换方法处理了2008年汶川MS8.0地震前后成都、江油台地电阻率观测数据及汶川地震、2010年海地MW7.0地震前后DEMETER卫星记录的电离层磁场观测数据,研究了地电阻率和电离层磁场的小波能谱及其相对变化.结果表明:①对应汶川大震前成都台N58°E测道地电阻率中期下降变化和短期上升变化的时段,地电阻率小波能谱相对变化显著增大,江油台N10°E测道地电阻率在主震前记录到了临震异常,在临近主震前后,电离层磁场特别是x分量的能谱及相对变化显著增大,展现了与汶川大震明显对应的地电阻率、电离层磁场变化的似同步异常;②在海地地震前夕,电离层磁场x,z分量的能谱也出现了显著增大的现象,类似于汶川大震前后电离层磁场的能谱增大变化.
Wavelet transform technique is applied to the analysis of geo-resistivity data observed at Chengdu and Jiangyou stations before and after Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake in 2008 and the ionospheric magnetic field recorded by DEMETER satellite before and after the Wenchuan earthquake and the 2010 Haiti earthquake, in order to study the wavelet power spectrum of geo-resistivity and ionospheric magnetic field and its relative variation. Our analysis result suggests that ① the wavelet power spectrum and its relative variation increased greatly at the times when the geo-resistivity of N58°E channel of Chengdu station displayed its medium-term decrease and short-term increase, the impending anomaly was recorded on the N10°E channel of Jiangyou geo-resistivity station and the wavelet power spectrum of x component of ionospheric magnetic field and its relative value increased distinctly before Wenchuan earthquake, showing typical Earth-space electromagnetic anomaly of geo-resistivity and ionospheric magnetic field; ② The wavelet power spectrum of x and z components of ionospheric magnetic field and its relative variation also increased greatly before Haiti earthquake, similar to the increase before and after Wenchuan earthquake.
Wavelet transform technique is applied to the analysis of geo-resistivity data observed at Chengdu and Jiangyou stations before and after Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake in 2008 and the ionospheric magnetic field recorded by DEMETER satellite before and after the Wenchuan earthquake and the 2010 Haiti earthquake, in order to study the wavelet power spectrum of geo-resistivity and ionospheric magnetic field and its relative variation. Our analysis result suggests that ① the wavelet power spectrum and its relative variation increased greatly at the times when the geo-resistivity of N58°E channel of Chengdu station displayed its medium-term decrease and short-term increase, the impending anomaly was recorded on the N10°E channel of Jiangyou geo-resistivity station and the wavelet power spectrum of x component of ionospheric magnetic field and its relative value increased distinctly before Wenchuan earthquake, showing typical Earth-space electromagnetic anomaly of geo-resistivity and ionospheric magnetic field; ② The wavelet power spectrum of x and z components of ionospheric magnetic field and its relative variation also increased greatly before Haiti earthquake, similar to the increase before and after Wenchuan earthquake.
引文
杜学彬,赵和云,陈宝智.1993.地电阻率临震突变与活断层、发震应力场[J].地震学报,15(3):303--312.
杜学彬,阎志德,邹明武.1994.景泰6.2级地震震源动力学过程[J].地震学报,16(3):296--303.
杜学彬,李宁,叶青,马占虎,闫睿.2007.强地震附近视电阻率各向异性变化的原因[J].地球物理学报,50(6):1802--1810.
杜学彬,薛顺章,郝臻,张世中.2000.地电阻率中短期异常与地震的关系[J].地震学报,22(4):368--376.
杜学彬.2010.在地震预报中的两类视电阻率变化[J].中国科学:地球科学,40(10):1321--1330.
范莹莹,杜学彬,Zlotnicki J,谭大成,刘君,安张辉,陈军营,郑国磊,解滔.2010.汶川MS8.0大震前的电磁现象[J].地球物理学报,53(12):2887--2898.
范莹莹.2010.地震陆基与空间电磁现象研究[D].兰州:中国地震局兰州地震研究所:23--56.
高署德,汤吉,杜学彬,刘小凤,苏永钢,陈彦平,狄国荣,梅东林,詹艳,王立凤.2010.汶川8.0级地震前后电磁场的变化特征[J].地球物理学报,53(3):512--525.
郝锦绮,钱书清,高金田,周建国,朱涛.2003.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常[J].地震学报,25(1):102--111.
李宁.2007.天祝地震空区地震电磁前兆现象研究[D].兰州:中国地震局兰州地震研究所:24--46.
刘君.2011.电磁扰动与空间电磁现象比对研究[D].兰州:中国地震局兰州地震研究所:32--68.
马钦忠,冯志生,宋治平,赵卫国.2004.崇明与南京台震前地电场变化异常分析[J].地震学报,26(3):304--312.
钱复业,赵玉林,于谋明,王志贤,刘小伟,常思敏.1982.地震前地电阻率异常变化[J].中国科学:B辑,12(9):831--839.
钱家栋,陈有发,金安忠.1985.地电阻率法在地震预报中的应用[M].北京:地震出版社:48--132,226--266.
钱书清,吕智,任克新.1998.地震电磁辐射前兆不同步现象物理机制的实验研究[J].地震学报,20(5):535--540.
汤吉,詹艳,王立凤,董泽义,赵国泽,徐建郎.2010.汶川地震强余震的电磁同震效应[J].地球物理学报,53(3):526--534.
王武星,丁鉴海,余素荣,张永仙.2009.汶川MS8.0地震前地磁短临异常与强震预测探索[J].地震学报,31(2):172--179.
叶青,杜学彬,陈军营,谭大成,马占虎.2005.2003年大姚和民乐-山丹地震1年尺度预测[J].地震研究,28(3):226--230.
张学民,李美,关华平.2009.汶川8.0级地震前的地电阻率异常分析[J].地震,29(1):108--115.
张元生,郭晓,钟美娇,沈文荣,李稳,何斌.2010.汶川地震卫星热红外亮温变化[J].科学通报,55(10):904--910.
赵国泽,陈小斌,肖骑彬,王立凤,汤吉,詹艳,王继军,张继红,Utada H,Uyeshima M.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震成因三“层次”分析:基于深部电性结构[J].地球物理学报,52(2):553--563.
Bhattacharya S,Sarkar S,Gwal A K,Parrot M.2009.Electric and magnetic field perturbations recorded by DEMETERsatellite before seismic events of the 17th July 2006 M7.7earthquake in Indonesia[J].J Asian Earth Sci,34(5):634--644.
Danilov A D,Lastovika J.2001.Effects of geomagnetic storms on the ionosphere and atmosphere[J].Int J GeomagnAeron,2(3):209--224.
Enomoto Y,Hashimoto H,Shirai N,Murakami Y,Mogi T,Takada M,Kasahara M.2006.Anomalous geoelectricsignal possibly related to the 2000Mt.Usu eruption and 2003Tokachi-Oki earthquake[J].Phys Chem Earth,31(4--9):319--324.
Farge M.1992.Wavelet transform and their applications to turbulence[J].Annu Rev Fluid Mech,24(1):395--458.
Hayakawa M.2009.Lower ionospheric perturbations associated with earthquakes,as detected by subionosphericVLF/LF radio waves[M]∥Hayakawa M ed.Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes.Trivan-drum(India):Transworld Research Network:37--185.
Huang Q H.2005.Controlled analogue experiments on propagation of seismic electromagnetic signals[J].ChineseScience Bulletin,50(17):1956--1961.
Huang Q H,Ikeya M.1998.Seismic electromagnetic signals(SEMS)explained by a simulation experiment using electro-magnetic waves[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,109:107--114.
Huang Q H.2002.One possible generation mechanism of co-seismic electric signals[J].Proc Jpn Acad,78(7):173--178.
Huang Q H.2011.Retrospective investigation of geophysical data possibly associated with the MS8.0Wenchuan earth-quake in Sichuan,China[J].J Asian Earth Sci,41(4--5):421--427.
Ishido T,Pritchett J.1999.Numerical simulation of electro kinetic potentials associated with subsurface fluid flow[J].J Geophys Res,104(B7):15247--15259.
Kumar P,Foufoula G E.1997.Wavelet analysis for geophysical applications[J].Rev Geophys,35(4):385--412.
Nagamoto H,Fukushima T,Ida Y,Matsudo Y,Hayakawa M.2008.Disturbances in VHF/UHF telemetry links as apossible effect of the 2003Hokkaido Tokachi-oki earthquake[J].Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,8:813--817.
Pulinets S A,Boyarchuk K A.2004.Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes[M].New York:Springer:102--132.
Pulinets S A,Contreras A L,Bisiacchi-Giraldi G,Ciraolo L.2005.Total electron content variations in the ionospherebefore the Colima,Mexico,earthquake of 21January 2003[J].Geophysical International,44(4):369--377.
Torrence C,Compo G P.1998.A practical guide to wavelet analysis[J].Bull Amer Meteorol Soc,79(1):61--78.
Uyeda S,Hayakawa M,Nagao T,Molchanov O,Hattori K,Orihara Y,Gotoh K,Akinaga Y,Tanaka H.2002.Electricand magnetic phenomena observed before the volcano-seismic activity in 2000in the Izu Island region[J].Proc NatlAcad Sci USA,99(11):7352--7355.
Varotsos P,Alexopoulos K,Nomicos K,Lazaridou M.1986.Earthquake prediction and electric signals[J].Nature,322:120.
Varotsos P,Sarlis N,Lazaridou M,Kapiris P.1998.Transmission of stress induced electric signals in dielectric media[J].J Appl Phys,83(1):60--70.
杜学彬,阎志德,邹明武.1994.景泰6.2级地震震源动力学过程[J].地震学报,16(3):296--303.
杜学彬,李宁,叶青,马占虎,闫睿.2007.强地震附近视电阻率各向异性变化的原因[J].地球物理学报,50(6):1802--1810.
杜学彬,薛顺章,郝臻,张世中.2000.地电阻率中短期异常与地震的关系[J].地震学报,22(4):368--376.
杜学彬.2010.在地震预报中的两类视电阻率变化[J].中国科学:地球科学,40(10):1321--1330.
范莹莹,杜学彬,Zlotnicki J,谭大成,刘君,安张辉,陈军营,郑国磊,解滔.2010.汶川MS8.0大震前的电磁现象[J].地球物理学报,53(12):2887--2898.
范莹莹.2010.地震陆基与空间电磁现象研究[D].兰州:中国地震局兰州地震研究所:23--56.
高署德,汤吉,杜学彬,刘小凤,苏永钢,陈彦平,狄国荣,梅东林,詹艳,王立凤.2010.汶川8.0级地震前后电磁场的变化特征[J].地球物理学报,53(3):512--525.
郝锦绮,钱书清,高金田,周建国,朱涛.2003.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常[J].地震学报,25(1):102--111.
李宁.2007.天祝地震空区地震电磁前兆现象研究[D].兰州:中国地震局兰州地震研究所:24--46.
刘君.2011.电磁扰动与空间电磁现象比对研究[D].兰州:中国地震局兰州地震研究所:32--68.
马钦忠,冯志生,宋治平,赵卫国.2004.崇明与南京台震前地电场变化异常分析[J].地震学报,26(3):304--312.
钱复业,赵玉林,于谋明,王志贤,刘小伟,常思敏.1982.地震前地电阻率异常变化[J].中国科学:B辑,12(9):831--839.
钱家栋,陈有发,金安忠.1985.地电阻率法在地震预报中的应用[M].北京:地震出版社:48--132,226--266.
钱书清,吕智,任克新.1998.地震电磁辐射前兆不同步现象物理机制的实验研究[J].地震学报,20(5):535--540.
汤吉,詹艳,王立凤,董泽义,赵国泽,徐建郎.2010.汶川地震强余震的电磁同震效应[J].地球物理学报,53(3):526--534.
王武星,丁鉴海,余素荣,张永仙.2009.汶川MS8.0地震前地磁短临异常与强震预测探索[J].地震学报,31(2):172--179.
叶青,杜学彬,陈军营,谭大成,马占虎.2005.2003年大姚和民乐-山丹地震1年尺度预测[J].地震研究,28(3):226--230.
张学民,李美,关华平.2009.汶川8.0级地震前的地电阻率异常分析[J].地震,29(1):108--115.
张元生,郭晓,钟美娇,沈文荣,李稳,何斌.2010.汶川地震卫星热红外亮温变化[J].科学通报,55(10):904--910.
赵国泽,陈小斌,肖骑彬,王立凤,汤吉,詹艳,王继军,张继红,Utada H,Uyeshima M.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震成因三“层次”分析:基于深部电性结构[J].地球物理学报,52(2):553--563.
Bhattacharya S,Sarkar S,Gwal A K,Parrot M.2009.Electric and magnetic field perturbations recorded by DEMETERsatellite before seismic events of the 17th July 2006 M7.7earthquake in Indonesia[J].J Asian Earth Sci,34(5):634--644.
Danilov A D,Lastovika J.2001.Effects of geomagnetic storms on the ionosphere and atmosphere[J].Int J GeomagnAeron,2(3):209--224.
Enomoto Y,Hashimoto H,Shirai N,Murakami Y,Mogi T,Takada M,Kasahara M.2006.Anomalous geoelectricsignal possibly related to the 2000Mt.Usu eruption and 2003Tokachi-Oki earthquake[J].Phys Chem Earth,31(4--9):319--324.
Farge M.1992.Wavelet transform and their applications to turbulence[J].Annu Rev Fluid Mech,24(1):395--458.
Hayakawa M.2009.Lower ionospheric perturbations associated with earthquakes,as detected by subionosphericVLF/LF radio waves[M]∥Hayakawa M ed.Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes.Trivan-drum(India):Transworld Research Network:37--185.
Huang Q H.2005.Controlled analogue experiments on propagation of seismic electromagnetic signals[J].ChineseScience Bulletin,50(17):1956--1961.
Huang Q H,Ikeya M.1998.Seismic electromagnetic signals(SEMS)explained by a simulation experiment using electro-magnetic waves[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,109:107--114.
Huang Q H.2002.One possible generation mechanism of co-seismic electric signals[J].Proc Jpn Acad,78(7):173--178.
Huang Q H.2011.Retrospective investigation of geophysical data possibly associated with the MS8.0Wenchuan earth-quake in Sichuan,China[J].J Asian Earth Sci,41(4--5):421--427.
Ishido T,Pritchett J.1999.Numerical simulation of electro kinetic potentials associated with subsurface fluid flow[J].J Geophys Res,104(B7):15247--15259.
Kumar P,Foufoula G E.1997.Wavelet analysis for geophysical applications[J].Rev Geophys,35(4):385--412.
Nagamoto H,Fukushima T,Ida Y,Matsudo Y,Hayakawa M.2008.Disturbances in VHF/UHF telemetry links as apossible effect of the 2003Hokkaido Tokachi-oki earthquake[J].Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,8:813--817.
Pulinets S A,Boyarchuk K A.2004.Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes[M].New York:Springer:102--132.
Pulinets S A,Contreras A L,Bisiacchi-Giraldi G,Ciraolo L.2005.Total electron content variations in the ionospherebefore the Colima,Mexico,earthquake of 21January 2003[J].Geophysical International,44(4):369--377.
Torrence C,Compo G P.1998.A practical guide to wavelet analysis[J].Bull Amer Meteorol Soc,79(1):61--78.
Uyeda S,Hayakawa M,Nagao T,Molchanov O,Hattori K,Orihara Y,Gotoh K,Akinaga Y,Tanaka H.2002.Electricand magnetic phenomena observed before the volcano-seismic activity in 2000in the Izu Island region[J].Proc NatlAcad Sci USA,99(11):7352--7355.
Varotsos P,Alexopoulos K,Nomicos K,Lazaridou M.1986.Earthquake prediction and electric signals[J].Nature,322:120.
Varotsos P,Sarlis N,Lazaridou M,Kapiris P.1998.Transmission of stress induced electric signals in dielectric media[J].J Appl Phys,83(1):60--70.
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