叠前地震反演技术的应用条件及难点分析
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摘要
叠前地震反演技术可以通过数学运算,从未叠加的叠前地震资料中获得速度、密度和泊松比等弹性参数。通过弹性参数可识别出油气勘探开发过程中所关注介质的岩性、物性及流体等特征,能够大幅度提高储层描述精度,减少多解性;但叠前地震反演技术具有一定的应用条件,对地质、地震和测井资料有适应性的要求,其反演结果的应用效果受多方面因素影响。为此,在分析叠前地震反演技术优势的基础上,应用模型数据和实际地震、测井资料,确定该技术的应用条件,并分析应用过程中存在的难点问题;结果表明,叠前地震反演具有资料多样性和技术本身的优势,且可获得丰富的反演成果数据;但应用该技术时,须采用高品质的地震资料,进行岩石物理可行性分析以及合理的叠前地震反演过程控制和成果应用。目前叠前地震反演技术存在的难点有反演结果存在多解性、须解决多种资料的匹配以及反演结果的纵、横向分辨能力与勘探开发需求的一致性等。
Through mathematical operation, elastic parameters such as velocity, density and Poisson ratio can be acquired from prestack seismic inversion. Based on the elastic parameters, medium characteristics that are concerned in the process of oil and gas exploration and development such as lithology, physical property and fluid can be identified, thus reservoir description accuracy can be greatly improved and ambiguity can be reduced. However, pre-stack seismic inversion technology has certain application conditions,and it has the adaptability to geology, seismic and logging data, and the application effect of the inversion results is affected by many factors. Therefore, based on the analysis of the advantages of pre-stack seismic inversion technology, application conditions of the technology were determined and the problems existing in the application were analyzed through synthetic data and practical seismic and logging data. Results show that pre-stack seismic inversion technology has the advantages of data diversity and the intrinsic advantages of the technology itself, and rich inversion result data can be obtained, but the application of this technology needs high quality seismic data, analysis of rock physical feasibility and reasonable pre-stack seismic inversion process control and achievements application.Currently, the difficult issues in the pre-stack seismic inversion technology are the ambiguity in the inversion results, the matching among a variety of data, the consistency between longitudinal and lateral resolution and the requirements of exploration and development, etc.
Through mathematical operation, elastic parameters such as velocity, density and Poisson ratio can be acquired from prestack seismic inversion. Based on the elastic parameters, medium characteristics that are concerned in the process of oil and gas exploration and development such as lithology, physical property and fluid can be identified, thus reservoir description accuracy can be greatly improved and ambiguity can be reduced. However, pre-stack seismic inversion technology has certain application conditions,and it has the adaptability to geology, seismic and logging data, and the application effect of the inversion results is affected by many factors. Therefore, based on the analysis of the advantages of pre-stack seismic inversion technology, application conditions of the technology were determined and the problems existing in the application were analyzed through synthetic data and practical seismic and logging data. Results show that pre-stack seismic inversion technology has the advantages of data diversity and the intrinsic advantages of the technology itself, and rich inversion result data can be obtained, but the application of this technology needs high quality seismic data, analysis of rock physical feasibility and reasonable pre-stack seismic inversion process control and achievements application.Currently, the difficult issues in the pre-stack seismic inversion technology are the ambiguity in the inversion results, the matching among a variety of data, the consistency between longitudinal and lateral resolution and the requirements of exploration and development, etc.
引文
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[10]张本华.曲流河储层构型中废弃河道的识别及其分布模式——以孤岛油田馆上段为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(3):18-21,25.
[11]慎国强,汤婕,王玉梅,等.叠前叠后联合反演技术在油气藏精细描述中的应用——以东营凹陷永安镇油田永3井区为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(2):87-90.
[2]孟宪军,姜秀娣,黄捍东,等.叠前AVA广义非线性纵、横波速度反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):645-650.
[3]刘福平,孟宪军.反演纵横波速度的Jacobian矩阵及精确计算方法[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2010,40(11):1 608-1 616.
[4]王延光.胜利油区时移地震技术应用研究与实践[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(1):50-54.
[5]慎国强,王玉梅.基于时频分析的地震道集校平技术应用[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,34(1):34-36.
[6]孟宪军,金翔龙,钮学民,等.地震反演中的三维复杂约束模型[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2004,28(6):21-26.
[7]高树新,任怀强,杨少春.渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷陈家庄凸起东段北斜坡油源特征及成藏分析[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(1):69-73.
[8]罗霞,刘华,王玉林,等.渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷气源岩和原油生物模拟实验研究[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(4):426-431.
[9]王鸣川,朱维耀,董卫宏,等.曲流河点坝型厚油层内部构型及其对剩余油分布的影响[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(3):14-17.
[10]张本华.曲流河储层构型中废弃河道的识别及其分布模式——以孤岛油田馆上段为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2013,20(3):18-21,25.
[11]慎国强,汤婕,王玉梅,等.叠前叠后联合反演技术在油气藏精细描述中的应用——以东营凹陷永安镇油田永3井区为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2014,21(2):87-90.
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