地震安全性评价中地震动衰减关系的类型及其选取
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摘要
通过阐述地震安全性评价工作中地震动衰减关系的演变介绍了衰减关系的三种类型,其差别在于是否含有高频地震动震级饱和因子C3M2项和加速度近场饱和因子C5eC6M项;分析了这两个因子的由来和作用,并举实例说明,当场地所处的地震环境受高频地震动影响较小时,可忽略C3M2项的影响;而加速度近场饱和因子因包含了震源体尺度的影响,并与实际观测记录相符,是衰减关系必须包含的内容。
Through the description of the evolution of attenuation relation,three types of attenuation relations are introduced(typeⅠ,typeⅡ,typeⅢ),with the differences among them including whether they contain the high-frequency ground motion magnitude saturation factor C3M2(a non-linear attenuation factor of magnitude M)and the acceleration near-field saturation factor C5eC6M(a distance factor).The origins and functions of two such factors are analyzed in this study.The ground motion increases with the increasing of M,but the amplitude of it rapidly decreases with the increasing of M.C5eC6 Mplays a role in the seismic source body's range scale,in which the ground motion varies not along with the distances' change in the epicentral area.The combined effects of C3M2 and C5eC6 Mstrongly inhibit the false information that the near-field ground motion is too large in the case of high-magnitude,so as to reach a level consistent with the actual situation.The acceleration near-field saturation factor C5 eC6 Mis the content that the attenuation relation must contain,because it contains the influences of the seismic source size and correlates with the actual observation data. In the seismic safety evaluation,C3M2item can be chosen according to the local seismic environment.Examples are presented to explain that the influences of C3M2 can be neglected and the attenuation relation without C3M2 can be selected during the seismic safety evaluation when the local seismic environment suffers from fewer influences due to the high-frequency ground motion; if the local environment has more influences,an attenuation relation with C3M2 should be selected.This essay chooses of a set of typeⅡand then a set of typeⅢto make a comparative analysis of the attenuation relation.In general,type ⅡI decays faster than type Ⅱ.As the distance increases,the peak accelerations with the use of typeⅢare smaller than that with the use of typeⅡ.In addition,type ⅡI matches well with the actual records in the case of high-magnitude and short distance earthquakes,because it contains C3M2.Therefore,in the evaluation of seismic safety, from a conservative perspective,the attenuation relation of typeⅢshould be used to evaluate the impact of potential seismic source zone at a short distance,and the attenuation relation of type Ⅱ should be used to evaluate the impact of the potential seismic source zone at a long distance.This study uses the engineering sites of Kunming and Guiyang and the aforementioned typeⅡand type Ⅲattenuation relations to make calculations of a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis,with results that are consistent with the conclusions of the above analysis.
Through the description of the evolution of attenuation relation,three types of attenuation relations are introduced(typeⅠ,typeⅡ,typeⅢ),with the differences among them including whether they contain the high-frequency ground motion magnitude saturation factor C3M2(a non-linear attenuation factor of magnitude M)and the acceleration near-field saturation factor C5eC6M(a distance factor).The origins and functions of two such factors are analyzed in this study.The ground motion increases with the increasing of M,but the amplitude of it rapidly decreases with the increasing of M.C5eC6 Mplays a role in the seismic source body's range scale,in which the ground motion varies not along with the distances' change in the epicentral area.The combined effects of C3M2 and C5eC6 Mstrongly inhibit the false information that the near-field ground motion is too large in the case of high-magnitude,so as to reach a level consistent with the actual situation.The acceleration near-field saturation factor C5 eC6 Mis the content that the attenuation relation must contain,because it contains the influences of the seismic source size and correlates with the actual observation data. In the seismic safety evaluation,C3M2item can be chosen according to the local seismic environment.Examples are presented to explain that the influences of C3M2 can be neglected and the attenuation relation without C3M2 can be selected during the seismic safety evaluation when the local seismic environment suffers from fewer influences due to the high-frequency ground motion; if the local environment has more influences,an attenuation relation with C3M2 should be selected.This essay chooses of a set of typeⅡand then a set of typeⅢto make a comparative analysis of the attenuation relation.In general,type ⅡI decays faster than type Ⅱ.As the distance increases,the peak accelerations with the use of typeⅢare smaller than that with the use of typeⅡ.In addition,type ⅡI matches well with the actual records in the case of high-magnitude and short distance earthquakes,because it contains C3M2.Therefore,in the evaluation of seismic safety, from a conservative perspective,the attenuation relation of typeⅢshould be used to evaluate the impact of potential seismic source zone at a short distance,and the attenuation relation of type Ⅱ should be used to evaluate the impact of the potential seismic source zone at a long distance.This study uses the engineering sites of Kunming and Guiyang and the aforementioned typeⅡand type Ⅲattenuation relations to make calculations of a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis,with results that are consistent with the conclusions of the above analysis.
引文
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[11]胡聿贤,张敏政.缺乏强震观测资料地区地震动参数的估算方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(1):1-11.HU Yu-xian,ZHANG Min-zheng.A Method of Predicting Goundmotion on Parameters for Regions with Poor Groundmotion Data[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1984,4(1):1-11.(in Chinese)
[12]乔震元,刘本玉,张远富.汶川8.0级地震峰值地震动特性研究[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(1):92-95.QIAO Zhen-yuan,LIU Ben-yu,ZHANG Yuan-fu.Research on the Peak Ground Motion Characteristics of Wenchuan MS8.0Earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2011,33(1):92-95.(in Chinese)
[13]姚凯,孙崇绍,朱珊珊,等.2008年汶川地震后的三次强余震地表峰值加速度衰减场研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(1):99-104.YAO Ka,SUN Chong-shao,ZHU Shan-shan,et al.Study on PGA Attenuation of Three Strong Afershocks of 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2012,34(1):99-104.(in Chinese)
[2]汪素云,俞言祥,高阿甲,等.中国分区地震动衰减关系的确定[J].中国地震,2000,16(2):99-106.WANG Su-yun,YU Yan-xiang,GAO A-jia,et al.Development of Attenuation Relations for Ground Motion in China[J].Earthquake Research in China,2000,16(2):99-106.(in Chinese)
[3]俞言祥,汪素云.中国东部和西部地区水平向基岩加速度反应谱衰减关系[J].震灾防御技术,2006,1(3):206-216.YU Yan-xiang,WANG Su-yun.Attenuation Relations for Horizontal Peak Ground Acceleration and Response Spectrum in Eastern and Western China[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2006,1(3):206-216.(in Chinese)
[4]雷建成,高孟潭,俞言祥.四川及邻区地震动衰减关系[J].地震学报,2007,29(5):500-511.LEI Jian-cheng,GAO Meng-tan,YU Yan-xiang.Seismic Motion Attenuation Relations In Sichuan and Adjacent Areas[J].ACTA Seismologica Sinica,2007,29(5):500-511.(in Chinese)
[5]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988:200-201.HU Yu-xian.Earthquake Engineering[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1988:200-201.(in Chinese)
[6]Battis J.Regional Modifications of Acceleration Attenuation Functions[J].BSSA.,1981,71(4):1309-1321.
[7]胡聿贤,张继栋,邹夕林.基岩地震动参数与震级和距离的关系[J].地震学报,1982,4(2):199-207.HU Yu-xian,ZHANG Ji-dong,ZHOU Xi-lin.Functional Relations of Bedrock Motion Parameters with Earthquake Magnitude and Distance[J].ACTA Seismologica Sinica,1982,4(2):199-207.(in Chinese)
[8]胡聿贤.地震安全性评价技术教程[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.HU Yu-xian.Tutorial of Seismic Safety Evaluation[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1999.
[9]卢寿德.GB17741-2005工程场地地震安全性评价宣贯教材[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.(in Chinese)LU Shou-de.Teaching Material of Evaluation of Seismic Safety for Engineering Sites(GB17741-2005)[M].Beijing:China Standard Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[10]Chandra U.Attenuation of Intensities in the United States[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,1979,69(6):2002-2024.
[11]胡聿贤,张敏政.缺乏强震观测资料地区地震动参数的估算方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1984,4(1):1-11.HU Yu-xian,ZHANG Min-zheng.A Method of Predicting Goundmotion on Parameters for Regions with Poor Groundmotion Data[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1984,4(1):1-11.(in Chinese)
[12]乔震元,刘本玉,张远富.汶川8.0级地震峰值地震动特性研究[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(1):92-95.QIAO Zhen-yuan,LIU Ben-yu,ZHANG Yuan-fu.Research on the Peak Ground Motion Characteristics of Wenchuan MS8.0Earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2011,33(1):92-95.(in Chinese)
[13]姚凯,孙崇绍,朱珊珊,等.2008年汶川地震后的三次强余震地表峰值加速度衰减场研究[J].西北地震学报,2012,34(1):99-104.YAO Ka,SUN Chong-shao,ZHU Shan-shan,et al.Study on PGA Attenuation of Three Strong Afershocks of 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2012,34(1):99-104.(in Chinese)
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