华北地区大地震矩释放率和GPS应变率的一致性研究
摘要
GPS测量技术可以在较大地区范围内获得高精度地壳形变速率。稳定的应变速率提供了精确确定地震活动率的机会。本文运用Kostrov(1 974)的公式将经平滑的华北地区应变速率转化为矩释放率 ,并与运用 1 30 3年洪洞地震以来的地震目录计算的矩释放率进行比较 ,发现两者之比南北向为 60 6% ,东西向为 68 9% ,北东剪切分量为 1 0 4 1 %。近似为 1的比率表明了GPS测量结果的可靠性。这个结果对结合历史地震及大地形变测量估计矩释放进行地震危险性评估具有一定参考意义
The new GPS data can map crustal strain rates over large areas with a useful degree of precision. Stable strain indicators open the door for space geodesy to join with seismology in formatting improved estimates of earthquake recurrence. The Kostrov's formula (1974) translates the smoothed strain rates in North China into geodetic moment rates. In North China, the ratio of seismic monent released to moment accumulated from GPS measurement is 60.6% in NS direction, 68.9% in EW direction, and 104.1% in NE shear direction. The near unit ratio points to the reliability of GPS measurements there. The combination of historical seismicity and GPS measurement offers a powerful attack on earthquake hazard.
The new GPS data can map crustal strain rates over large areas with a useful degree of precision. Stable strain indicators open the door for space geodesy to join with seismology in formatting improved estimates of earthquake recurrence. The Kostrov's formula (1974) translates the smoothed strain rates in North China into geodetic moment rates. In North China, the ratio of seismic monent released to moment accumulated from GPS measurement is 60.6% in NS direction, 68.9% in EW direction, and 104.1% in NE shear direction. The near unit ratio points to the reliability of GPS measurements there. The combination of historical seismicity and GPS measurement offers a powerful attack on earthquake hazard.
引文
①李铁明等,2005年,华北地区MS≥65级地震震源断层参数的研究,地震学报,(待发表)。
杜兴信、邵辉成,1999,由震源机制解反演中国大陆现代构造应力场,地震学报,21(4):354～360。
国家地震局灾害防御司,1995,中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪～1911),北京:地震出版社,514。
马宗晋、陈鑫连、叶叔华等,2001,中国大陆区现今地壳运动的GPS观测,科学通报,46(13):1118～1120。
沈正康、万永革、甘卫军等,2004,华北地区700年来地壳应力场演化与地震的关系研究,中国地震,20(3):211～228。
沈正康、王 敏、甘卫军等,2003,中国大陆现今构造应变率场及其动力学成因研究,地学前缘,10(增刊):93～100。
时振梁、张少泉、赵荣国等,1990,地震工作手册,北京:地震出版社,633。
束沛镒、李幼铭、铁 安等,1983,利用远震P波波形反演渤海地震震源参数,地球物理学报,26(1):31～38。
王 敏、沈正康、牛之俊等,2003,现今中国大陆地壳运动与活动地块模型研究,中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):21～32。
张培震、沈正康、牛之俊等,2002,中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块,地学前缘,9(2):430～441。
张先康、赵金仁、刘国华等,1999,三河—平谷80级大震区震源细结构的深地震反射探测研究,中国地震,18(4):326～336。
周惠兰,1985,浅源走滑大震震源过程的某些特征,地球物理学报,28(6):579～587。
中国地震局灾害防御司,1999,中国近代地震(MS>47)目录(1912～1990),北京:地震出版社,637。
AkiK ,RichardsPG .1980.Quantitativeseismology,VolumeI.WHFreeman,SanFrancisco,512.
BruneJN .1968.Seismicmoment,seismicity,andrateofslipalongmajorfaultzone,JGeophysRes,73:777～784.
ChungW ,CiparJJ.1983.SourcemodelingoftheHsingtai,China,earthquakesofMarch1966.PhysEarthPlanetInter,33:111～125.
HanksTC ,KanamoriH .1979.Amoment magnitudescale,JGeophysRes,84:2348～2350.
JacksonDD ,AkiK ,CornellCA ,etal.1995.SeismichazardsinSouthernCalifornia:Probableearthquakes,1994～2024,BullSeismSocAmer,85:379～439.
KostrovBV .1974.Seismicmomentandenergyofearthquakes,andseismicflowofrock,IzvAcdaSciUSSRPhysSolidEarth,1:23～40.
SavageJC ,SimpsonRW .1997.Surfacestrainaccumulationandtheseismicmomenttensor,BullSeismSocAmer,87:1345～1353.
WangQ ,ZhangPZ ,FreymuellerTJ ,etal.2001.Present daycrustaldeformationinChinaconstrainedbyGlobalPositioningsystem.Science,294:574～577.
WardSN .1994.AmultidisciplinaryapproachtoseismichazardinSouthernCalifornia,BullSeismSocAmer,84:1293～1309.
WardSN .1998a.Ontheconsistencyofearthquakemomentrates,geologicalfaultdata,andspacegeodeticstrain:TheUnitedStates.GeophysJInt,134:172～186.
WardSN .1998b.Ontheconsistencyofearthquakemomentreleaseandspacegeodeticstrainrates:Europe.GeophysJInt,135:1011～1018.
WellDL ,CoppersmithKJ .1994.Newempiricalrelationshipsamongmagnitude,rupturelength,rupturewidth,rupturearea,andsurfacedisplacement,BullSeismSocAmer,84:974～1002.
杜兴信、邵辉成,1999,由震源机制解反演中国大陆现代构造应力场,地震学报,21(4):354～360。
国家地震局灾害防御司,1995,中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪～1911),北京:地震出版社,514。
马宗晋、陈鑫连、叶叔华等,2001,中国大陆区现今地壳运动的GPS观测,科学通报,46(13):1118～1120。
沈正康、万永革、甘卫军等,2004,华北地区700年来地壳应力场演化与地震的关系研究,中国地震,20(3):211～228。
沈正康、王 敏、甘卫军等,2003,中国大陆现今构造应变率场及其动力学成因研究,地学前缘,10(增刊):93～100。
时振梁、张少泉、赵荣国等,1990,地震工作手册,北京:地震出版社,633。
束沛镒、李幼铭、铁 安等,1983,利用远震P波波形反演渤海地震震源参数,地球物理学报,26(1):31～38。
王 敏、沈正康、牛之俊等,2003,现今中国大陆地壳运动与活动地块模型研究,中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):21～32。
张培震、沈正康、牛之俊等,2002,中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块,地学前缘,9(2):430～441。
张先康、赵金仁、刘国华等,1999,三河—平谷80级大震区震源细结构的深地震反射探测研究,中国地震,18(4):326～336。
周惠兰,1985,浅源走滑大震震源过程的某些特征,地球物理学报,28(6):579～587。
中国地震局灾害防御司,1999,中国近代地震(MS>47)目录(1912～1990),北京:地震出版社,637。
AkiK ,RichardsPG .1980.Quantitativeseismology,VolumeI.WHFreeman,SanFrancisco,512.
BruneJN .1968.Seismicmoment,seismicity,andrateofslipalongmajorfaultzone,JGeophysRes,73:777～784.
ChungW ,CiparJJ.1983.SourcemodelingoftheHsingtai,China,earthquakesofMarch1966.PhysEarthPlanetInter,33:111～125.
HanksTC ,KanamoriH .1979.Amoment magnitudescale,JGeophysRes,84:2348～2350.
JacksonDD ,AkiK ,CornellCA ,etal.1995.SeismichazardsinSouthernCalifornia:Probableearthquakes,1994～2024,BullSeismSocAmer,85:379～439.
KostrovBV .1974.Seismicmomentandenergyofearthquakes,andseismicflowofrock,IzvAcdaSciUSSRPhysSolidEarth,1:23～40.
SavageJC ,SimpsonRW .1997.Surfacestrainaccumulationandtheseismicmomenttensor,BullSeismSocAmer,87:1345～1353.
WangQ ,ZhangPZ ,FreymuellerTJ ,etal.2001.Present daycrustaldeformationinChinaconstrainedbyGlobalPositioningsystem.Science,294:574～577.
WardSN .1994.AmultidisciplinaryapproachtoseismichazardinSouthernCalifornia,BullSeismSocAmer,84:1293～1309.
WardSN .1998a.Ontheconsistencyofearthquakemomentrates,geologicalfaultdata,andspacegeodeticstrain:TheUnitedStates.GeophysJInt,134:172～186.
WardSN .1998b.Ontheconsistencyofearthquakemomentreleaseandspacegeodeticstrainrates:Europe.GeophysJInt,135:1011～1018.
WellDL ,CoppersmithKJ .1994.Newempiricalrelationshipsamongmagnitude,rupturelength,rupturewidth,rupturearea,andsurfacedisplacement,BullSeismSocAmer,84:974～1002.
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