地震研究中的断层流体动力学问题
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摘要
流体在断裂带地震周期中具有重要作用。在地震流体研究中,该文建议在如下几个方面加强研究力度:①断层渗透结构和断裂带古水文地质旋回的研究;②断裂带流体循环的尺度效应;③流体分布、循环与构造展布关系;④断裂带深浅部流体关系研究。在断层流体动力学研究中,建议就某一发震断裂带开展系统研究,并优先解决以下问题:①断裂带流体的起源和成分;②产生和维持高孔隙压力的构造环境和水文地质条件;③断裂带及邻近岩体流体运移及重新分布的机制;④取得断裂带孔隙压力变化的数量知识;⑤垂直方向和水平方向流体孔隙压力变化范围;⑥地震周期中流体迁移与孔隙压变化规律。
The fluids play an important role in the seismicity cycle of fault zones.The authors put forward several research areas that should be strengthened in the near future in China;① Fault permeability structure and pale-geohydrological history of fault zone;② The scale effect on fluid movement along fault zones;③ The relationship between fluid circulation distribution and tectonic geometry;④ The relationship between the shallow and the deep fluids.It is suggested that a systemic research work should be done on a specific earthquake fault,and the following topics should be studied preferentially.These are: ① What is the origin and composition of fault zone fluids? ② Identify the range of conditions necessary to develop and maintain elevated fluid pressures;③ What are the fluid transport mechanisms in and around the fault zone and what physical processes lead to fluid redistribution? ④ Quantify pore pressure spectrum of fault;⑤ What is the vertical and lateral distribution of fluid pressure regimes;⑥ What is extent of vertical and lateral fluid migration and pore pressure during a seismic stress cycle?
The fluids play an important role in the seismicity cycle of fault zones.The authors put forward several research areas that should be strengthened in the near future in China;① Fault permeability structure and pale-geohydrological history of fault zone;② The scale effect on fluid movement along fault zones;③ The relationship between fluid circulation distribution and tectonic geometry;④ The relationship between the shallow and the deep fluids.It is suggested that a systemic research work should be done on a specific earthquake fault,and the following topics should be studied preferentially.These are: ① What is the origin and composition of fault zone fluids? ② Identify the range of conditions necessary to develop and maintain elevated fluid pressures;③ What are the fluid transport mechanisms in and around the fault zone and what physical processes lead to fluid redistribution? ④ Quantify pore pressure spectrum of fault;⑤ What is the vertical and lateral distribution of fluid pressure regimes;⑥ What is extent of vertical and lateral fluid migration and pore pressure during a seismic stress cycle?
引文
[1]岳明生.地震预测研究发震战略几点思考[J].国际地震动态,2005,317(5):7-21.
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[3]Jerry P,Fairley,Jennifer J,et al.Field observation of fluids circulation patterns in a fault systerm[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31:L19502.
[4]Heynekamp Michiel R.Controls on fault-zone architecture in poorly lithified sediments,Rio GrandeRift,New Mexico:Implications for fault-zone permeability and fluid flow[M].American Geophysi-cal Union,1999:27-49.
[5]Aydin A.Small faults formed as zones of deformation bands and as slip surfaces in sandstone[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1978,116:931-930.
[6]Aydin A,Johnson A M.Developlement of faults as zones of deformation bands and as slip surfacesin sandstone[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1978,116:913-930.
[7]Aydin A,Johnson A M.Analysis of faulting in porous sandstones[J].Jour Struct Geol,1983,5:19-31.
[8]Antonellini M,Aydin A.Effect of faulting on fluid flow in porous sandstones:geometry and spatialdistribution[J].Amer Assoc Petrol Geol Bull,1995,79:642-671.
[9]Wong Teng-fong,Zhu Wen-lu.Brittle faulting and permeability evolution:hydromechanical meas-urement,microstructural observation,and network modeling[M].American Geophysical Union,1999:83-99.
[10]程汝楠.古水文地质及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1981.
[11]Brace W F.Permeability of crystalline and argillaceous rocks[J].Int J Rock Mechanics Min Sci andGeomech,1980,17(3):241-250.
[12]Steven E,Ingebritsen,Ward E Sanford.The role of groundwater in the crustal processes[M].Cam-bridge University Press,1998:13-16.
[13]Person M,Baumgartner L.New evidence for long-distance fluid migration within the earth′s crust[J].Rev Geophys,1995,33,[S1]:1 083-1 092.
[14]Nezuil C E.Abnormal pressure as hydrodynamic phenomena[J].American Journal of Science,1995,295:742-786.
[15]Emily E,Brodsky,Evelyn Roelos,et al.A Mechanism for Sustained Ground Water Pressure Chan-ges Induced by Distant Earthquakes[J].JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH,2003,108(B8):23-90.
[16]Ranalli G,Murph D.Rheological stratification of the lithosphere[J].Tectonophics,1987,132:281-295.
[17]孙雄,马宗晋,洪汉净.初论构造流体动力学[J].地学前缘,1996,3:138-144.
[18]徐兴旺,蔡新平,王杰,等.流体构造动力学及其研究现状与进展[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(3):324-331.
[2]Caine J S,Evans J P,Forster.Fault-zone architecture and permeability structure[J].Geology,1996,24:1 023-1 028.
[3]Jerry P,Fairley,Jennifer J,et al.Field observation of fluids circulation patterns in a fault systerm[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31:L19502.
[4]Heynekamp Michiel R.Controls on fault-zone architecture in poorly lithified sediments,Rio GrandeRift,New Mexico:Implications for fault-zone permeability and fluid flow[M].American Geophysi-cal Union,1999:27-49.
[5]Aydin A.Small faults formed as zones of deformation bands and as slip surfaces in sandstone[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1978,116:931-930.
[6]Aydin A,Johnson A M.Developlement of faults as zones of deformation bands and as slip surfacesin sandstone[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1978,116:913-930.
[7]Aydin A,Johnson A M.Analysis of faulting in porous sandstones[J].Jour Struct Geol,1983,5:19-31.
[8]Antonellini M,Aydin A.Effect of faulting on fluid flow in porous sandstones:geometry and spatialdistribution[J].Amer Assoc Petrol Geol Bull,1995,79:642-671.
[9]Wong Teng-fong,Zhu Wen-lu.Brittle faulting and permeability evolution:hydromechanical meas-urement,microstructural observation,and network modeling[M].American Geophysical Union,1999:83-99.
[10]程汝楠.古水文地质及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1981.
[11]Brace W F.Permeability of crystalline and argillaceous rocks[J].Int J Rock Mechanics Min Sci andGeomech,1980,17(3):241-250.
[12]Steven E,Ingebritsen,Ward E Sanford.The role of groundwater in the crustal processes[M].Cam-bridge University Press,1998:13-16.
[13]Person M,Baumgartner L.New evidence for long-distance fluid migration within the earth′s crust[J].Rev Geophys,1995,33,[S1]:1 083-1 092.
[14]Nezuil C E.Abnormal pressure as hydrodynamic phenomena[J].American Journal of Science,1995,295:742-786.
[15]Emily E,Brodsky,Evelyn Roelos,et al.A Mechanism for Sustained Ground Water Pressure Chan-ges Induced by Distant Earthquakes[J].JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH,2003,108(B8):23-90.
[16]Ranalli G,Murph D.Rheological stratification of the lithosphere[J].Tectonophics,1987,132:281-295.
[17]孙雄,马宗晋,洪汉净.初论构造流体动力学[J].地学前缘,1996,3:138-144.
[18]徐兴旺,蔡新平,王杰,等.流体构造动力学及其研究现状与进展[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(3):324-331.
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