深部矿井地震散射波成像数值模拟(英文)
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摘要
常规地震勘探大多基于反射波理论,对尺度小、倾角陡、构造复杂的灾害性地质体,很难得到精确的成像结果。本文建立2类典型矿井地质模型,采用有限差分正演模拟算法,研究了矿井地震散射波的特征,将等效偏移距偏移(EOM)和基于等效偏移距干涉叠加偏移的散射成像方法用于矿井地震勘探中,重点分析了散射波成像相比常规反射波地震成像的技术优势。研究表明:1)散射成像方法能够提高覆盖次数,充分利用有效的弱散射信号,对不均匀复杂地质体的散射波的成像效果明显优于反射波叠后偏移;2)对于巷道超前探测,它弥补了基于射线理论的叠加偏移的不足,为提高矿井地震勘探分辨率提供了有效的成像方法。
Conventional seismic exploration,mostly based on reflection theory,hardly has accurate imaging results for disaster geologic bodies which have small scale,steep dip,or complex structure.In this paper,we design two typical geologic models for analyzing the characteristics of scattered waves in mines for forward modeling by finite difference and apply the equivalent offset migration(EOM)and EOM-based interference stack migration methods to mine prospecting.We focus on the analysis of scatted imaging’s technological superiority to reflection imaging.Research shows:1)scattered imaging can improve fold and make the best of weak scattered information,so it shows better results than post-stack migration imaging and 2)it can utilize the diffraction stack migration method-based ray path theory for mine seismic advanced prediction,so it provides an new efficient imaging method for improving resolution of mine seismic exploration.
Conventional seismic exploration,mostly based on reflection theory,hardly has accurate imaging results for disaster geologic bodies which have small scale,steep dip,or complex structure.In this paper,we design two typical geologic models for analyzing the characteristics of scattered waves in mines for forward modeling by finite difference and apply the equivalent offset migration(EOM)and EOM-based interference stack migration methods to mine prospecting.We focus on the analysis of scatted imaging’s technological superiority to reflection imaging.Research shows:1)scattered imaging can improve fold and make the best of weak scattered information,so it shows better results than post-stack migration imaging and 2)it can utilize the diffraction stack migration method-based ray path theory for mine seismic advanced prediction,so it provides an new efficient imaging method for improving resolution of mine seismic exploration.
引文
Aki,K.,and Richards,P.G.,1986,Quantitative seismologytheory and method:Seismological Press,China,45–219.
Bancroft,J.C.and Geiger,H.D.,1994,Equivalent offsetsand CRP gathers for pre-stack migration:64th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,672–675.
Bancroft,J.C.,Geiger,H.D.,and Margrave,G.F.,1998,The equivalent offset method of prestack time migration:Geophysics,63,2041–2053.
Bancroft,J.C.and Li,X.X.,1998,Efficient computationof the equivalent offset travel times for EOM:68th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1768–1771.
Fowler,P.J.,1997,A comparative overview of prestacktime migration methods:67th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1571–1574.
Geiger,H.D.and Bancroft,J.C.,1996,Equivalent offsetpre-stack migration for rugged topography:66th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,447–450.
Gou,L.M.,2007,A study on scattered wave imagingprocessing technique:PhD Thesis,China University ofGeosciences,Beijing.
Li,C.P.,2006,A study on corresponding relationshipb etween scattering wave character is tics an dheterogeneous geologic bodies:PhD Thesis,ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,Beijing.
Liu,T.F.,and Li,Z.D.,1993,Mine geophysicalprospecting:China Coal Industry Publishing House,China,1–10.
Liu,E.R.,Queen,J.H.,Zhang,Z.J.,and Chen,D.,2000,Simulation of multiple scattering of seismic waves byspatially distributed inclusions:Science in China,43(4),387–394.
Wang,R.Q.,Jia,X.F.and Hu,T.Y.,2004,The precisefinite difference method for seismic modeling:Applied Geophysics,1(2),69–74.
Wang,W.,2005,The prestack time migration study ofequivalent offset method:Master’s Thesis,ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,Beijing.
Wu,R.S.and Aki,K.,1985a,Scattering characteristics ofelastic waves by an elastic heterogeneity:Geophysics,50,582–595.
——1985b,Elastic wave scattering by a random mediumand the small scale inhomogeneities in the lithosphere:Jour.Geophys.Res.,90,10261–10273.
——.,1993,Scattering and attenuation of seismic waves:Seismological Press,China,101–159.
Wu,Q.B.,Chen,T.J.and Chen,F.Y.,2005,Geologicalexploration techniques used in deep coal mining inChina:Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(2),370–373.
Yin,J.J.,2005,A study on seismic scattered wavecharacteristics by numerical simulating:PhD Thesis,China University of Geosciences,Beijing.
Zhang,L.Y.and Liu,Y.,2006,Analysis and applicationof pseudo-offset method in the converted-wave prestacktime migration:Applied Geophysics,3(1),18–26.
Zhang,L.Y.and Liu,Y.,2008,Anisotropic converted waveamplitude-preserving prestack time migration by thepseudo-offset method:Applied Geophysics,5(3),204–211.
Zhang,P.S.,Liu,S.D.and Wu,J.S.,2007,Study ondetecting simulation ahead of tunnel and laneway andits migration techniques:Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,26(1),2847–2851.
Zhang,T.X.,Tao,G.,Li,J.J.,Wang,B.,and Wang,H.,2009,Application of the equivalent offset migrationmethod in acoustic log reflection imaging:AppliedGeophysics,6(4),303–310.
Zhu,G.W.,Di,B.Y.,Ma,W.B.,Wu,C.X.,and Ding,X.,2008,Geological conditions and other geophysicalsurvey technologies of coal mining face in deep mine:Coal Engineering(in Chinese),55(3),66–68.
Bancroft,J.C.and Geiger,H.D.,1994,Equivalent offsetsand CRP gathers for pre-stack migration:64th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,672–675.
Bancroft,J.C.,Geiger,H.D.,and Margrave,G.F.,1998,The equivalent offset method of prestack time migration:Geophysics,63,2041–2053.
Bancroft,J.C.and Li,X.X.,1998,Efficient computationof the equivalent offset travel times for EOM:68th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1768–1771.
Fowler,P.J.,1997,A comparative overview of prestacktime migration methods:67th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1571–1574.
Geiger,H.D.and Bancroft,J.C.,1996,Equivalent offsetpre-stack migration for rugged topography:66th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,447–450.
Gou,L.M.,2007,A study on scattered wave imagingprocessing technique:PhD Thesis,China University ofGeosciences,Beijing.
Li,C.P.,2006,A study on corresponding relationshipb etween scattering wave character is tics an dheterogeneous geologic bodies:PhD Thesis,ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,Beijing.
Liu,T.F.,and Li,Z.D.,1993,Mine geophysicalprospecting:China Coal Industry Publishing House,China,1–10.
Liu,E.R.,Queen,J.H.,Zhang,Z.J.,and Chen,D.,2000,Simulation of multiple scattering of seismic waves byspatially distributed inclusions:Science in China,43(4),387–394.
Wang,R.Q.,Jia,X.F.and Hu,T.Y.,2004,The precisefinite difference method for seismic modeling:Applied Geophysics,1(2),69–74.
Wang,W.,2005,The prestack time migration study ofequivalent offset method:Master’s Thesis,ChinaUniversity of Geosciences,Beijing.
Wu,R.S.and Aki,K.,1985a,Scattering characteristics ofelastic waves by an elastic heterogeneity:Geophysics,50,582–595.
——1985b,Elastic wave scattering by a random mediumand the small scale inhomogeneities in the lithosphere:Jour.Geophys.Res.,90,10261–10273.
——.,1993,Scattering and attenuation of seismic waves:Seismological Press,China,101–159.
Wu,Q.B.,Chen,T.J.and Chen,F.Y.,2005,Geologicalexploration techniques used in deep coal mining inChina:Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(2),370–373.
Yin,J.J.,2005,A study on seismic scattered wavecharacteristics by numerical simulating:PhD Thesis,China University of Geosciences,Beijing.
Zhang,L.Y.and Liu,Y.,2006,Analysis and applicationof pseudo-offset method in the converted-wave prestacktime migration:Applied Geophysics,3(1),18–26.
Zhang,L.Y.and Liu,Y.,2008,Anisotropic converted waveamplitude-preserving prestack time migration by thepseudo-offset method:Applied Geophysics,5(3),204–211.
Zhang,P.S.,Liu,S.D.and Wu,J.S.,2007,Study ondetecting simulation ahead of tunnel and laneway andits migration techniques:Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,26(1),2847–2851.
Zhang,T.X.,Tao,G.,Li,J.J.,Wang,B.,and Wang,H.,2009,Application of the equivalent offset migrationmethod in acoustic log reflection imaging:AppliedGeophysics,6(4),303–310.
Zhu,G.W.,Di,B.Y.,Ma,W.B.,Wu,C.X.,and Ding,X.,2008,Geological conditions and other geophysicalsurvey technologies of coal mining face in deep mine:Coal Engineering(in Chinese),55(3),66–68.
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