大阵列3D VSP和全方位地面三维地震联合采集、处理及解释在火山岩气藏中的应用——以XS21-1井区为例
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摘要
常规地面地震由于低分辨率和缺乏详细的速度信息已不能满足精细勘探开发的需要,为此,针对地质情况极其复杂的火山岩储层,开展高分辨率三维地震的应用尝试就更为必要.本文基于零井源距VSP、8方向的Walkaway VSP、3D VSP和全方位地面三维地震的联合采集、处理及解释,探讨了采集观测方案设计的合理性和处理方案的合理有效性,并在此基础上开展了构造解释、火山机构识别、裂缝预测及火山岩储层含气检测.通过本次研究取得了五点认识:一是发展完善了零井源距VSP、3D VSP与Walkaway VSP的联合处理技术,零井源距VSP与地面地震的叠前补偿和反褶积方法,以及完备的质量监控方式;二是采用VSP及合成地震记录联合标定的方法进行层位标定及由点到线、由线到面的空间立体构造精细解释,提高了构造解释精度;三是应用平面振幅、频率、相位、相干以及波形聚类等地震属性可进行火山锥有效识别;四是分析认为本区裂缝发育带与火山锥及断层的分布具有密切的相关性,火山锥处裂缝密度最大,断层区次之;五是应用AVO截距属性随炮检距的变化判断气层并不是绝对的,结合泊松比属性可以进行火山岩有利气层预测.
Because of low-resolution and lack of detailed velocity information,the conventional surface seismic has not meet the needs of Fine exploration and development.for this reason,Attempt to apply high-resolution 3D seismic is even more necessary for Volcanic reservoir,which geological conditions extremely complex.This article based on Zero-well spacing VSP,8 direction Walkaway VSP,3D VSP and Full three-dimensional surface seismic Joint acquisition,processing and interpretation,Discussed rationality of Acquisition Observations design and reasonable efficiency of processing Program,and carried out Structural interpretation,Identification of Volcanic organization, fracture prediction and gas detection of volcanic reservoir on the basis of this.Obtained a five-point understanding by this study:First,Developed and improved Joint processing technology of the Zero-well spacing VSP,3D VSP and 8 direction Walkaway VSP,and Prestack compensation and Deconvolution method of Zero-well spacing VSP and surface seismic,and complete Quality control methods;Second,Horizon calibration used Joint calibration of VSP and Synthetic Seismic records,and from the point to line,from line to a plane,Three-dimensional space Fine structural interpretation,improved the precision of structural interpretation;Third,it was effective to identificate volcanic cone by plane amplitude,frequency,phase,coherence,and Wave Cluster etc,a variety of seismic attributes;Fourth, analysised that Fracture zone and the distribution of volcanic cones and faults is closely related in this area,fracture density is the highest at volcanic cones,followed by the fault zone;Fifth,determining gas by the changes of AVO intercept attribute with the offset is not absolute,it was feasible to predict distribution of the volcanic favorable gas reservoir Joint Poisson's ratio attribute.
Because of low-resolution and lack of detailed velocity information,the conventional surface seismic has not meet the needs of Fine exploration and development.for this reason,Attempt to apply high-resolution 3D seismic is even more necessary for Volcanic reservoir,which geological conditions extremely complex.This article based on Zero-well spacing VSP,8 direction Walkaway VSP,3D VSP and Full three-dimensional surface seismic Joint acquisition,processing and interpretation,Discussed rationality of Acquisition Observations design and reasonable efficiency of processing Program,and carried out Structural interpretation,Identification of Volcanic organization, fracture prediction and gas detection of volcanic reservoir on the basis of this.Obtained a five-point understanding by this study:First,Developed and improved Joint processing technology of the Zero-well spacing VSP,3D VSP and 8 direction Walkaway VSP,and Prestack compensation and Deconvolution method of Zero-well spacing VSP and surface seismic,and complete Quality control methods;Second,Horizon calibration used Joint calibration of VSP and Synthetic Seismic records,and from the point to line,from line to a plane,Three-dimensional space Fine structural interpretation,improved the precision of structural interpretation;Third,it was effective to identificate volcanic cone by plane amplitude,frequency,phase,coherence,and Wave Cluster etc,a variety of seismic attributes;Fourth, analysised that Fracture zone and the distribution of volcanic cones and faults is closely related in this area,fracture density is the highest at volcanic cones,followed by the fault zone;Fifth,determining gas by the changes of AVO intercept attribute with the offset is not absolute,it was feasible to predict distribution of the volcanic favorable gas reservoir Joint Poisson's ratio attribute.
引文
[1]Wang P J,Liu W Z,Wang S X,et al.~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar and K/Ar dating on the volcanic rocks in the Songliao basin,NE China: constraints on stratigraphy and basin dynamics.International Journal of Earth Sciences.2002a,V91(2):331- 340.
[2]Wang P J,Ren Y G,Shan X L,et al.The Cretaceous volcanic succession around the Songliao Basin,NE China:relationship between volcanism and sedimentation.Geological Journal, 2002b,V37(2):97-115.
[3]Wang P J,Chen F K.Chen S M,et al.Geochemical and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic composition of Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Songliao basin.NE China.Geochemical Journal,2006,V40 (2):149-159.
[4]王璞珺,郑常青,舒萍,等.松辽盆地深层火山岩岩性分类方案[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(4):17-22. Wang P J,Zheng C Q,Shu P,et al.Classification of deep volcanic rocks in Songliao Basin.Petroleum Geology &.Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,V26(4):17-22.
[5]王璞珺,迟元林,刘万洙,等.松辽盆地火山岩相:类型、特征和储层意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2003a,33(4):449 -456. Wang P J,Chi Y L,Liu W Z,et al.Volcanic Facies of The SONGLIAO Basin:Classification,Characteristics and Reservoir Significance.Journal of JILIN university(earth edition)(in Chinese),2003a,V33(4):449-456.
[6]王璞珺,陈树民,刘万洙,等.松辽盆地火山岩相与火山岩储层的关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2003b,24(1):18-27. Wang P J,Chen S M,Liu W Z,et al.Relationship Between Volcanic Facies and Volcanic Reservoirs In SONGLIAO Basin. Oil &.Gas Geology,2003b,V24(l):18-27.
[7]王璞珺,吴河勇,庞彦明,等.松辽盆地火山岩相:相序、相模式与储层物性的定量关系[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2006,36(5):805-812. Wang P J,Wu H Y,Pang Y M,et al.Volcanic Facies of the Songliao Basin;Sequence,Model and the Quantitative Relationship with Porosity &.Permeability of the Volcanic Reservoir.Journal of JILIN university(earth edition )(in Chinese),2006,V36(5):805-812.
[8]郭建.VSP技术应用现状及发展趋势[J].勘探地球物理进展, 2004,27(1):28-32. Guo J.The application status and development trends of VSP technology.Progress in exploration geophysics(in Chinese), 2004,V27(l):28-32.
[9]郭向宇,凌云,高军,等.井地联合地震勘探技术研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):438-450. Guo X Y,Ling Y,Gao],et al.Study of seismic-logging joint seismic exploration technology.Geophysical prospecting for petroleum(in Chinese),2010,49(5):438-450.
[10]Myung W.Lee and Alfred H.Balch.1983,Computer processing of Vertical seismic profile data,Geophysics,48(3),272-287.
[11]杨占龙,沙雪梅.储层预测中层位储层的精细标定方法[J].石油物探,2005,44(6):627-631. Yang Z L,Sha X M.A fine calibration on horizons and reservoir in reservoir prediction.Geophysical prospecting for petroleumGn Chinese),2005,V44(6):627-631.
[12]丁日新,舒萍,纪学雁.徐深气田徐深21区块火山岩储层预测与分类[J].天然气工业,2009,29(8):22-25. Ding R X,Shu P,Ji X Y.Prediction and classification of volcanic reservoirs in the block Xushen-21 of Xushen gas field.Natural Gas Industry,2009,V29(8):22-25.
[13]韩宏伟,崔红庄,赵海华,等.三维速度场建立方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(1):54-56. Han H W,Cui H Z,Zhao H H,et al.A method to build up 3D velocity field.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2010,V17(1):54-56.
[14]唐华风,王璞珺,姜传金,等.波形分类方法在松辽盆地火山岩相识别中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):440- 444. Tang H F,Wang P J,Jiang C J,et al.Application of waveform classification to identify volcanic facies in Songliao basin.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,V42(4):440-444.
[15]唐华风,李瑞磊,吴艳辉,等.火山地层结构特征及其对波阻抗反演的约束[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):620-627. Tang H F,Li R I.,Wu Y H,et al.Textural characteristics of volcanic strata and its constraint to impedance inversion. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,V54(2):620-627.
[16]张尔华,关晓巍,张元高.支持向量机模型在火山岩储层预测中的应用以徐家围子断陷徐东斜坡带为例[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):428-432. Zhang E H,Guan X W,Zhang Y G.Support vector machine in volcanic reservoir forecast;East slope in Xujiaweizi depression.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,V54(2): 428-432.
[17]谢春临,陈树民,姜传金,等.趋势面分析与相干体切片相结合的技术在火山岩预测中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2011,54 (2):368-373. Xie C L,Chen S M,Jiang C J,et al.Application of a method combining trend surface analysis and coherence cube technology to volcanic prediction.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,V54(2):368-373.
[18]舒萍,曲延明,王国军,等.松辽盆地火山岩储层裂缝地质特征与地球物理识别[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37 (4):726-733. Shu P,Qu Y M,Wang G J,et al.Geological Features of the Volcanic Reservoirs of the Songliao Basin and Their Geophysical Detection.Journal of JILIN university(earth edition)(in Chinese),2007,V37(4):726-733.
[19]杨晓,王真理,喻岳钰.裂缝型储层地震检测方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1785-1794. Yang X,Wang Z L,Yu Y Y.The overview of seismic techniques in prediction of fracture reservoir.Progress in Geophysics,(in Chinese),2010,V25(5):1785-1794.
[20]董平川,徐衍彬,李飞,等.储层裂缝识别和预测方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2010,29(2):5-12. Dong P C,Xu Y B,Li F,et al.Identification and prediction of reservoir fractures.Petroleum Geology &.Oilfield Development in Daqing(in Chinese),2010,V29(2):5-12.
[21]姜传金,张广颖,鞠林波.利用地震叠前数据预测火山岩裂缝的方法和效果分析—以松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩为例[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):515-523. Jang C J.Zang G Y,Ju L B.The method and effect analysis of volcanic fracture prediction with prestack seismic dataAn example from the volcanic rocks of Yingcheng formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression,north of Songliao basin, Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,V54(2):515-523.
[22]孙晓猛,王璞珺,郝福江,等.中国东部陆缘中区中-新生代区域断裂系统时空分布特征、迁移规律及成因类型[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35(5):554-563. Sun X M,Wang P J,Hao F J,et al.Space-time Distribution Features,Migration Regularities and Genetic Types of Regional Fault System of Meso-Cenozoic in the Central Section of Epicontinent of the East China,Journal of J1LIN university(earth edition)(in Chinese),2005,V35(5):554- 563.
[23]孙晓猛,刘财,朱德丰,等.大兴安岭西坡德尔布于断裂地球物理特征与构造属性[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):433- 440. Sun X M,Liu C,Zhu D F,et al.Geophysical features and tectonic attribute of the Derbugan fault in the western slope of Da Hinggan Ling mountains.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,V54(2):433-440.
[24]宋建国,王艳香,乔玉雷,等.AVO技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):508-514. Song J G,Wang Y X,Qiao Y L,et al.Advances in AVO technique.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,V23 (2):508-514.
[25]李艳玲,王云专,李来林,等.AVO技术在徐家围子断陷油气检测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2010,29(5):168- 171. Li Y L,Wang Y Z,Li L L,et al.Application of AVO technology in hydrocarbon detection of XUJIAWEIZI fault depression.Petroleum Geology &.Oilfield Development in Daqing(in Chinese),2010,V29(5):168-171.
[2]Wang P J,Ren Y G,Shan X L,et al.The Cretaceous volcanic succession around the Songliao Basin,NE China:relationship between volcanism and sedimentation.Geological Journal, 2002b,V37(2):97-115.
[3]Wang P J,Chen F K.Chen S M,et al.Geochemical and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic composition of Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Songliao basin.NE China.Geochemical Journal,2006,V40 (2):149-159.
[4]王璞珺,郑常青,舒萍,等.松辽盆地深层火山岩岩性分类方案[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(4):17-22. Wang P J,Zheng C Q,Shu P,et al.Classification of deep volcanic rocks in Songliao Basin.Petroleum Geology &.Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,V26(4):17-22.
[5]王璞珺,迟元林,刘万洙,等.松辽盆地火山岩相:类型、特征和储层意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2003a,33(4):449 -456. Wang P J,Chi Y L,Liu W Z,et al.Volcanic Facies of The SONGLIAO Basin:Classification,Characteristics and Reservoir Significance.Journal of JILIN university(earth edition)(in Chinese),2003a,V33(4):449-456.
[6]王璞珺,陈树民,刘万洙,等.松辽盆地火山岩相与火山岩储层的关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2003b,24(1):18-27. Wang P J,Chen S M,Liu W Z,et al.Relationship Between Volcanic Facies and Volcanic Reservoirs In SONGLIAO Basin. Oil &.Gas Geology,2003b,V24(l):18-27.
[7]王璞珺,吴河勇,庞彦明,等.松辽盆地火山岩相:相序、相模式与储层物性的定量关系[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2006,36(5):805-812. Wang P J,Wu H Y,Pang Y M,et al.Volcanic Facies of the Songliao Basin;Sequence,Model and the Quantitative Relationship with Porosity &.Permeability of the Volcanic Reservoir.Journal of JILIN university(earth edition )(in Chinese),2006,V36(5):805-812.
[8]郭建.VSP技术应用现状及发展趋势[J].勘探地球物理进展, 2004,27(1):28-32. Guo J.The application status and development trends of VSP technology.Progress in exploration geophysics(in Chinese), 2004,V27(l):28-32.
[9]郭向宇,凌云,高军,等.井地联合地震勘探技术研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):438-450. Guo X Y,Ling Y,Gao],et al.Study of seismic-logging joint seismic exploration technology.Geophysical prospecting for petroleum(in Chinese),2010,49(5):438-450.
[10]Myung W.Lee and Alfred H.Balch.1983,Computer processing of Vertical seismic profile data,Geophysics,48(3),272-287.
[11]杨占龙,沙雪梅.储层预测中层位储层的精细标定方法[J].石油物探,2005,44(6):627-631. Yang Z L,Sha X M.A fine calibration on horizons and reservoir in reservoir prediction.Geophysical prospecting for petroleumGn Chinese),2005,V44(6):627-631.
[12]丁日新,舒萍,纪学雁.徐深气田徐深21区块火山岩储层预测与分类[J].天然气工业,2009,29(8):22-25. Ding R X,Shu P,Ji X Y.Prediction and classification of volcanic reservoirs in the block Xushen-21 of Xushen gas field.Natural Gas Industry,2009,V29(8):22-25.
[13]韩宏伟,崔红庄,赵海华,等.三维速度场建立方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(1):54-56. Han H W,Cui H Z,Zhao H H,et al.A method to build up 3D velocity field.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2010,V17(1):54-56.
[14]唐华风,王璞珺,姜传金,等.波形分类方法在松辽盆地火山岩相识别中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):440- 444. Tang H F,Wang P J,Jiang C J,et al.Application of waveform classification to identify volcanic facies in Songliao basin.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,V42(4):440-444.
[15]唐华风,李瑞磊,吴艳辉,等.火山地层结构特征及其对波阻抗反演的约束[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):620-627. Tang H F,Li R I.,Wu Y H,et al.Textural characteristics of volcanic strata and its constraint to impedance inversion. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,V54(2):620-627.
[16]张尔华,关晓巍,张元高.支持向量机模型在火山岩储层预测中的应用以徐家围子断陷徐东斜坡带为例[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):428-432. Zhang E H,Guan X W,Zhang Y G.Support vector machine in volcanic reservoir forecast;East slope in Xujiaweizi depression.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,V54(2): 428-432.
[17]谢春临,陈树民,姜传金,等.趋势面分析与相干体切片相结合的技术在火山岩预测中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2011,54 (2):368-373. Xie C L,Chen S M,Jiang C J,et al.Application of a method combining trend surface analysis and coherence cube technology to volcanic prediction.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,V54(2):368-373.
[18]舒萍,曲延明,王国军,等.松辽盆地火山岩储层裂缝地质特征与地球物理识别[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2007,37 (4):726-733. Shu P,Qu Y M,Wang G J,et al.Geological Features of the Volcanic Reservoirs of the Songliao Basin and Their Geophysical Detection.Journal of JILIN university(earth edition)(in Chinese),2007,V37(4):726-733.
[19]杨晓,王真理,喻岳钰.裂缝型储层地震检测方法综述[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1785-1794. Yang X,Wang Z L,Yu Y Y.The overview of seismic techniques in prediction of fracture reservoir.Progress in Geophysics,(in Chinese),2010,V25(5):1785-1794.
[20]董平川,徐衍彬,李飞,等.储层裂缝识别和预测方法[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2010,29(2):5-12. Dong P C,Xu Y B,Li F,et al.Identification and prediction of reservoir fractures.Petroleum Geology &.Oilfield Development in Daqing(in Chinese),2010,V29(2):5-12.
[21]姜传金,张广颖,鞠林波.利用地震叠前数据预测火山岩裂缝的方法和效果分析—以松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩为例[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):515-523. Jang C J.Zang G Y,Ju L B.The method and effect analysis of volcanic fracture prediction with prestack seismic dataAn example from the volcanic rocks of Yingcheng formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression,north of Songliao basin, Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,V54(2):515-523.
[22]孙晓猛,王璞珺,郝福江,等.中国东部陆缘中区中-新生代区域断裂系统时空分布特征、迁移规律及成因类型[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35(5):554-563. Sun X M,Wang P J,Hao F J,et al.Space-time Distribution Features,Migration Regularities and Genetic Types of Regional Fault System of Meso-Cenozoic in the Central Section of Epicontinent of the East China,Journal of J1LIN university(earth edition)(in Chinese),2005,V35(5):554- 563.
[23]孙晓猛,刘财,朱德丰,等.大兴安岭西坡德尔布于断裂地球物理特征与构造属性[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(2):433- 440. Sun X M,Liu C,Zhu D F,et al.Geophysical features and tectonic attribute of the Derbugan fault in the western slope of Da Hinggan Ling mountains.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,V54(2):433-440.
[24]宋建国,王艳香,乔玉雷,等.AVO技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):508-514. Song J G,Wang Y X,Qiao Y L,et al.Advances in AVO technique.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,V23 (2):508-514.
[25]李艳玲,王云专,李来林,等.AVO技术在徐家围子断陷油气检测中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2010,29(5):168- 171. Li Y L,Wang Y Z,Li L L,et al.Application of AVO technology in hydrocarbon detection of XUJIAWEIZI fault depression.Petroleum Geology &.Oilfield Development in Daqing(in Chinese),2010,V29(5):168-171.
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