古地震记录与岩相古地理
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摘要
本研究概括了古地震记录三方面的主要特征,即宏观构造、微观构造和地球化学异常。提出了不同沉积岩相古地理环境下古地震记录的差异性,指出了地震泄水充填脉构造在潟湖、潮坪、浅海碳酸盐岩和缓坡碳酸盐岩等相带中形成的特点,以及臼齿构造(molar-tooth)出现在缓坡碳酸盐岩相带的原因。根据在地震事件层内发现火山晶屑和火山玻璃假象的事实,指出采取同位素测年样品的必要性。
Three main characteristics of ancient earthquakes are demonstrated in this paper.They are macro-structures,micro-structures,and geo-chemical abnormal.There are differences of earthquake records in various litho-geographic environments.It is recognized that the formation factors caused by water escape fillings so called molar tooth structures either in clastic rocks or in carbonate rocks,such as sand liquefaction and sand bed slump structures so common in lacustrine,lagoon and tidal flats but molar tooth structures widely distributed in carbonate rocks related with marine ramp environment due to tempsite beds always containing more water.Besides,volcanic crystals,tuffs,or pseudomorphic volcanic glasses could be company with earthquake records beds need pay attention to collection of samples for geo-age determination.
Three main characteristics of ancient earthquakes are demonstrated in this paper.They are macro-structures,micro-structures,and geo-chemical abnormal.There are differences of earthquake records in various litho-geographic environments.It is recognized that the formation factors caused by water escape fillings so called molar tooth structures either in clastic rocks or in carbonate rocks,such as sand liquefaction and sand bed slump structures so common in lacustrine,lagoon and tidal flats but molar tooth structures widely distributed in carbonate rocks related with marine ramp environment due to tempsite beds always containing more water.Besides,volcanic crystals,tuffs,or pseudomorphic volcanic glasses could be company with earthquake records beds need pay attention to collection of samples for geo-age determination.
引文
1宋天锐,关于沉积地层中的古地震信息[C]∥张勤文,徐道一主编.天文地质学进展.北京:海洋出版社,1986:95-104
2宋天锐,和政军,丁孝忠,等.北京十三陵中元古代串岭沟期地质事件的探索[J].地质论评,2000,46(4):400-406
3宋天锐,和政军,丁孝忠,等.北京十三陵元古宙大峪组含事件信息的沉积岩研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2000,19(4):323-332
4Song Tianrui,Gao Jian.Tidal sedimentary structures from Upper Pre-cambrian rocks of the Ming Tombs District,Beijing(Peking),China[J].Precambrian Research,1985,29:98-107
5宋天锐,高健.最古老的后生动物痕迹化石——对北京十三陵前寒武纪常州沟组充填管构造的探讨[J].沉积学报,1985,3(2):85-96
6宋天锐,高健.这些是中国发现的最古老的后生动物痕迹化石吗-[J].科学通报,1985,12:926-928
7宋天锐.关于岩石钾肥、古-新地震和人造甲烷水合物的思维启迪[C]∥王华,李忠,陆永潮主编.现代沉积学研究的若干思路与方法.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002:168-179
8宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震-海啸序列[J].科学通报,1988,8:609-611
9和政军,宋天锐,丁孝忠,等.燕山中元古代裂谷早期沉积断裂活动及其对沉积事件的影响[J].古地理学报,2000,2(3):83-91
10宋天锐,高健.北京前寒武系沉积岩[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:1-193
11宋天锐,赵震,王长尧,等.华北元古宙沉积岩[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1991:1-192
12宋天锐.沉积地层中的地震记录及其意义[C]∥北京大学国际地质科学学术研讨会论文集.北京:地震出版社,1998:212-221
13乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,1994,68(1):16-134
14宋天锐.北京十三陵地区中元古界长城系沉积相标志及其古地理模式[J].古地理学报,2007,9(5):461-472
15Song Tianrui,Gerhard Einsele.Proterozoic sedimentary facies and their depositional environments in the Ming Tombs District,Beijing[C]∥Proceedings of30thInternational Congress,Field Trip Guide.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996,201:1-22
16乔秀夫,李海兵,王思恩,等.新疆境内塔拉斯费尔干纳断裂早侏罗世走滑的古地震证据[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):721-730
17Kuenen P.Experiments in geology[J].Trans.Geo.Soc.Glasgow,1958,23:1-28
18Seilacher A.Fault-graded bedding interpreted as seismites[J].Sedi-mentology,1969,13(1/2):155-159
19Fairchild I J,Einsele G,Song Tianrui.Possible seismic origin of mo-lar tooth structures in Neoproterozoic carbonate ramp deposits,north China[J].Sedimentology,1977,24:611～636
20乔秀夫,宋天锐,李海兵,等.辽东半岛南部震旦系—下寒武统成因地层—大连市金石滩海岸国家级风景旅游导游[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1-174
21乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.地层中地震记录(古地震)[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:1-255
22Seilacher A.Sedimentary structure tentatively to seismic event[J].Marine Geology,1984,55(1/2):1-12
23杨剑萍,查明,牟雪梅,等.山东惠民凹陷古近系基山砂体地震作用成因新论[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):488-495
24杨剑萍,聂玲玲,张琳璞,等.柴达木盆地西南缘乌南油田新近纪古地震记录及储集性能研究[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):805-812
25梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏,等.北京房山世界地质公园中元古界雾迷山组地震—海啸序列及地质特征[J].地质通报,2009,28(1):30-37
2宋天锐,和政军,丁孝忠,等.北京十三陵中元古代串岭沟期地质事件的探索[J].地质论评,2000,46(4):400-406
3宋天锐,和政军,丁孝忠,等.北京十三陵元古宙大峪组含事件信息的沉积岩研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2000,19(4):323-332
4Song Tianrui,Gao Jian.Tidal sedimentary structures from Upper Pre-cambrian rocks of the Ming Tombs District,Beijing(Peking),China[J].Precambrian Research,1985,29:98-107
5宋天锐,高健.最古老的后生动物痕迹化石——对北京十三陵前寒武纪常州沟组充填管构造的探讨[J].沉积学报,1985,3(2):85-96
6宋天锐,高健.这些是中国发现的最古老的后生动物痕迹化石吗-[J].科学通报,1985,12:926-928
7宋天锐.关于岩石钾肥、古-新地震和人造甲烷水合物的思维启迪[C]∥王华,李忠,陆永潮主编.现代沉积学研究的若干思路与方法.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002:168-179
8宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震-海啸序列[J].科学通报,1988,8:609-611
9和政军,宋天锐,丁孝忠,等.燕山中元古代裂谷早期沉积断裂活动及其对沉积事件的影响[J].古地理学报,2000,2(3):83-91
10宋天锐,高健.北京前寒武系沉积岩[M].北京:地质出版社,1987:1-193
11宋天锐,赵震,王长尧,等.华北元古宙沉积岩[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1991:1-192
12宋天锐.沉积地层中的地震记录及其意义[C]∥北京大学国际地质科学学术研讨会论文集.北京:地震出版社,1998:212-221
13乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,1994,68(1):16-134
14宋天锐.北京十三陵地区中元古界长城系沉积相标志及其古地理模式[J].古地理学报,2007,9(5):461-472
15Song Tianrui,Gerhard Einsele.Proterozoic sedimentary facies and their depositional environments in the Ming Tombs District,Beijing[C]∥Proceedings of30thInternational Congress,Field Trip Guide.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996,201:1-22
16乔秀夫,李海兵,王思恩,等.新疆境内塔拉斯费尔干纳断裂早侏罗世走滑的古地震证据[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):721-730
17Kuenen P.Experiments in geology[J].Trans.Geo.Soc.Glasgow,1958,23:1-28
18Seilacher A.Fault-graded bedding interpreted as seismites[J].Sedi-mentology,1969,13(1/2):155-159
19Fairchild I J,Einsele G,Song Tianrui.Possible seismic origin of mo-lar tooth structures in Neoproterozoic carbonate ramp deposits,north China[J].Sedimentology,1977,24:611～636
20乔秀夫,宋天锐,李海兵,等.辽东半岛南部震旦系—下寒武统成因地层—大连市金石滩海岸国家级风景旅游导游[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1-174
21乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.地层中地震记录(古地震)[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:1-255
22Seilacher A.Sedimentary structure tentatively to seismic event[J].Marine Geology,1984,55(1/2):1-12
23杨剑萍,查明,牟雪梅,等.山东惠民凹陷古近系基山砂体地震作用成因新论[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):488-495
24杨剑萍,聂玲玲,张琳璞,等.柴达木盆地西南缘乌南油田新近纪古地震记录及储集性能研究[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):805-812
25梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏,等.北京房山世界地质公园中元古界雾迷山组地震—海啸序列及地质特征[J].地质通报,2009,28(1):30-37
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