首都圈上地壳高精度三维P波速度模型——基于石油地震叠加速度和人工地震测深剖面
|
摘要
本文收集了首都圈地区40个测点的石油地震叠加速度资料,经常规处理后得到各测点下方速度随深度变化的曲线;对9条人工地震测深剖面的解释结果进行数字化处理获得各剖面下方离散的速度数据;应用上述资料和专业地质建模软件构建了首都圈地区(115.50°E—117.60°E,38.40°N—40.75°N)范围内上地壳高精度三维P波速度模型.结果表明:华北盆地为隆坳相间区,从东至西依次是黄骅坳陷、沧县隆起和冀中坳陷,上地壳速度结构十分复杂;结晶基底的埋深变化剧烈,冀中坳陷下最深处可达10km,沿构造走向整体呈西南深、东北浅的趋势,沧县隆起下埋深约2～4km,黄骅坳陷下最深处则达9km,剧烈的基底起伏反映出盆地内部不同次级构造单元的差异沉降和中、新生代以来强烈的拉张构造运动.太行山、燕山隆起下的基底埋深较盆地区浅,体现出隆起区新生代以来的抬升构造运动.本文首次将石油地震叠加速度资料用于首都圈地壳速度模型的构建,与以往用人工地震测深资料得到的模型相比,本文结果对华北盆地复杂的上地壳结构刻画得更为细致.
We collected oil seismic stack velocities of 40 survey points in the Chinese capital region and processed them to obtain curves which reveal the variations of velocity depend on the depth at each point,digitized 9 profile results of Deep Seismic Sounding(DSS) to get discrete velocities under the each profile,built up high precision 3D P-wave velocity model of the upper crust under the Chinese capital region(115.50°E—117.6°E,38.40°N—40.75°N) by using above data and geologic modeling software.The results show that the North China basin is an area with alternating uplifts and depressions,they are Huanghua depression,Cangxian uplift,Jizhong depression from east to west,and the upper crust velocity structures are quite complex.The depth of crystalline basement varies dramatically under the North China basin.Under the Jizhong depression,the depth of crystalline basement can reach to 10km at the deepest part,and it is deep in the southwest and sallow in the northeast along the structural orientation as a whole.Under the Cangxian uplift,the depth of crystalline basement is about 2~4 km,and under the Huanghua depression,it can reach to 9 km at the deepest part.The great relief of basement indicates the difference of settlement of these three secondary tectonic units and the strong extension tectonic movement since Mesozoic and Cenozoic era.The crystalline basement is shallower under the Taihangshan uplift and Yanshan uplift than under the North China basin,which suggests the raising tectonic movement of uplift area since Cenozoic era.It is the first time to use oil seismic stack velocities on the establishment of the crust velocity model under the Chinese capital region in this study,comparing with models obtained from DSS profiles,our present model are better to reflect the complex upper crust structures under the North China basin.
We collected oil seismic stack velocities of 40 survey points in the Chinese capital region and processed them to obtain curves which reveal the variations of velocity depend on the depth at each point,digitized 9 profile results of Deep Seismic Sounding(DSS) to get discrete velocities under the each profile,built up high precision 3D P-wave velocity model of the upper crust under the Chinese capital region(115.50°E—117.6°E,38.40°N—40.75°N) by using above data and geologic modeling software.The results show that the North China basin is an area with alternating uplifts and depressions,they are Huanghua depression,Cangxian uplift,Jizhong depression from east to west,and the upper crust velocity structures are quite complex.The depth of crystalline basement varies dramatically under the North China basin.Under the Jizhong depression,the depth of crystalline basement can reach to 10km at the deepest part,and it is deep in the southwest and sallow in the northeast along the structural orientation as a whole.Under the Cangxian uplift,the depth of crystalline basement is about 2~4 km,and under the Huanghua depression,it can reach to 9 km at the deepest part.The great relief of basement indicates the difference of settlement of these three secondary tectonic units and the strong extension tectonic movement since Mesozoic and Cenozoic era.The crystalline basement is shallower under the Taihangshan uplift and Yanshan uplift than under the North China basin,which suggests the raising tectonic movement of uplift area since Cenozoic era.It is the first time to use oil seismic stack velocities on the establishment of the crust velocity model under the Chinese capital region in this study,comparing with models obtained from DSS profiles,our present model are better to reflect the complex upper crust structures under the North China basin.
引文
[1]Huang J,Zhao D.Crustal heterogeneity and seismotectonicsof the region around Beijing,China.Tectonophysics,2004,385:159-180.
[2]潘佳铁,吴庆举,李永华等.华北地区瑞雷面波相速度层析成像.地球物理学报,2011,54(1):67-76.Pan J T,Wu Q J,Li Y H,et al.Rayleigh wave tomographyof the phase velocity in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(1):67-76.
[3]Wang W,Wu J,Fang L.High resolution Rayleigh wavephase velocity tomography in northern North China.Geophys.J.Int.,2012,189:647-658.
[4]任清芳,张成科,张先康等.八达岭及周缘地区壳幔结构与潜在震源探讨.西北地震学报,1997,19(3):56-62.Ren Q F,Zhang C K,Zhang X K,et al.Discussion onstructure of crust and upper mantle and potential focal regionin Badaling and its neighborhood.Northwestern SeismologicalJournal(in Chinese),1997,19(3):56-62.
[5]张成科,张先康,盖玉杰等.文安—蔚县—察右中旗剖面地壳上地幔速度结构与构造研究.华北地震科学,1997,15(3):18-28.Zhang C K,Zhang X K,Gai Y J,et al.A study of crust andupper mantle structure on Wen′an-Yuxian-Qaharyouyizhongqiprofile.North China Earthquake Sciences(in Chinese),1997,15(3):18-28.
[6]赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.香河—北京—涿鹿及其相邻地区壳幔构造与速度结构特征.地震地质,1999,21(1):29-36.Zhao J R,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.The crust-mantletectonics and velocity structure characteristics in Xianghe-Beijing-Zhulu and its adjacent areas.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1999,21(1):29-36.
[7]赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.利用宽角反射/折射和深反射探测剖面揭示三河—平谷大震区深部结构特征.地球物理学报,2004,47(4):646-653.Zhao J R,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.Deep structuralfeatures of the Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake area imaged by wide-angle and deep seismic reflection profiling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(4):646-653.
[8]嘉世旭,张成科,赵金仁等.华北东北部裂陷盆地与燕山隆起地壳结构.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):99-110.Jia S X,Zhang C K,Zhao J R,et al.Crustal structure of therift-depression basin and Yanshan uplift in the northeast partof North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):99-110.
[9]高孟潭,俞言祥,张晓梅等.北京地区地震动的三维有限差分模拟.中国地震,2002,18(4):356-364.Gao M T,Yu Y X,Zhang X M,et al.Three dimensionalfinite difference simulations of ground motions in the Beijingarea.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),2002,18(4):356-364.
[10]Ding Z,Romanelli F,Chen Y T,et al.Realistic modeling ofseismic wave ground motion in Beijing city.Pure Appl.Geophys.,2004,161(5-6):1093-1106.
[11]Ding Z,Chen Y T,Panza G F.Estimation of site effects inBeijing city.Pure Appl.Geophys.,2004,161(5-6):1107-1123.
[12]潘波,许建东,关口春子等.北京地区近断层强地震动模拟.地震地质,2006,28(4):623-634.Pan B,Xu J D,Haruko S,et al.Simulation of the near-faultstrong ground motion in Beijing region.Seismology andGeology(in Chinese),2006,28(4):623-634.
[13]周红,陈晓非.张北地震在北京市激发的二维强地面运动的模拟.地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1355-1366.Zhou H,Chen X F.Simulation of strong ground motion inBeijing city due to the Zhangbei earthquake.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(5):1355-1366.
[14]刘启方,李雪强.唐山大地震近场宽频带地震动模拟.地震工程与工程振动,2011,31(5):1-7.Liu Q F,Li X Q.Broad-band strong motion simulation of thegreat Tangshan earthquake.Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration(in Chinese),2011,31(5):1-7.
[15]王彦滨.盆地强震地面运动的预测.防灾博览,2003,(6):5-6.Wang Y B.The prediction of strong ground motion in basin.Overview of Disaster Prevention(in Chinese),2003,(6):5-6.
[16]Magistrale H,McLaughlin K,Day S.A geology-based 3Dvelocity model of the Los Angeles basin.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,1996,86(4):1161-1166.
[17]Magistrale H,Graves R,Clayton R.A standard three-dimensional seismic velocity model for southern California:Version 1,EOS Trans.AGU,1998,79:F605.
[18]Magistrale H,Day S,Clayton R W,et al.The SCECSouthern California Reference Three-Dimensional SeismicVelocity Model Version 2.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,2000,90(6B):S65-S76.
[19]Kohler M D,Magistrale H,Clayton R W.Mantleheterogeneities and the SCEC reference three-dimensionalseismic velocity model Version 3.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,2003,93(2):757-774.
[20]Komatitsch D,Liu Q,Tromp J,et al.Simulations of groundmotion in the Los Angeles basin based upon the spectral-element method.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,2004,94(1):187-206.
[21]Lovely P,Shaw J H,Liu Q,et al.A structural VPmodel ofthe Salton Trough,California,and its implications forseismic hazard.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,2006,96(5):1882-1896.
[22]Tape C,Liu Q,Maggi A,et al.Seismic tomography of thesouthern California crust based on spectral-element andadjoint methods.Geophys.J.Int.,2010,180(1):433-462.
[23]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.东营:石油大学出版社,1993.Lu J M.The Principle of Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,1993.
[24]赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.北京西北地区壳幔结构的非均匀性特征与地震活动.地震学报,2005,27(2):119-127.Zhao J R,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.The heterogeneouscharacteristics of crust-mantle structures and the seismicactivities in the northwest Beijing region.Acta SeismologicaSinica(in Chinese),2005,27(2):119-127.
[25]国家地震局《中国岩石圈动力学地图集》编委会.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989.Editorial Board for Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China,State Seismological Bureau.Lithspheric Dynamics Atlas ofChina(in Chinese).Beijing:China Cartographic PublishingHouse,1989.
[26]祝治平,张先康,张建狮等.北京—怀来—丰镇剖面地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究.地震学报,1997,19(5):499-505.Zhu Z P,Zhang X K,Zhang J S,et al.Study of crust-mantletectonics and its velocity structure of Beijing-Huailai-Fengzhen profile.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1997,19(5):499-505.
[27]王帅军,张先康,方盛明等.渤海湾西北缘及其邻近地区地壳结构与构造特征.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1451-1458.Wang S J,Zhang X K,Fang S M,et al.Crustal structureand its features in the northwest margin of Bohai bay andadjacent areas.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1451-1458.
[28]段永红,张先康,方盛明.华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像.地球物理学报,2002,45(3):362-369.Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Fang S M.Three-dimensional finite-difference tomography of velocity structure of the upper crustin North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(3):362-369.
[29]Mallet J L.Discrete smooth interpolation in geometricmodelling.Computer-Aided Design,1992,24(4):178-191.
[2]潘佳铁,吴庆举,李永华等.华北地区瑞雷面波相速度层析成像.地球物理学报,2011,54(1):67-76.Pan J T,Wu Q J,Li Y H,et al.Rayleigh wave tomographyof the phase velocity in North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(1):67-76.
[3]Wang W,Wu J,Fang L.High resolution Rayleigh wavephase velocity tomography in northern North China.Geophys.J.Int.,2012,189:647-658.
[4]任清芳,张成科,张先康等.八达岭及周缘地区壳幔结构与潜在震源探讨.西北地震学报,1997,19(3):56-62.Ren Q F,Zhang C K,Zhang X K,et al.Discussion onstructure of crust and upper mantle and potential focal regionin Badaling and its neighborhood.Northwestern SeismologicalJournal(in Chinese),1997,19(3):56-62.
[5]张成科,张先康,盖玉杰等.文安—蔚县—察右中旗剖面地壳上地幔速度结构与构造研究.华北地震科学,1997,15(3):18-28.Zhang C K,Zhang X K,Gai Y J,et al.A study of crust andupper mantle structure on Wen′an-Yuxian-Qaharyouyizhongqiprofile.North China Earthquake Sciences(in Chinese),1997,15(3):18-28.
[6]赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.香河—北京—涿鹿及其相邻地区壳幔构造与速度结构特征.地震地质,1999,21(1):29-36.Zhao J R,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.The crust-mantletectonics and velocity structure characteristics in Xianghe-Beijing-Zhulu and its adjacent areas.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1999,21(1):29-36.
[7]赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.利用宽角反射/折射和深反射探测剖面揭示三河—平谷大震区深部结构特征.地球物理学报,2004,47(4):646-653.Zhao J R,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.Deep structuralfeatures of the Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake area imaged by wide-angle and deep seismic reflection profiling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(4):646-653.
[8]嘉世旭,张成科,赵金仁等.华北东北部裂陷盆地与燕山隆起地壳结构.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):99-110.Jia S X,Zhang C K,Zhao J R,et al.Crustal structure of therift-depression basin and Yanshan uplift in the northeast partof North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):99-110.
[9]高孟潭,俞言祥,张晓梅等.北京地区地震动的三维有限差分模拟.中国地震,2002,18(4):356-364.Gao M T,Yu Y X,Zhang X M,et al.Three dimensionalfinite difference simulations of ground motions in the Beijingarea.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),2002,18(4):356-364.
[10]Ding Z,Romanelli F,Chen Y T,et al.Realistic modeling ofseismic wave ground motion in Beijing city.Pure Appl.Geophys.,2004,161(5-6):1093-1106.
[11]Ding Z,Chen Y T,Panza G F.Estimation of site effects inBeijing city.Pure Appl.Geophys.,2004,161(5-6):1107-1123.
[12]潘波,许建东,关口春子等.北京地区近断层强地震动模拟.地震地质,2006,28(4):623-634.Pan B,Xu J D,Haruko S,et al.Simulation of the near-faultstrong ground motion in Beijing region.Seismology andGeology(in Chinese),2006,28(4):623-634.
[13]周红,陈晓非.张北地震在北京市激发的二维强地面运动的模拟.地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1355-1366.Zhou H,Chen X F.Simulation of strong ground motion inBeijing city due to the Zhangbei earthquake.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(5):1355-1366.
[14]刘启方,李雪强.唐山大地震近场宽频带地震动模拟.地震工程与工程振动,2011,31(5):1-7.Liu Q F,Li X Q.Broad-band strong motion simulation of thegreat Tangshan earthquake.Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration(in Chinese),2011,31(5):1-7.
[15]王彦滨.盆地强震地面运动的预测.防灾博览,2003,(6):5-6.Wang Y B.The prediction of strong ground motion in basin.Overview of Disaster Prevention(in Chinese),2003,(6):5-6.
[16]Magistrale H,McLaughlin K,Day S.A geology-based 3Dvelocity model of the Los Angeles basin.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,1996,86(4):1161-1166.
[17]Magistrale H,Graves R,Clayton R.A standard three-dimensional seismic velocity model for southern California:Version 1,EOS Trans.AGU,1998,79:F605.
[18]Magistrale H,Day S,Clayton R W,et al.The SCECSouthern California Reference Three-Dimensional SeismicVelocity Model Version 2.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,2000,90(6B):S65-S76.
[19]Kohler M D,Magistrale H,Clayton R W.Mantleheterogeneities and the SCEC reference three-dimensionalseismic velocity model Version 3.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,2003,93(2):757-774.
[20]Komatitsch D,Liu Q,Tromp J,et al.Simulations of groundmotion in the Los Angeles basin based upon the spectral-element method.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,2004,94(1):187-206.
[21]Lovely P,Shaw J H,Liu Q,et al.A structural VPmodel ofthe Salton Trough,California,and its implications forseismic hazard.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,2006,96(5):1882-1896.
[22]Tape C,Liu Q,Maggi A,et al.Seismic tomography of thesouthern California crust based on spectral-element andadjoint methods.Geophys.J.Int.,2010,180(1):433-462.
[23]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.东营:石油大学出版社,1993.Lu J M.The Principle of Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,1993.
[24]赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.北京西北地区壳幔结构的非均匀性特征与地震活动.地震学报,2005,27(2):119-127.Zhao J R,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.The heterogeneouscharacteristics of crust-mantle structures and the seismicactivities in the northwest Beijing region.Acta SeismologicaSinica(in Chinese),2005,27(2):119-127.
[25]国家地震局《中国岩石圈动力学地图集》编委会.中国岩石圈动力学地图集.北京:中国地图出版社,1989.Editorial Board for Lithospheric Dynamics Atlas of China,State Seismological Bureau.Lithspheric Dynamics Atlas ofChina(in Chinese).Beijing:China Cartographic PublishingHouse,1989.
[26]祝治平,张先康,张建狮等.北京—怀来—丰镇剖面地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究.地震学报,1997,19(5):499-505.Zhu Z P,Zhang X K,Zhang J S,et al.Study of crust-mantletectonics and its velocity structure of Beijing-Huailai-Fengzhen profile.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1997,19(5):499-505.
[27]王帅军,张先康,方盛明等.渤海湾西北缘及其邻近地区地壳结构与构造特征.地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1451-1458.Wang S J,Zhang X K,Fang S M,et al.Crustal structureand its features in the northwest margin of Bohai bay andadjacent areas.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1451-1458.
[28]段永红,张先康,方盛明.华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像.地球物理学报,2002,45(3):362-369.Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Fang S M.Three-dimensional finite-difference tomography of velocity structure of the upper crustin North China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(3):362-369.
[29]Mallet J L.Discrete smooth interpolation in geometricmodelling.Computer-Aided Design,1992,24(4):178-191.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心