摩擦、滑动准则和原地应力测量
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摘要
利用双剪和三轴试验设备进行花岗岩和变质灰岩的摩擦试验。滑动面上的最大正应力大约是200MPa。试验结果表示花岗岩和变质灰岩光滑面之间的最大摩擦可以用τ=(0．27～0．77)σn来表示,τ为滑动面上的最大剪应力,σn为滑动面上的最大正应力。假如滑动面之间存在断层泥,则滑动总是稳定的,并且最大摩擦可用τ=0．66σn表示。假如已知断层面的应力状态和滑动准则,则可定量地估价断层的稳定性。
Experiments of frictional behavior of granite and calcitite have been carried out using the double shear and triaxial test eguipment. The maximum normal stress on the glide plane is about 200MPa. The experimental result shows that the maximum friction between smooth surfaces of granite and calcitite can be roughly expressed by (?)=(0.27-0.77)(?), where r is the maximum shear stress which the sliding surface can bear, and (?) is the normal stress on the sliding surface. If there is fault gouge between the sliding surfaces, the slide is always stable, and the maximum friction can be expressed by (?)=0.66(?) If the stress state at a fault surface and the sliding criteria of a fault were known, the stability of such fault could be estimated quantitatively.
Experiments of frictional behavior of granite and calcitite have been carried out using the double shear and triaxial test eguipment. The maximum normal stress on the glide plane is about 200MPa. The experimental result shows that the maximum friction between smooth surfaces of granite and calcitite can be roughly expressed by (?)=(0.27-0.77)(?), where r is the maximum shear stress which the sliding surface can bear, and (?) is the normal stress on the sliding surface. If there is fault gouge between the sliding surfaces, the slide is always stable, and the maximum friction can be expressed by (?)=0.66(?) If the stress state at a fault surface and the sliding criteria of a fault were known, the stability of such fault could be estimated quantitatively.
引文
[1]Zoback,M．D．,J．H．Healy,Friction,faulting and in-situ stress,Annales Geophysicae,Vol． 2．No．6,1984．
[2]张伯崇、马元春,岩石摩擦性状试验和断层滑动准则的讨论,见:国家地震局地壳应力研究所编, 地壳构造与地壳应力文集(1),北京:地震出版社,1987。
[3]黄河拉西瓦工程活动断层专题组,黄河上游龙羊峡峡谷区伊黑龙和拉西瓦断层活动性研究,见:国 家地震局地壳应力研究所编,地壳构造与地壳应力文集(5),北京:地震出版社,1991。
[2]张伯崇、马元春,岩石摩擦性状试验和断层滑动准则的讨论,见:国家地震局地壳应力研究所编, 地壳构造与地壳应力文集(1),北京:地震出版社,1987。
[3]黄河拉西瓦工程活动断层专题组,黄河上游龙羊峡峡谷区伊黑龙和拉西瓦断层活动性研究,见:国 家地震局地壳应力研究所编,地壳构造与地壳应力文集(5),北京:地震出版社,1991。
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