基于互四阶累积量一维切片的地震层位自动拾取方法
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摘要
为了解决强相干高斯色噪声干扰下地震层位无法正确拾取的问题,文中提出了一种基于互四阶累积量一维切片的地震层位自动拾取方法,阐述了该方法的基本原理和具体算法。该方法利用地震层位上横向波形的相似性以及互四阶累积量一维切片对高斯噪声不敏感的特点,实现了同相轴的时间延迟估计;同时对直接影响地震层位拾取精度的相关参数进行了设定。理论模型计算表明,该方法对相干高斯色噪声有很强的抑制能力,信噪比达到-10dB。实际资料应用结果与原始数据的地质层位吻合较好,断层、断点位置准确,其拾取精度不亚于人工方法的精度,而效率远远高于人工方法。
In order to solve the problem in which the seismic horizon can not correctly picked up under the strong coherent Gaussian colored noise,an automatic seismic horizon picking-up method based on one dimensional slice of cross fourth order cumulant was proposed in this paper.The basic principle and exact algorithm of the method were also elaborated in this paper.The similarity of the seismic horizon over the horizontal direction and the insensitivity of the cross fourth order cumulant to Gaussian colored noise were utilized in realizing the time delay estimation of the seismic events,meanwhile the relevant parameters which directly affect the picking-up accuracy of the seismic horizon were set.The calculation for the theoretical model shows that the method has very strong restraining ability for the coherent Gaussian colored noise and its signal to noise ratio reaches-10dB.The application effects of the field data match well with the geological horizons and the locations of the faults and the fault points were accurate.It is noticed that the picking-up accuracy of the method could replaces that of the manual method,however its efficiency is much higher than the manual method.
In order to solve the problem in which the seismic horizon can not correctly picked up under the strong coherent Gaussian colored noise,an automatic seismic horizon picking-up method based on one dimensional slice of cross fourth order cumulant was proposed in this paper.The basic principle and exact algorithm of the method were also elaborated in this paper.The similarity of the seismic horizon over the horizontal direction and the insensitivity of the cross fourth order cumulant to Gaussian colored noise were utilized in realizing the time delay estimation of the seismic events,meanwhile the relevant parameters which directly affect the picking-up accuracy of the seismic horizon were set.The calculation for the theoretical model shows that the method has very strong restraining ability for the coherent Gaussian colored noise and its signal to noise ratio reaches-10dB.The application effects of the field data match well with the geological horizons and the locations of the faults and the fault points were accurate.It is noticed that the picking-up accuracy of the method could replaces that of the manual method,however its efficiency is much higher than the manual method.
引文
[1]Franklin Kemp,赵蓓蓓译.应用神经网络分支和边界值搜索法的地震层位追踪系统.地质科学译丛,1993,10(4):93~98Franklin Kemp,Zhao Pei-pei translated.The systemof seismic horizon tracking by neural networks branchand boundary value searching.Journal of GeoscienceTranslations,1993,10(4):93~98
[2]Huang Kou-Yuan,陈炳文译.用于地震层位拾取的Hopfield神经网络.美国勘探地球物理学家学会第67届年会论文集,1997Kou-Yuan Huang,Chen Bing-wen translated.Hopfieldneural networks to be used in extracting seismic horizon.Corpus of SEG67th annual meeting,1997
[3]孙奇政.基于人工神经网络方法的断层两侧地层层位追踪的研究[博士学位论文].中南大学,2007,22~25Sun Qi-zheng.The layer tracking of fault’s sidesbased on the artificial neural networks[D].CentralSouth University,2007,22~25
[4]董恩清,朱光明,吴文奎.应用模式识别自动追踪地震剖面同相轴.西安石油学院学报,1998,13(2):12~16Dong En-qing,Zhu Guang-ming,Wu Wen-kui.Appli-cation of pattern recognition to automatically trackingseismic profile events.Journal of Xi’an Shiyou Uni-versity(Natural Science Edition),1998,13(2):12~16
[5]许建华,王世库,赵廷寿.用链匹配算法自动拾取同相轴.石油物探,1990,29(2):13~23Xu Jian-hua,Wang Shi-ku,Zhao Ting-shou.Pickingup the events automatically by chain matching algo-rithm.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1990,29(2):13~23
[6]王一重,冯晅,王俊祥等.相干技术在构造形态自动识别中的应用.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,38(增刊):85~89Wang Yi-zhong,Feng Xuan,Wang Jun-xiang et al.An application of coherence technique in structuremodality automatic recognition.Journal of Jilin Uni-versity(Earth Science Edition),2008,38(Sup):85~89
[7]陈洁.超宽带雷达信号处理及成像方法研究[博士学位论文].中国科学院研究生院,2007,26~39Chen Jie.Research on signal processing and imagingof ultra-wideband radar[D].Beijing:The GraduateUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007,26~39
[8]程建远.三维地震资料微机解释性处理技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[9]戴永寿,郑德玲,魏磊,霍志勇.高阶统计量地震子波估计建模.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):514~518,540Dai Yong-shou,Zheng De-ling,Wei Lei,Huo Zhi-yong.Estimation of high-order statistic seismic wave-let.OGP,2006,41(5):514~518,540
[10]戴永寿,王俊岭,王伟伟等.基于高阶累积量ARMA模型线性非线性结合的地震子波提取方法研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1851~1859Dai Yong-shou,Wang Jun-ling,Wang Wei-wei et al.Seismic wavelet extraction via cumulant-based ARMAmodel approach with linear and nonlinear combina-tion.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1851~1859
[11]邱天爽,张旭秀,李小兵等.统计信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[12]尹成,熊晓军,张白林等.四阶累积量在剩余静校正中的应用研究.天然气工业,2004,24(12):48~50Yin Cheng,Xiong Xiao-jun,Zhang Bai-lin et al.Appli-cation of fourth-order cumulant in residual static cor-rection.Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(12):48~50
[13]熊晓军,尹成,张白林等.基于四阶互累积量的小断层自动识别方法.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(增刊):158~164Xiong Xiao-jun,Yin Cheng,Zhang Bai-lin et al.Amethod of automatic small faults identification basedon cross-fourth-order cumulants.OGP,2004,39(Sup):158~164
[14]赵清明,陈西宏,张敏.基于四阶累积量一维切片谱线增强方法.弹箭与制导学报,2004,24(3):236~238Zhao Qing-ming,Chen Xi-hong,Zhang Min.Basedone-dimensional slice of the hos variable step size a-daptive algorithm for line enhancement.Journal ofProjectiles Rockets Missiles and Guidance,2004,24(3):236~238
[15]柯宏发,陈永光,张哲峰.基于四阶累积量对角切片的短波自适应通信信号检测.电子学报,2006,34(3):419~423Ke Hong-fa,ChenYong-guang,Zhang Zhe-feng.HFadaptive radio communication signal detection basedon fourth-order cumulants diagonal slice.Acta Elec-tronica Sinica,2006,34(3):419~423
[16]Mendel J M.Tutorial on higher-order statistics in sig-nal processing and system theory.Theoretical Resultsand Some Applications Proc IEEE,79(3):278~305
[17]Chrysostomos L Nikias,Jerry M Mendel.Signalprocessing with higher-order spectra.IEEE TransSignal Processing,1993,10(3):10~37
[18]Tugnait J K.Time delay estimation with unknownspatially correlated Gaussian noise.IEEE Trans Sig-nal Processing,1993,41(2):549~558
[19]张贤达.时间序列分析——高阶统计量方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[20]覃天.多属性相干方法识别微小断层.工程地球物理学报,2008,5(5):538~542Qin Tian.Identification of minor fault based on multi-at-tribute seismic coherence technology.Chinese Journal ofEngineering Geophysics,2008,5(5):538~542
[21]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[2]Huang Kou-Yuan,陈炳文译.用于地震层位拾取的Hopfield神经网络.美国勘探地球物理学家学会第67届年会论文集,1997Kou-Yuan Huang,Chen Bing-wen translated.Hopfieldneural networks to be used in extracting seismic horizon.Corpus of SEG67th annual meeting,1997
[3]孙奇政.基于人工神经网络方法的断层两侧地层层位追踪的研究[博士学位论文].中南大学,2007,22~25Sun Qi-zheng.The layer tracking of fault’s sidesbased on the artificial neural networks[D].CentralSouth University,2007,22~25
[4]董恩清,朱光明,吴文奎.应用模式识别自动追踪地震剖面同相轴.西安石油学院学报,1998,13(2):12~16Dong En-qing,Zhu Guang-ming,Wu Wen-kui.Appli-cation of pattern recognition to automatically trackingseismic profile events.Journal of Xi’an Shiyou Uni-versity(Natural Science Edition),1998,13(2):12~16
[5]许建华,王世库,赵廷寿.用链匹配算法自动拾取同相轴.石油物探,1990,29(2):13~23Xu Jian-hua,Wang Shi-ku,Zhao Ting-shou.Pickingup the events automatically by chain matching algo-rithm.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1990,29(2):13~23
[6]王一重,冯晅,王俊祥等.相干技术在构造形态自动识别中的应用.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2008,38(增刊):85~89Wang Yi-zhong,Feng Xuan,Wang Jun-xiang et al.An application of coherence technique in structuremodality automatic recognition.Journal of Jilin Uni-versity(Earth Science Edition),2008,38(Sup):85~89
[7]陈洁.超宽带雷达信号处理及成像方法研究[博士学位论文].中国科学院研究生院,2007,26~39Chen Jie.Research on signal processing and imagingof ultra-wideband radar[D].Beijing:The GraduateUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007,26~39
[8]程建远.三维地震资料微机解释性处理技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[9]戴永寿,郑德玲,魏磊,霍志勇.高阶统计量地震子波估计建模.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(5):514~518,540Dai Yong-shou,Zheng De-ling,Wei Lei,Huo Zhi-yong.Estimation of high-order statistic seismic wave-let.OGP,2006,41(5):514~518,540
[10]戴永寿,王俊岭,王伟伟等.基于高阶累积量ARMA模型线性非线性结合的地震子波提取方法研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1851~1859Dai Yong-shou,Wang Jun-ling,Wang Wei-wei et al.Seismic wavelet extraction via cumulant-based ARMAmodel approach with linear and nonlinear combina-tion.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1851~1859
[11]邱天爽,张旭秀,李小兵等.统计信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[12]尹成,熊晓军,张白林等.四阶累积量在剩余静校正中的应用研究.天然气工业,2004,24(12):48~50Yin Cheng,Xiong Xiao-jun,Zhang Bai-lin et al.Appli-cation of fourth-order cumulant in residual static cor-rection.Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(12):48~50
[13]熊晓军,尹成,张白林等.基于四阶互累积量的小断层自动识别方法.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(增刊):158~164Xiong Xiao-jun,Yin Cheng,Zhang Bai-lin et al.Amethod of automatic small faults identification basedon cross-fourth-order cumulants.OGP,2004,39(Sup):158~164
[14]赵清明,陈西宏,张敏.基于四阶累积量一维切片谱线增强方法.弹箭与制导学报,2004,24(3):236~238Zhao Qing-ming,Chen Xi-hong,Zhang Min.Basedone-dimensional slice of the hos variable step size a-daptive algorithm for line enhancement.Journal ofProjectiles Rockets Missiles and Guidance,2004,24(3):236~238
[15]柯宏发,陈永光,张哲峰.基于四阶累积量对角切片的短波自适应通信信号检测.电子学报,2006,34(3):419~423Ke Hong-fa,ChenYong-guang,Zhang Zhe-feng.HFadaptive radio communication signal detection basedon fourth-order cumulants diagonal slice.Acta Elec-tronica Sinica,2006,34(3):419~423
[16]Mendel J M.Tutorial on higher-order statistics in sig-nal processing and system theory.Theoretical Resultsand Some Applications Proc IEEE,79(3):278~305
[17]Chrysostomos L Nikias,Jerry M Mendel.Signalprocessing with higher-order spectra.IEEE TransSignal Processing,1993,10(3):10~37
[18]Tugnait J K.Time delay estimation with unknownspatially correlated Gaussian noise.IEEE Trans Sig-nal Processing,1993,41(2):549~558
[19]张贤达.时间序列分析——高阶统计量方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[20]覃天.多属性相干方法识别微小断层.工程地球物理学报,2008,5(5):538~542Qin Tian.Identification of minor fault based on multi-at-tribute seismic coherence technology.Chinese Journal ofEngineering Geophysics,2008,5(5):538~542
[21]陆基孟.地震勘探原理.北京:石油工业出版社,2001
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