柴达木盆地北缘走滑断层地震剖面解释及形成机理分析
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摘要
柴达木盆地位于青藏高原的北部,研究区处于阿尔金山构造带与南祁连构造带所夹持的钝角一侧。目前对柴北缘地区构造样式存在两种认识:一是逆冲推覆双层构造模式,一是走滑近花状构造模式。造成这种认识差异的主要原因也有两个:一是区域上构造类比引起;二是穿过柴北缘几大构造带的地震剖面信噪比较差,不能很好反映地层的展布。因此在对冷湖构造带深部构造圈闭变形特征及形成期等方面存在认识上的差异,以至于勘探评价不够客观。作者通过地震剖面、遥感图像解译及井下资料,对柴北缘冷湖构造带的走滑变形特征进行了系统分析,证明柴北缘冷湖构造带发育隐形高角度走滑断裂带,文中对多条穿过构造带剖面的走滑构造样式进行了解释。结合区域背景资料和地层展布特征,分析了走滑断裂活动的动力学特征,并得出柴北缘地区的走滑断裂具有反转构造变形特征的结论。
Located in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the Cenozoic Qaidam Basin owes its development to the formation of the plateau,and the complex structures at different sites play an important role in the formation of various interpretations.There are two different opinions concerning the structural styles in northern Qaidam Basin:one is the opinion of overthrust faults which has been somehow overwhelming for many years,and the other is the opinion of strike-slip faults developed in recent years,which however has not been accepted by many researchers.There are two main reasons responsible for such an situation,i.e.,regional geological analogy and poor seismic data over the structural belts.Some geologists compare northern boundary tectonics of the Qaidam Basin with southern margin of the Jiuquan Basin located north of the Qilian Mountain.In addition,the seismic data over faulted belts of the Qaidam Basin are usually very insufficient for interpretation.So different well designers have different inclinations in the choice and evaluation of structural traps for drilling.Based on seismic and remote sensing data,the authors interpreted the Lenghu strike-slip fault belt as dextral displacement.However,there existed an inversion of early extensional strike slip in Paleogene period,and the inverted strike slip deformation controlled secondary accumulation of strike slip faults belts.
Located in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the Cenozoic Qaidam Basin owes its development to the formation of the plateau,and the complex structures at different sites play an important role in the formation of various interpretations.There are two different opinions concerning the structural styles in northern Qaidam Basin:one is the opinion of overthrust faults which has been somehow overwhelming for many years,and the other is the opinion of strike-slip faults developed in recent years,which however has not been accepted by many researchers.There are two main reasons responsible for such an situation,i.e.,regional geological analogy and poor seismic data over the structural belts.Some geologists compare northern boundary tectonics of the Qaidam Basin with southern margin of the Jiuquan Basin located north of the Qilian Mountain.In addition,the seismic data over faulted belts of the Qaidam Basin are usually very insufficient for interpretation.So different well designers have different inclinations in the choice and evaluation of structural traps for drilling.Based on seismic and remote sensing data,the authors interpreted the Lenghu strike-slip fault belt as dextral displacement.However,there existed an inversion of early extensional strike slip in Paleogene period,and the inverted strike slip deformation controlled secondary accumulation of strike slip faults belts.
引文
黄汉纯,周显强,王长利.1989.柴达木盆地构造演化与石油富集规律[J].地质论评,35(4):314-323.
雷振宇,杜社宽,张朝军.2004.中亚地区与中国西部盆地类比及其油气勘探潜力[J].地球学报,25(1):67-72.
李海兵,杨经绥,史仁灯,吴才来,TAPPONNIER P,万渝生,张建新,孟繁聪.2002.阿尔金走滑断陷盆地的确定及其与山脉的关系[J].科学通报,47(1):63-67.
李朋武,崔军文,高锐,李莉.2001.柴达木地块新生代古地磁新数据及其构造意义[J].地球学报,22(6):563-568.
刘永江,葛肖虹,叶慧文,刘俊来,FRANZ N,GENSER J,潘宏勋,任收麦.2001.晚中生代以来阿尔金断裂的走滑模式[J].地球学报,22(1):23-28.
门相勇,赵文智,余辉龙.2001.柴达木盆地北缘冷湖地区油气成藏条件研究与勘探建议[J].石油勘探与开发,28(4):4-7.
穆剑,汪立群.1999.论柴达木盆地冷湖—南八仙构造带的含油气远景[J].石油学报,20(2):18-22.
王桂宏,谭彦虎,陈新领,马立协,苏爱国,张水昌,张斌.2006a.柴达木盆地构造演化与油气勘探领域[J].中国石油勘探,12(1):80-84.
王桂宏,徐凤银,陈新领,马达德,马立协,苏爱国,周苏平.2006b.柴北缘地区走滑反转构造及其深部地质因素分析[J].石油勘探与开发,33(2):201-204.
魏国齐,李本亮,肖安成,陈汉林,杨树锋.2005.柴达木盆地北缘走滑一冲断构造特征及其油气勘探思路[J].地学前缘,12(4):397-402.
许志琴,杨经绥,姜枚.2001.青藏高原北部的碰撞造山及深部动力学—中法地学合作研究新进展[J].地球学报,22(1):5-10.
BARNES P M,AUDRU J C.1999.Recognition of active strike-slip faulting from high-resolution marine seicmic reflection profiles:Eastern Marlborough fault system,New Zealand[J].GSA(Geo-logical Society of American Bulletin),111(4):538-559.
HUANG Han-chun,ZHOU Xian-qiang,WANG Chang-li.1989.Tectonic Evolution of the Qaidam Basin and the Regularity of Oil Accumulation[J].Acta Geoscience Sinica,35(4):314-323(in Chinese with English abstract).
LEI Zhen-yu,DU She-kuan,ZHANG Chao-jun.2004.A Comparison of the Basins in Western China with those in Central Asia and the Oil-Gas Exploration Potential of Western China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,25(1):67-72(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Hai-bing,YANG Jing-sui,SHI Ren-deng,WU Cai-lai,TAPPONNIER P,WAN Yu-sheng,ZHANG Jian-xin,MENG Fan-cong.2002.Identifing strike slip faulted basin and the relationship with the mountains[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,47(1):63-67(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Peng-wu,CUI Jun-wen,GAO Rui,LI Li.2001.New cenozoic paleonmgnetie data from Qaidam massif and their tectonic implication[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,22(6):563-568(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIU Yong-jiang,GE Xiao-hong,YE Hui-wen,LIU Jun-lai,FRANZZ N,GENSER J,PAN Hong-xun,REN Shou-mai.2001.Strike-Slip Model for Altyn Tagh Fault Developed since Late Mesozoic[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,22(1):23-28(inChinese with English abstract).
MEN Xiang-yong,ZHAO Wen-zhi,YU Hui-long.2001.Petroleum accumulation and exploration propositions of Lenghu area in northern Qaidam basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,28(4):4-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
MOLNAR P,TAPPONNIER P.1975.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects of continental collision[J].Science,189:419-426.
MU Jian,WANG Li-qun.1999.Petroleum Prospect of Len-ghu-Nanbaxian belt in Qaidam basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,20(2):18-22(in Chinese).
WANG Gui-hong,TAN Yan-hu,CHEN Xin-ling,MA Li-xie,SU Ai-guo,ZHANG Shui-chang,ZHANG Bin.2006a.Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution and Oil/gas Exploration Field in Qaidam Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,11(1):80-84(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Gui-hong,XU Feng-yin,CHEN Xin-ling,MA Da-de,MA Li-xie,SU Ai-guo,ZHOU Su-ping.2006b.Strike slip faults reversion and deep geologic setting in north Qaidam Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,33(2):201-204(in Chinese with English abstract).
WEI Guo-qi,LI Ben-liang,XIAO An-cheng,CHEN Han-Lin,YANG Shu-feng.2005.Strike-thrust structures and petroleum exploration in northern Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Fron-tiers,12(4):397-402(in Chinese with English abstract).
XU Zhi-qin,YANG Jing-sui,JIANG Mei.2001.Collision-Orogeny of the Northern Qinghai-Tibet Platea[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,22(1):5-10(in Chinese with English abstract).
雷振宇,杜社宽,张朝军.2004.中亚地区与中国西部盆地类比及其油气勘探潜力[J].地球学报,25(1):67-72.
李海兵,杨经绥,史仁灯,吴才来,TAPPONNIER P,万渝生,张建新,孟繁聪.2002.阿尔金走滑断陷盆地的确定及其与山脉的关系[J].科学通报,47(1):63-67.
李朋武,崔军文,高锐,李莉.2001.柴达木地块新生代古地磁新数据及其构造意义[J].地球学报,22(6):563-568.
刘永江,葛肖虹,叶慧文,刘俊来,FRANZ N,GENSER J,潘宏勋,任收麦.2001.晚中生代以来阿尔金断裂的走滑模式[J].地球学报,22(1):23-28.
门相勇,赵文智,余辉龙.2001.柴达木盆地北缘冷湖地区油气成藏条件研究与勘探建议[J].石油勘探与开发,28(4):4-7.
穆剑,汪立群.1999.论柴达木盆地冷湖—南八仙构造带的含油气远景[J].石油学报,20(2):18-22.
王桂宏,谭彦虎,陈新领,马立协,苏爱国,张水昌,张斌.2006a.柴达木盆地构造演化与油气勘探领域[J].中国石油勘探,12(1):80-84.
王桂宏,徐凤银,陈新领,马达德,马立协,苏爱国,周苏平.2006b.柴北缘地区走滑反转构造及其深部地质因素分析[J].石油勘探与开发,33(2):201-204.
魏国齐,李本亮,肖安成,陈汉林,杨树锋.2005.柴达木盆地北缘走滑一冲断构造特征及其油气勘探思路[J].地学前缘,12(4):397-402.
许志琴,杨经绥,姜枚.2001.青藏高原北部的碰撞造山及深部动力学—中法地学合作研究新进展[J].地球学报,22(1):5-10.
BARNES P M,AUDRU J C.1999.Recognition of active strike-slip faulting from high-resolution marine seicmic reflection profiles:Eastern Marlborough fault system,New Zealand[J].GSA(Geo-logical Society of American Bulletin),111(4):538-559.
HUANG Han-chun,ZHOU Xian-qiang,WANG Chang-li.1989.Tectonic Evolution of the Qaidam Basin and the Regularity of Oil Accumulation[J].Acta Geoscience Sinica,35(4):314-323(in Chinese with English abstract).
LEI Zhen-yu,DU She-kuan,ZHANG Chao-jun.2004.A Comparison of the Basins in Western China with those in Central Asia and the Oil-Gas Exploration Potential of Western China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,25(1):67-72(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Hai-bing,YANG Jing-sui,SHI Ren-deng,WU Cai-lai,TAPPONNIER P,WAN Yu-sheng,ZHANG Jian-xin,MENG Fan-cong.2002.Identifing strike slip faulted basin and the relationship with the mountains[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,47(1):63-67(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Peng-wu,CUI Jun-wen,GAO Rui,LI Li.2001.New cenozoic paleonmgnetie data from Qaidam massif and their tectonic implication[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,22(6):563-568(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIU Yong-jiang,GE Xiao-hong,YE Hui-wen,LIU Jun-lai,FRANZZ N,GENSER J,PAN Hong-xun,REN Shou-mai.2001.Strike-Slip Model for Altyn Tagh Fault Developed since Late Mesozoic[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,22(1):23-28(inChinese with English abstract).
MEN Xiang-yong,ZHAO Wen-zhi,YU Hui-long.2001.Petroleum accumulation and exploration propositions of Lenghu area in northern Qaidam basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,28(4):4-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
MOLNAR P,TAPPONNIER P.1975.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects of continental collision[J].Science,189:419-426.
MU Jian,WANG Li-qun.1999.Petroleum Prospect of Len-ghu-Nanbaxian belt in Qaidam basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,20(2):18-22(in Chinese).
WANG Gui-hong,TAN Yan-hu,CHEN Xin-ling,MA Li-xie,SU Ai-guo,ZHANG Shui-chang,ZHANG Bin.2006a.Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution and Oil/gas Exploration Field in Qaidam Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,11(1):80-84(in Chinese with English abstract).
WANG Gui-hong,XU Feng-yin,CHEN Xin-ling,MA Da-de,MA Li-xie,SU Ai-guo,ZHOU Su-ping.2006b.Strike slip faults reversion and deep geologic setting in north Qaidam Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,33(2):201-204(in Chinese with English abstract).
WEI Guo-qi,LI Ben-liang,XIAO An-cheng,CHEN Han-Lin,YANG Shu-feng.2005.Strike-thrust structures and petroleum exploration in northern Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science Fron-tiers,12(4):397-402(in Chinese with English abstract).
XU Zhi-qin,YANG Jing-sui,JIANG Mei.2001.Collision-Orogeny of the Northern Qinghai-Tibet Platea[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,22(1):5-10(in Chinese with English abstract).
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