不同相变温度CuZnAl形状记忆合金的框架结构振动控制试验研究
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摘要
采用电子式万能实验机测出相变点Ms为120℃、50℃和 10℃的三种CuZnAl形状记忆合金,经不同热处理工艺试验后的试验力 变形曲线。结果表明,常温下为马氏体状态的CuZnAl合金,相变点低的比相变点高的滞回曲线所包围的面积稍大,常温下为马氏体状态的CuZnAl合金,比超弹性状态的CuZnAl合金的滞回曲线所包围的面积大的多。滞回曲线所包围的面积越大减振效果越好。油淬、水淬和分级淬的CuZnAl合金具有较稳定的形状记忆效应,具有较好的超塑性和伪弹性。热处理工艺从油淬、水淬、分级淬的顺序,时效时间无论是1h还是5h,无论是小应变还是大应变,也无论是激振频率高低,η值逐渐减小。用动态数据采集分析仪对安装在两层框架结构模型上的CuZnAl形状记忆合金耗能器进行了振动控制试验和分析。结果表明,使用CuZnAl形状记忆合金耗能器后,框架结构的振动衰减比未安装CuZnAl形状记忆合金耗能器时快得多,衰减时间仅为未安装CuZnAl形状记忆合金耗能器的十分之一。常温下,马氏体状态的耗能器需要快速加热和冷却,而超弹性状态的耗能器则不用,这是常温下超弹性状态的CuZnAl耗能器的一大优点。
The testing force and deformation curves of CuZnAl shape memory alloys(SMA) are measured out by the electronic universal testing machine. Three kinds of CuZnAl SMA treated by different heat treatment processes are concerned. Their phase tansformation temperature(Ms) is 120℃,150℃ and 10℃respectively.It shows: to the CuZnAl SMA in martensitic state under constant temperature, the area encircled by the hysteresis curve of the alloy of lower Ms is a bit larger than that of the higher. And the hysteresis area of the SMA in martensitic state is much larger than that of SMA in austenitic state. As we all know, the larger area hysteresis curve encircles, the better the effect of vibration attenuation is. CuZnAl alloys treated by waterquenching, oilquenching and marquenching have more steady shape memory effect, have better superplasticity and pseudoelasticity. Regardless of aging time, strain and exciting frequency, the number of η is reduced gradually in the order of the alloys treated by oilquenching, waterquenching and marquenching. Vibration experiment data of a 2story frame, on which CuZnAl dampers are fixed, are tested and analyzed by the dynamic data collecting analytical instrument. It is found that vibration damping of the frame with SMA dampers is quicker than that of the frame without SMA dampers and its attenuation time is only one tenth of that of the frame without SMA dampers. The damper of SMA in martensitic state under constant temperature needs rapid heating and cooling while the damper of SMA in austenitic state under constant temperature does not, which is the great advantage of the latter.
The testing force and deformation curves of CuZnAl shape memory alloys(SMA) are measured out by the electronic universal testing machine. Three kinds of CuZnAl SMA treated by different heat treatment processes are concerned. Their phase tansformation temperature(Ms) is 120℃,150℃ and 10℃respectively.It shows: to the CuZnAl SMA in martensitic state under constant temperature, the area encircled by the hysteresis curve of the alloy of lower Ms is a bit larger than that of the higher. And the hysteresis area of the SMA in martensitic state is much larger than that of SMA in austenitic state. As we all know, the larger area hysteresis curve encircles, the better the effect of vibration attenuation is. CuZnAl alloys treated by waterquenching, oilquenching and marquenching have more steady shape memory effect, have better superplasticity and pseudoelasticity. Regardless of aging time, strain and exciting frequency, the number of η is reduced gradually in the order of the alloys treated by oilquenching, waterquenching and marquenching. Vibration experiment data of a 2story frame, on which CuZnAl dampers are fixed, are tested and analyzed by the dynamic data collecting analytical instrument. It is found that vibration damping of the frame with SMA dampers is quicker than that of the frame without SMA dampers and its attenuation time is only one tenth of that of the frame without SMA dampers. The damper of SMA in martensitic state under constant temperature needs rapid heating and cooling while the damper of SMA in austenitic state under constant temperature does not, which is the great advantage of the latter.
引文
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〔11〕 SINai chao.CuZnAlshapememoryalloyrefinedwithcompositerareearthsLa+Ce〔J〕.JournalofRareEarths,1999,17(4):275～279
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〔13〕 吴波,孙科学,李惠,唐卫胜.热处理对形状记忆合金超弹滞回性能的影响〔J〕.振动工程学报,2000,13(3):449～454
〔14〕 GraesserEJ,CozzarelliFA.Shape memoryalloysasnewmaterialsforaseismicisolation〔J〕.JournalofEngineeringMechanics,1991.117(1):2590～2608.
〔2〕 AttanasioM,FaravelliL,MarioniA.ExploitingSMAbarsinenergydissipators〔A〕.Proceedingofthe2ndInternationalWorkshoponStructuralControl〔C〕.HongKong:1996 12.40～50
〔3〕 AdachiY,UnjoyS.Experimentalstudyonseismicresponsecontrolofbridgebydamperdevicesusingshapememoryalloys〔A〕.Proceedingsofthe2ndWorldConferenceonStructuralControl〔C〕.Kyoto,Japan:1998.1861～1870
〔4〕 CasciatiF,FaravelliL,PetriniL.Energydissipationinshapememoryalloydevices〔J〕.ComputerAidedCivilandInfrastructureEngineering,1998,13:433～442
〔5〕 ChenQ,LevyC.Vibrationanalysisandcontrolofflexiblebeambyusingsmartdampingstructures〔J〕.CompositesPartB:Engineering,1999,30(4):395～406
〔6〕 DesRochesReginald.Seismicmitigationofbridgesusingsmartrestrainers〔A〕.ProceedingsofSPIE———TheInternationalSocietyforOpticalEngineeringProceedingsofthe1999SmartStructuresandMaterials SmartSystmsforBridges,Structures,andHighways〔C〕.Bellingham:SPIESocietyofPhoto OpticalInstrumentationEngineersBellingham,1999.11～20
〔7〕 瞿伟廉,李卓球,姜德生,等.智能材料 结构系统在土木工程中的应用〔J〕.地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(3):87～95
〔8〕 WolonsDavid,GandhiFarhan,MalovrhBrendon.Experimentalinvestigationofthepseudoelastichysteresisdampingcharacteristicsofshapememoryalloywires〔J〕.JofIntelligentMaterialSystemsandStructures,1998,9(2):116～126
〔9〕 PiedboeufMC,GauvinR.Dampingbehaviorofshapememoryalloy:strainamplitude,frequencyandtemperatureeffects〔J〕.JofSoundandVibration,1998,214(5):885～901
〔10〕 WilliamsKeith,ChiuGeorge,BernhardRobert.Passive adaptivevibrationabsorbersusingshapememoryalloy〔A〕.ProceedingsofSPIE—TheInternationalSocietyforOpticalEngineeringProceedingsofthe1999SmartStructuresandMaterials SmartStructuresandIntegratedSystems〔C〕.Bellingham:SPIESocietyofPhoto OpticalInstrumentationEngineers,1999.630～641
〔11〕 SINai chao.CuZnAlshapememoryalloyrefinedwithcompositerareearthsLa+Ce〔J〕.JournalofRareEarths,1999,17(4):275～279
〔12〕 司乃潮.CuZnAl(RE)形状记忆合金马氏体稳定化的研究〔J〕.材料研究学报,1999,(5):558～561
〔13〕 吴波,孙科学,李惠,唐卫胜.热处理对形状记忆合金超弹滞回性能的影响〔J〕.振动工程学报,2000,13(3):449～454
〔14〕 GraesserEJ,CozzarelliFA.Shape memoryalloysasnewmaterialsforaseismicisolation〔J〕.JournalofEngineeringMechanics,1991.117(1):2590～2608.
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