汶川地震生态环境破坏严重区地形高程和起伏度分布特点
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摘要
采用DEM数据对汶川地震严重灾区(11个县市)海拔高程和地形起伏度分布特点分析,海拔高度和地形起伏度总体上是西南高,东北低。海拔1500m以上区域面积占55.34%,其中海拔3000m以上区占19.67%。5km×5km单元地形起伏度>1000m的区域面积占23.92%。1km×1km单元地形起伏度>200m的区域面积占44.78%。灾区核心地段剖面海拔650～3500m,800～2000m地段占全线段73.74%。对剖面线1km单元段起伏度分析结果表明,南段起伏度大于北段,南段>300m地段占39.07%,北段>300m地段占17.97%。地震导致生态环境受损严重的地方主要分布在西南部。西南部既是地震震中区域,又是高海拔-高起伏度区域,有一定的重合。西南部区域生态系统破坏面积占总破坏面积的87.25%,新增水土流失面积占新增总面积的68.06%。汶川地震灾区生态环境遭受严重破坏因果关系链是:强烈地震+断层效应+地形因素等→地质灾害→植被和生态系统受损→生态功能受损。
Based on the DEM data, the relief amplitudes of the severest disaster areas of Wenchuan earthquake(including 11 counties) are analyzed.The results show that the southwest is higher than northeast in the area.The regions where the elevation is more than 1 500 m account for 55.34% of the total area, and those with the elevation of more than 3 000 m account for 19.67% .The regions where the elevation is less than 800 m are mainly in the south, and account for 18.59%.The acreage of the region where the relief amplitude within 5 km×5 km grid size is greater than 1 000 m accounts for 23.92% .The acreage of the region where the reliefamplitude within 1 km ×1 km grid size is greater than 200 m accounts for 44.78% .The elevation of the core disaster area(between the epicentrums of Mw8.0 earthquake and Mw6.4 aftershock) ranges between 650 m and 3500 m.And among this area, the regions where elevation is more than 800 m and less than 2 000 m account for 73.34% of the area.The regions with high elevation and relief amplitude are mainly in the west of the area.The results of analyzing the relief amplitude within 1 km grid size show that the relief amplitude in the south is higher than in the north, and the regions where the elevation is more than 300 m account for 39.07% in the south area and 17.97% in the north area, respectively.The regions where the eco-environment is seriously damaged by the earthquake are mainly in the southwest.The southwest is the center of the earthquake and is also the region with high elevation and relief amplitude, which indicates that there may be some relationship between the damage degree of eco-environment caused by earthquake and the relief amplitude in the area.The acreage of damaged eco-system in the southwest where the relief amplitude is higher accounts for 87.25% of the area, and the acreage of new soil erosion accounts for 68.06%.The chain of causation of the seriously damaged eco-environment in the disaster areas could be described as:strong earthquake + fault slipping + topography →Geological disasters →damaged vegetation and eco-system→damaged ecological functions.
Based on the DEM data, the relief amplitudes of the severest disaster areas of Wenchuan earthquake(including 11 counties) are analyzed.The results show that the southwest is higher than northeast in the area.The regions where the elevation is more than 1 500 m account for 55.34% of the total area, and those with the elevation of more than 3 000 m account for 19.67% .The regions where the elevation is less than 800 m are mainly in the south, and account for 18.59%.The acreage of the region where the relief amplitude within 5 km×5 km grid size is greater than 1 000 m accounts for 23.92% .The acreage of the region where the reliefamplitude within 1 km ×1 km grid size is greater than 200 m accounts for 44.78% .The elevation of the core disaster area(between the epicentrums of Mw8.0 earthquake and Mw6.4 aftershock) ranges between 650 m and 3500 m.And among this area, the regions where elevation is more than 800 m and less than 2 000 m account for 73.34% of the area.The regions with high elevation and relief amplitude are mainly in the west of the area.The results of analyzing the relief amplitude within 1 km grid size show that the relief amplitude in the south is higher than in the north, and the regions where the elevation is more than 300 m account for 39.07% in the south area and 17.97% in the north area, respectively.The regions where the eco-environment is seriously damaged by the earthquake are mainly in the southwest.The southwest is the center of the earthquake and is also the region with high elevation and relief amplitude, which indicates that there may be some relationship between the damage degree of eco-environment caused by earthquake and the relief amplitude in the area.The acreage of damaged eco-system in the southwest where the relief amplitude is higher accounts for 87.25% of the area, and the acreage of new soil erosion accounts for 68.06%.The chain of causation of the seriously damaged eco-environment in the disaster areas could be described as:strong earthquake + fault slipping + topography →Geological disasters →damaged vegetation and eco-system→damaged ecological functions.
引文
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[16]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19-28.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):19-28.
[17]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报.2008,14(2):109-116.Zhang Yongshuang,Lei Weizhi,Shi Jusong,et al.Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109-116.
[18]张文,周立江,潘发明,等.利用CBERS进行汶川地震区森林资源损失快速评估[J].山地学报.2008,26(6):748-754.Zhang Wen,Zhou Lijiang,Pan Faming,et al.Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(6):748-754.
[2]李勇,黄润秋,周荣军,等.龙门山地震带的地质背景与汶川地震的地表破裂[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):3-18.Li Yong,Huang Runqiu,Zhou Rongjun,et al.Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):3-18.
[3]李海兵,付小方,van der Woerd J,等.汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1623-1643.Li Haibing,Fu Xiaofang,van der Woerd J,et al.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(12):1623-1643.
[4]王文杰,潘英姿,徐卫华,等.四川汶川地震对生态系统破坏及其生态影响分析[J].环境科学研究,2008,21(5):110-116.Wang Wenjie,Pan Yingzi,Xu Weihua,et al.Research of Environmental Sciences,2008,21(5):110-116.
[5]欧阳志云,徐卫华,王学志,等.汶川大地震对生态系统的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):5801-5809.Ouyang Zhiyun,Xu Weihua,Wang Xuezhi,et al.Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,28(12):5801-5809.
[6]包维楷,庞学勇.四川汶川大地震重灾区灾后生态退化及其基本特点[J].应用与环境生物学报,2008,14(4):441-444.Bao Weikai,Pang Xueyong.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2008,14(4):441-444.
[7]祁生文,许强,刘春玲,等.汶川地震极重灾区地质背景及次生斜坡灾害空间发育规律[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):39-49.Qi Shengwen,Xu Qiang,Liu Chunling,et al.Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):39-49.
[8]谢洪,王士革,孔纪名.“5.12”汶川地震次生山地灾害的分布与特点[J].山地学报,2008,26(4):396-401.Xie Hong,Wang Shige,Kong Jiming.Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(4):396-401.
[9]王秋良,薛宏交,杨强,等.北川地区地震灾害的地形因子分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(6):68-72.Wang Qiuliang,Xue Hongjiao,Yang Qiang,et al.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,28(6):68-72.
[10]刘新华,杨勤科,汤国安.中国地形起伏度的提取及在水土流失定量评价中的应用[J].水土保持通报,2001,21(1):57-62.Liu Xinhua,Yang Qinke,Tang Guo'an.Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,21(1):57-62.
[11]郭芳芳,杨农,孟晖,等.地形起伏度和坡度分析在区域滑坡灾害评价中的应用[J].中国地质,2008,35(1):131-143.Guo Fangfang,Yang Nong,Meng Hui,et al.Geology in China,2008,35(1):131-143.
[12]陈正位,申旭辉,曹忠权,等.基于数字高程模型对亚东-谷露构造带第四纪活动习性的研究[J].地震,2004,24(增刊):40-46.Chen Zhengwei,Shen Xuhui,Cao Zhongquan,et al.Earthquake,2004,24(Suppl):40-46.
[13]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29-38.Yin Yueping.Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):29-38.
[14]崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].科技赈灾,2008,23(4):317-323.Cui Peng,Wei Fangqiang,Chen Xiaoqing,et al.S&T for Disaster Relief,2008,23(4):317-323.
[15]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444.Yin Yueping.Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):433-444.
[16]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19-28.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):19-28.
[17]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报.2008,14(2):109-116.Zhang Yongshuang,Lei Weizhi,Shi Jusong,et al.Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109-116.
[18]张文,周立江,潘发明,等.利用CBERS进行汶川地震区森林资源损失快速评估[J].山地学报.2008,26(6):748-754.Zhang Wen,Zhou Lijiang,Pan Faming,et al.Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(6):748-754.
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