地震沉积学——地震解释的新思路及沉积研究的新工具
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摘要
地震沉积学是继地震地层学和层序地层学之后出现的一门新兴学科。地震沉积学利用地震振幅信息和属性分析技术研究沉积岩石学、古地貌学、沉积结构以及沉积演化历史等。地震沉积学充分利用了三维地震数据的横向分辨力,其关键技术是层序地层框架的建立和地层切片体(等时地质切片)的生成。结合地震地层学、层序地层学和地震沉积学的发展历程对地震沉积学的现状和趋势进行了探讨,认为90°相位转换和分频解释仅仅是地震沉积学研究的技术手段,而不是其关键技术;对于地震同相轴的穿时性问题,也仅存在于3级或4级层中,并且这种穿时性与"沉积物体分配空间"和"相异作用"有关。
Seismic sedimentology is a new discipline emerged after seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy.Seismic sedimentology studies sedimentary petrology,palaeogeomorphology,depositional texture,and sedimentary evolution history via seismic amplitude and attribute analysis.Seismic sedimentology takes full advantage of the lateral resolution of 3-D seismic data,its key techniques includes the building of sequence stratigraphic framework and generation of stratal slice(isochronal geologic slice).Based on a review of the history of seismic stratigraphy,sequence stratigrapy,and seismic sedimentology,this paper discussed the status and future trend of the seismic sedimentology,and pointed out that 90° phase transformation and frequency division interpretation are just the two technical means rather than key techniques for seismic sedimentological studies.The diachronism of seismic lineups occurs only at the third-level or fourth-level sequences,and is related with sediment volume partitioning and facies differentiation.
Seismic sedimentology is a new discipline emerged after seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy.Seismic sedimentology studies sedimentary petrology,palaeogeomorphology,depositional texture,and sedimentary evolution history via seismic amplitude and attribute analysis.Seismic sedimentology takes full advantage of the lateral resolution of 3-D seismic data,its key techniques includes the building of sequence stratigraphic framework and generation of stratal slice(isochronal geologic slice).Based on a review of the history of seismic stratigraphy,sequence stratigrapy,and seismic sedimentology,this paper discussed the status and future trend of the seismic sedimentology,and pointed out that 90° phase transformation and frequency division interpretation are just the two technical means rather than key techniques for seismic sedimentological studies.The diachronism of seismic lineups occurs only at the third-level or fourth-level sequences,and is related with sediment volume partitioning and facies differentiation.
引文
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2Sloss L L.Stratigraphic models in exploration[J].AAPG Bulletin,1962,46(7):1050～1057
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8Cross T A,Lessenger M A.Sedi ment volume partitio-ning:rationale for stratigraphic model evaluation and high-resolution stratigraphic correlation[A]In:Grad-stein F M,Sandvik K O,Milton N J,Eds.Sequence stratigraphy,concepts and applications.Volumn8(Special Publication)[C][S.l.]:Norweigan Petroleum Sociely,1998:171～195
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11Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M,Barrow K T,et al.Stratal slicing,Part I:Realistic3-Dseismic model[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):502～513
12Zeng Hongliu,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing,Part II:Real3-D seismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514～521
13Zeng Hongliu,Hentz T F,Wood LJ.Stratal slicing of Miocene-Pliocene sedi ments in Vermilion Block50-Ti-ger Shoal area,offshore Louisiana[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(4):408～418
14Zeng Hongliu.Ambrose W A.Seismic sedi mentology and regional depositional systems in Mioceno Norte,Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(11):1260～1269
15魏嘉.地质建模技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(1):1～6
16Zeng Hongliu.Stratal slicing makes seismic i maging of depositional systems easier[EB/OL].http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2006/06036zeng_gc/i mages/zeng.pdf.
17Stark TJ.Unwrappinginstantaneous phase to generate a relative geologic ti me volume[J].Expanded Ab-stracts of73rdAnnual International SEG Meeting,2003,1707～1710
18Stark TJ.Relative geologic ti me(age)volumes—Re-lating every seismic sample to a geologically reasonable horizon[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(10):928～932
19Tingdahl K,de Groot P,Heggland R.Semi-automated object detectionin3D seismic data[EB/OL].http://www2.dgb-group.com/i mages/stories/PDF/offshore_2001_tingdahl_obj.pdf.
20de Groot P.How to create and use3D Wheeler trans-formed seismic volumes[J].Expanded Abstracts of76th Annual International SEG Meeting,2006,1038～1042
21de Bruin G,Bouanga E C.Ti me attributes of Strati-graphic surfaces,analyzedinthe structural and Wheel-er transformed domain[J].Extended Abstracts of69th EAEG Meeting,2007,E045
22魏嘉.定量地震解释离我们有多远[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(6):433～437
2Sloss L L.Stratigraphic models in exploration[J].AAPG Bulletin,1962,46(7):1050～1057
3Vail P R,Mitchum R MJr,Thompson S III.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level,Part3:relative changes of sea level from coastal onlap[J].AAPG Memoir1977,26:63～81
4Vail P R.Seismic stratigraphyinterpretation procedure[J].AAPG Studies in Geology,1987,1～10
5Vail P R,Wornardt W W.Well log-seismic stratigra-phy;anintegrated tool for the90s:Gulf Coast Section[A].In:Anon.SEPM Foundation Eleventh Annual Research Conference Programand Extended Abstracts[C].Houston:[s.n.],1990.379～388
6Van Wagoner J C.Overview of sequence stratigraphy of foreland basin deposits:terminology,summary of papers,and glossary of sequence stratigraphy[J].AAPG Memoir,1995,64:9～21
7Cross T A.High-resolution stratigraphic correlation fromthe perspectives of base-level cycles and sedi ment accommodation[A].In:Dolson J,ed.Unconformity related hydrocarbon exploration and accumulation in clastic and carbonate settings,short course notes[C].[S.l.]:Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists,1991.28～41
8Cross T A,Lessenger M A.Sedi ment volume partitio-ning:rationale for stratigraphic model evaluation and high-resolution stratigraphic correlation[A]In:Grad-stein F M,Sandvik K O,Milton N J,Eds.Sequence stratigraphy,concepts and applications.Volumn8(Special Publication)[C][S.l.]:Norweigan Petroleum Sociely,1998:171～195
9Brown A R,Dahm C G,Graebner R J.Astratigraphic case history using three-di mensional seismic datainthe Gulf of Thailand[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1981,29(3):327～349
10Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M,Barrow K T,et al.Facies mapping fromthree-di mensional seismic data:potential and guidelines froma tertiary sandstone-shale sequence model,Powerhorn Field[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(1):16～46
11Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M,Barrow K T,et al.Stratal slicing,Part I:Realistic3-Dseismic model[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):502～513
12Zeng Hongliu,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing,Part II:Real3-D seismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514～521
13Zeng Hongliu,Hentz T F,Wood LJ.Stratal slicing of Miocene-Pliocene sedi ments in Vermilion Block50-Ti-ger Shoal area,offshore Louisiana[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(4):408～418
14Zeng Hongliu.Ambrose W A.Seismic sedi mentology and regional depositional systems in Mioceno Norte,Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(11):1260～1269
15魏嘉.地质建模技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(1):1～6
16Zeng Hongliu.Stratal slicing makes seismic i maging of depositional systems easier[EB/OL].http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/documents/2006/06036zeng_gc/i mages/zeng.pdf.
17Stark TJ.Unwrappinginstantaneous phase to generate a relative geologic ti me volume[J].Expanded Ab-stracts of73rdAnnual International SEG Meeting,2003,1707～1710
18Stark TJ.Relative geologic ti me(age)volumes—Re-lating every seismic sample to a geologically reasonable horizon[J].The Leading Edge,2004,23(10):928～932
19Tingdahl K,de Groot P,Heggland R.Semi-automated object detectionin3D seismic data[EB/OL].http://www2.dgb-group.com/i mages/stories/PDF/offshore_2001_tingdahl_obj.pdf.
20de Groot P.How to create and use3D Wheeler trans-formed seismic volumes[J].Expanded Abstracts of76th Annual International SEG Meeting,2006,1038～1042
21de Bruin G,Bouanga E C.Ti me attributes of Strati-graphic surfaces,analyzedinthe structural and Wheel-er transformed domain[J].Extended Abstracts of69th EAEG Meeting,2007,E045
22魏嘉.定量地震解释离我们有多远[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(6):433～437
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