庐枞金属矿集区深地震反射剖面探测研究:一种经济的、变化的采集观测系统实验
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摘要
如何运用深地震反射剖面技术同时探测大型金属矿集区浅自几百米,深至地壳底部的地壳精细结构,揭示成矿的深部过程,是一项极具挑战性的攻关实验内容。本文针对庐枞金属矿集区的浅深兼顾的探测目标,实验了一种区域长剖面和矿集区剖面结合的变观测系统采集技术。结果表明,区域长剖面使用40m道距,240m炮距,18～20m井深,16～20kg药量,中间放炮,720道双边接收,60次覆盖的采集参数能够获得浅层至Moho的有效反射,揭示出成矿区的深部构造。矿集区剖面加密道距至10m,炮距80m,将覆盖次数增加到90次,并采用十字测线的拟三维采集技术能有效补充获得丰富的矿区浅层信息,揭露出浅层控矿构造及其与深部的联系。在经费有限的前提下,采用上述变观测系统方法来保证获得浅、深多重反射信息的采集技术是可行的,实际结果证实了该方法技术实验的成功。
How to probe fine structure from the shallow several hundred meters to the bottom of crust by deep seismic reflection profile and to discover deep process of mineralization is a challenging experiment.We test a changeable observing system of deep seismic reflection aiming at revealing shallow and deep target in Luzong metallic ore concentration area.The result demonstrate the acquirement parameters of 40m group interval,240 shot interval,18~20m shot depth,16~20kg charge size,60 folds and 720 channel are able to acquire effective reflections from shallow layer to Moho.In the interior of the ore concentration area,reducing the group interval to 10m and the shot interval to 80m with 90 fold,and designing a pseudo 3D technology with crossing lines is effective for obtaining additional shallow reflections in ore area and discovering ore-controlling structure in shallow and the relation with deep structure.Under limited fund,applying above changeable observation system to get multiple reflection information from shallow and deep is feasible.Our experiment results confirm the success of the test about this technology.
How to probe fine structure from the shallow several hundred meters to the bottom of crust by deep seismic reflection profile and to discover deep process of mineralization is a challenging experiment.We test a changeable observing system of deep seismic reflection aiming at revealing shallow and deep target in Luzong metallic ore concentration area.The result demonstrate the acquirement parameters of 40m group interval,240 shot interval,18~20m shot depth,16~20kg charge size,60 folds and 720 channel are able to acquire effective reflections from shallow layer to Moho.In the interior of the ore concentration area,reducing the group interval to 10m and the shot interval to 80m with 90 fold,and designing a pseudo 3D technology with crossing lines is effective for obtaining additional shallow reflections in ore area and discovering ore-controlling structure in shallow and the relation with deep structure.Under limited fund,applying above changeable observation system to get multiple reflection information from shallow and deep is feasible.Our experiment results confirm the success of the test about this technology.
引文
Bai ZM,Zhang ZJ and Wang YH.2007.Crustal structure across theDabie-Sulu orogenic belt revealed by seismic velocity profiles.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,4(4):436-442
Bois C and ECORS Scientific Party.1990.Major geodynamic processesstudies from the ECORS deep seismic profiles in France and adjacentareas.Tectonophysics,173:397-410
Brown LD.1985.Continents:From accretion to extension:New resultsfrom COCORP deep seismic profiling.SEG Abstracts,(1):122-123
Brown LD.1991.A new map of crustal"terranes"in the United Statesfrom COCORP deep seismic reflection profiling.Geophy.J.Int.,105:3-13
Chadwick RA and Pharaoh TC.1998.The seismic reflection Mohobeneath the United Kingdom and adjacent areas.Tectonophysics,299:255-279
Chang YF,Liu XP and Wu YC.1991.The Copper-Iron Belt of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Changjiang River.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1-379(in Chinese)
Chen HS,Zhang YH,Xu SW,Yan JZ,Ding SF,Zhou XQ,Shi YQ,Jiang WH,Cui L and Wang HS.1999.The Lithospheric Texturaland Structural Features as well as Oil and Gas Evaluation in theLower Yangtze Area and It Adjacent Region,China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,39-46(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Clowes RM,Buriyank MA,Gorman AR and Kanasewich ER.2002.Crustal velocity structure from SAREX(the Southern AlbertaRefraction Experiment).Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,39(3):351-373
Cook FA.1985.Geometry of the Kapuskasing structure from a Lithoprobepilot reflection survey.Geology,13:368-371
Cook FA and Vasudevan K.2006.Reprocessing and enhancedinterpretation of the initial COCORP southern Appalachians traverse.Tectonophysics,420(1-2):161-174
Dehghannejad M,Juhlin C,Malehmir A,Skytta P and Weihed P.2010.Reflection seismic I:Maging of the upper crust in the Kristinebergmining area,northern Sweden.Journal of Applied Geophysics,doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2010.06.002
DEKORP Research Group.1990.Results of deep-seimic reflectioninvestigations in the Rhenish Massif.Tectonophysics,173:507-515
DEKORP and Orogenic Processes Working Groups.1999.Exhumation ofsubducted crust the Saxonian granulites from reflection seismicexperiment GRANU'95.Tectonics,18:756-773
Deng ZW.2006.Seismic Exploration in Complex Mountain Regions.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,5-7(in Chinese)
Dong SW.1991.Tectonic analysis of genesis on iron-coppermineralization belt in Middle-Lower Yangtze Valley.ActaGeoscientia Sinica,23:43-56(in Chinese with English abstract)
Dong SW,Wu XZ,Gao R,Lu DY,Li YK,He YQ,Tang JF,Cao FY,Hou MJ and Huang DZ.1998.On the crust velocity levels anddynamics of the Dabieshan orogeneic belt.Acta Geophysica Sinica,41(3):349-361(in Chinese with English abstract)
Drummond BJ,Goleby BR,Swager CP and Williams PR.1993.Constraints on Archaean crustal composition and structure providedby deep seismic sounding in the Yilgarn Block.Ore GeologyReviews,8:117-124
Drummond BJ,Goleby BR,Owens AJ,Yeates AN,Swager C,Zhang Yand Jackson JK.2000.Seismic reflection imaging of mineralsystems:Three case histories.Geophysics,65(6):1852-1861
Drummond B,Lyons P,Goleby B and Jones L.2006.Constrainingmodels of the tectonic setting of the giant Olympic dam iron oxid-copper-gold deposit,South Australia,using deep seismic reflectiondata.Tectonophysics,(420):91-103
Ferrer O,Roca E,Benjumea B,Mu oz JA,Ellouz N and MARCONITeam.2008.The deep seismic reflection MARCONI-3profile:Roleof extensional Mesozoic structure during the Pyrenean contractionaldeformation at the eastern part of the Bay of Biscay.Marine andPetroleum Geology,25(8):714-730
Finetti IR.2004.Innovative CROP seismic highlights on theMediterranean region.Special Volume of the Italian GeologicalSociety for the IGC32,Florence:131-140
Goleby BR,Blewett RS,Korsch RJ,Champion DC,Cassidy KF,JonesLEA,Groenewald PB and Henson P.2004.Deep seismic reflectionprofiling in the Archaean northeastern Yilgarn Craton,WesternAustralia:Implications for crustal architecture and mineral potential.Tectonophysics,388:119-133
Goleby BR,Huston DL,Lyons P,Vandenberg L,Bagas L,Davis BM,Jones LEA,Marian MG,Johonson W,Smith T and English L.2009.The Tanami deep seismic reflection experiment:An insightinto gold mineralization and Paleoproterozoic collision in the NorthAustralian Craton.Tectonophysics,472:169-182
He QD,Han LG and Wang DL.2009.Seismic Exploration.The4thEditon.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-220(in Chinese)
Klemperer SL.1989.Deep seismic reflection profiling and the growth ofthe continental crust.Tectonophysics,161(3-4):233-244
Knapp CC,Knapp JH and Connor JA.2004.Crustal-scale structure ofthe South Caspian Basin revealed by deep seismic reflectionprofiling.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21(8):1073-1081
Lv QT,Hou ZQ,Zhao JH,Shi DN,Wu XZ,Chang YF and Pei RF.2003.Complicated crustal structures in the Tongling metallogenicprovince revealed on the deep seismic reflection profile.Science inChina(Series D),33(5):442-449(in Chinese)
Matthews DH and the BIRPS Group.1990.Progress in BIRPS deepseismic reflection profiling around the British Isles.Testonophysics,173:387-396
Milkereit B,Green Aand Sudbury Working Group.1992.Deep geometryof the sudbury structure from seismic reflection profiling.Geology,20:807-811
Moon WM and Miao XG.1997.Crustal structure northwest of theSudbury meteorite-impact structure(LITHOPROBE reflection-seismic AGT Line42).Geosciences Journal(Seoul),1(4):189-201
Nelson KD and Zhang J.1991.A COCORP deep reflection profile acrossthe buried Reelfoot rift,south-central United States.Tectonophysics,(197):271-293
Nelson KD,Zhao WJ,Brown LD,Kuo J,Che JK,Liu XW,KlempererSL,Makovsky Y,Meissner R,Mechie J,Kind R,Wenzel F,Ni J,Nabelek J,Chen LS,Tan HD,Wei WB,Jones AG,Booker J,Unsworth M,Kidd WSF,Hauck M,Alsdorf D,Ross A,Cogan M,Wu CD,Sandvol E and Edwards M.1996.Partially molten middlecrust beneath Southern Tibet:Synthesis of project INDEPTHresults.Science,274:1684-1688
Oliver J.1993.COCORP probes continental depths.Geotimes,(June):21-22
Ren QJ,Liu XS,Xu ZW,Qiu DT,Hu WX,Fang CQ,Ruan HC,DongHG,Li ZL and Wu QZ.1991.Mesozoic Volcano-TectonicDepression and Its Mineralizing Process in Lujing-Zongyang Area,Anhui Province.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-145(inChinese)
Ren QJ,Wang DZ,Xu ZW,Dong HG,Pan LQ,Yang RY,Fang CQandHu JA.1993.Forming,evolution and mineralization of volcanic-structural depression in Luzong region of Anhui.Acta GeologicaSinica,67(2):131-145(in Chinese with English abstract)
Snyder DB,Bleeker W,Reed LE,Ayer JA,Houle MG and Bateman R.2008.Tectonic and metallogenic implications of regional seismicprofiles in the Timmins Mining Camp.Economic Geology,103(6):1135-1150
Xie Z,Li QZ,Chen JF and Gao TS.2007.The geochemicalcharacteristics of the Early Cretaceous volcanics in Luzong region andtheir source significances.Geological Journal of China Universities,13(2):235-249(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang ZJ,Chen QF,Bai ZM,Chen Y and Badal J.2010.Crustalstructure and extensional deformation of thinned lithosphere innorthern China.Tectonophysics,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2010.06.021
Zhou TF,Fan Y,Yuan F,Lu SM,Shang SG,David C,Sebastien Mand Zhao GC.2008.Geochronology of the volcanic rocks in the Lu-Zong(Lujiang-Zongyang)basin and its significances.Science inChina(Series D),38(10):1342-1353(in Chinese)
常印佛,刘湘培,吴言昌.1991.长江中下游铜铁成矿带.北京:地质出版社,1-379
陈沪生,张永鸿,徐师文,阎吉柱,丁少飞,周雪清,时有全,蒋婉华,崔琳,王怀生.1999.下扬子及邻区岩石圈结构构造特征与油气资源评价.北京:地质出版社,39-46
邓志文.2006.复杂山地地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,5-7
董树文.1991.长江中下游铁铜矿带成因之构造分析.地球学报,23:43-56
董树文,吴宣志,高锐,卢德源,李英康,何义权,汤加富,曹奋扬,侯明金,黄德志.1998.大别造山带地壳速度结构与动力学.地球物理学报,41(3):349-361
何樵登,韩立国,王德利.2009.地震勘探.第四版.北京:地质出版社,1-220
吕庆田,侯增谦,赵金花,史大年,吴宣志,常印佛,裴荣富.2003.深地震反射剖面揭示的铜陵矿集区复杂地壳结构形态.中国科学(D辑),33(5):442-449
任启江,刘孝善,徐兆文,邱德同,胡文-,方长泉,阮惠础,董火根,李兆麟,吴启志.1991.安徽庐枞中生代火山构造洼地及其成矿作用.北京:地质出版社,1-145
任启江,王德滋,徐兆文,董火根,潘龙泉,杨荣勇,方长泉,胡进安.1993.安徽庐枞火山-构造洼地的形成、演化及成矿.地质学报,67(2):131-145
谢智,李全忠,陈江峰,高天山.2007.庐枞早白垩世火山岩的地球化学特征及其源区意义.高校地质学报,13(2):235-249
周涛发,范裕,袁峰,陆三明,尚世贵,David C,Sebastien M,赵国春.2008.安徽庐枞(庐江-枞阳)盆地火山岩的年代学及其意义.中国科学(D辑),38(11):1342-1353
Bois C and ECORS Scientific Party.1990.Major geodynamic processesstudies from the ECORS deep seismic profiles in France and adjacentareas.Tectonophysics,173:397-410
Brown LD.1985.Continents:From accretion to extension:New resultsfrom COCORP deep seismic profiling.SEG Abstracts,(1):122-123
Brown LD.1991.A new map of crustal"terranes"in the United Statesfrom COCORP deep seismic reflection profiling.Geophy.J.Int.,105:3-13
Chadwick RA and Pharaoh TC.1998.The seismic reflection Mohobeneath the United Kingdom and adjacent areas.Tectonophysics,299:255-279
Chang YF,Liu XP and Wu YC.1991.The Copper-Iron Belt of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Changjiang River.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1-379(in Chinese)
Chen HS,Zhang YH,Xu SW,Yan JZ,Ding SF,Zhou XQ,Shi YQ,Jiang WH,Cui L and Wang HS.1999.The Lithospheric Texturaland Structural Features as well as Oil and Gas Evaluation in theLower Yangtze Area and It Adjacent Region,China.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,39-46(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Clowes RM,Buriyank MA,Gorman AR and Kanasewich ER.2002.Crustal velocity structure from SAREX(the Southern AlbertaRefraction Experiment).Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,39(3):351-373
Cook FA.1985.Geometry of the Kapuskasing structure from a Lithoprobepilot reflection survey.Geology,13:368-371
Cook FA and Vasudevan K.2006.Reprocessing and enhancedinterpretation of the initial COCORP southern Appalachians traverse.Tectonophysics,420(1-2):161-174
Dehghannejad M,Juhlin C,Malehmir A,Skytta P and Weihed P.2010.Reflection seismic I:Maging of the upper crust in the Kristinebergmining area,northern Sweden.Journal of Applied Geophysics,doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2010.06.002
DEKORP Research Group.1990.Results of deep-seimic reflectioninvestigations in the Rhenish Massif.Tectonophysics,173:507-515
DEKORP and Orogenic Processes Working Groups.1999.Exhumation ofsubducted crust the Saxonian granulites from reflection seismicexperiment GRANU'95.Tectonics,18:756-773
Deng ZW.2006.Seismic Exploration in Complex Mountain Regions.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,5-7(in Chinese)
Dong SW.1991.Tectonic analysis of genesis on iron-coppermineralization belt in Middle-Lower Yangtze Valley.ActaGeoscientia Sinica,23:43-56(in Chinese with English abstract)
Dong SW,Wu XZ,Gao R,Lu DY,Li YK,He YQ,Tang JF,Cao FY,Hou MJ and Huang DZ.1998.On the crust velocity levels anddynamics of the Dabieshan orogeneic belt.Acta Geophysica Sinica,41(3):349-361(in Chinese with English abstract)
Drummond BJ,Goleby BR,Swager CP and Williams PR.1993.Constraints on Archaean crustal composition and structure providedby deep seismic sounding in the Yilgarn Block.Ore GeologyReviews,8:117-124
Drummond BJ,Goleby BR,Owens AJ,Yeates AN,Swager C,Zhang Yand Jackson JK.2000.Seismic reflection imaging of mineralsystems:Three case histories.Geophysics,65(6):1852-1861
Drummond B,Lyons P,Goleby B and Jones L.2006.Constrainingmodels of the tectonic setting of the giant Olympic dam iron oxid-copper-gold deposit,South Australia,using deep seismic reflectiondata.Tectonophysics,(420):91-103
Ferrer O,Roca E,Benjumea B,Mu oz JA,Ellouz N and MARCONITeam.2008.The deep seismic reflection MARCONI-3profile:Roleof extensional Mesozoic structure during the Pyrenean contractionaldeformation at the eastern part of the Bay of Biscay.Marine andPetroleum Geology,25(8):714-730
Finetti IR.2004.Innovative CROP seismic highlights on theMediterranean region.Special Volume of the Italian GeologicalSociety for the IGC32,Florence:131-140
Goleby BR,Blewett RS,Korsch RJ,Champion DC,Cassidy KF,JonesLEA,Groenewald PB and Henson P.2004.Deep seismic reflectionprofiling in the Archaean northeastern Yilgarn Craton,WesternAustralia:Implications for crustal architecture and mineral potential.Tectonophysics,388:119-133
Goleby BR,Huston DL,Lyons P,Vandenberg L,Bagas L,Davis BM,Jones LEA,Marian MG,Johonson W,Smith T and English L.2009.The Tanami deep seismic reflection experiment:An insightinto gold mineralization and Paleoproterozoic collision in the NorthAustralian Craton.Tectonophysics,472:169-182
He QD,Han LG and Wang DL.2009.Seismic Exploration.The4thEditon.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1-220(in Chinese)
Klemperer SL.1989.Deep seismic reflection profiling and the growth ofthe continental crust.Tectonophysics,161(3-4):233-244
Knapp CC,Knapp JH and Connor JA.2004.Crustal-scale structure ofthe South Caspian Basin revealed by deep seismic reflectionprofiling.Marine and Petroleum Geology,21(8):1073-1081
Lv QT,Hou ZQ,Zhao JH,Shi DN,Wu XZ,Chang YF and Pei RF.2003.Complicated crustal structures in the Tongling metallogenicprovince revealed on the deep seismic reflection profile.Science inChina(Series D),33(5):442-449(in Chinese)
Matthews DH and the BIRPS Group.1990.Progress in BIRPS deepseismic reflection profiling around the British Isles.Testonophysics,173:387-396
Milkereit B,Green Aand Sudbury Working Group.1992.Deep geometryof the sudbury structure from seismic reflection profiling.Geology,20:807-811
Moon WM and Miao XG.1997.Crustal structure northwest of theSudbury meteorite-impact structure(LITHOPROBE reflection-seismic AGT Line42).Geosciences Journal(Seoul),1(4):189-201
Nelson KD and Zhang J.1991.A COCORP deep reflection profile acrossthe buried Reelfoot rift,south-central United States.Tectonophysics,(197):271-293
Nelson KD,Zhao WJ,Brown LD,Kuo J,Che JK,Liu XW,KlempererSL,Makovsky Y,Meissner R,Mechie J,Kind R,Wenzel F,Ni J,Nabelek J,Chen LS,Tan HD,Wei WB,Jones AG,Booker J,Unsworth M,Kidd WSF,Hauck M,Alsdorf D,Ross A,Cogan M,Wu CD,Sandvol E and Edwards M.1996.Partially molten middlecrust beneath Southern Tibet:Synthesis of project INDEPTHresults.Science,274:1684-1688
Oliver J.1993.COCORP probes continental depths.Geotimes,(June):21-22
Ren QJ,Liu XS,Xu ZW,Qiu DT,Hu WX,Fang CQ,Ruan HC,DongHG,Li ZL and Wu QZ.1991.Mesozoic Volcano-TectonicDepression and Its Mineralizing Process in Lujing-Zongyang Area,Anhui Province.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-145(inChinese)
Ren QJ,Wang DZ,Xu ZW,Dong HG,Pan LQ,Yang RY,Fang CQandHu JA.1993.Forming,evolution and mineralization of volcanic-structural depression in Luzong region of Anhui.Acta GeologicaSinica,67(2):131-145(in Chinese with English abstract)
Snyder DB,Bleeker W,Reed LE,Ayer JA,Houle MG and Bateman R.2008.Tectonic and metallogenic implications of regional seismicprofiles in the Timmins Mining Camp.Economic Geology,103(6):1135-1150
Xie Z,Li QZ,Chen JF and Gao TS.2007.The geochemicalcharacteristics of the Early Cretaceous volcanics in Luzong region andtheir source significances.Geological Journal of China Universities,13(2):235-249(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang ZJ,Chen QF,Bai ZM,Chen Y and Badal J.2010.Crustalstructure and extensional deformation of thinned lithosphere innorthern China.Tectonophysics,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2010.06.021
Zhou TF,Fan Y,Yuan F,Lu SM,Shang SG,David C,Sebastien Mand Zhao GC.2008.Geochronology of the volcanic rocks in the Lu-Zong(Lujiang-Zongyang)basin and its significances.Science inChina(Series D),38(10):1342-1353(in Chinese)
常印佛,刘湘培,吴言昌.1991.长江中下游铜铁成矿带.北京:地质出版社,1-379
陈沪生,张永鸿,徐师文,阎吉柱,丁少飞,周雪清,时有全,蒋婉华,崔琳,王怀生.1999.下扬子及邻区岩石圈结构构造特征与油气资源评价.北京:地质出版社,39-46
邓志文.2006.复杂山地地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,5-7
董树文.1991.长江中下游铁铜矿带成因之构造分析.地球学报,23:43-56
董树文,吴宣志,高锐,卢德源,李英康,何义权,汤加富,曹奋扬,侯明金,黄德志.1998.大别造山带地壳速度结构与动力学.地球物理学报,41(3):349-361
何樵登,韩立国,王德利.2009.地震勘探.第四版.北京:地质出版社,1-220
吕庆田,侯增谦,赵金花,史大年,吴宣志,常印佛,裴荣富.2003.深地震反射剖面揭示的铜陵矿集区复杂地壳结构形态.中国科学(D辑),33(5):442-449
任启江,刘孝善,徐兆文,邱德同,胡文-,方长泉,阮惠础,董火根,李兆麟,吴启志.1991.安徽庐枞中生代火山构造洼地及其成矿作用.北京:地质出版社,1-145
任启江,王德滋,徐兆文,董火根,潘龙泉,杨荣勇,方长泉,胡进安.1993.安徽庐枞火山-构造洼地的形成、演化及成矿.地质学报,67(2):131-145
谢智,李全忠,陈江峰,高天山.2007.庐枞早白垩世火山岩的地球化学特征及其源区意义.高校地质学报,13(2):235-249
周涛发,范裕,袁峰,陆三明,尚世贵,David C,Sebastien M,赵国春.2008.安徽庐枞(庐江-枞阳)盆地火山岩的年代学及其意义.中国科学(D辑),38(11):1342-1353
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