利用克里金技术标定新疆及附近地区P/S震相幅值比及其在地震事件识别中的应用
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摘要
针对中国的乌鲁木齐台(WMQ)和哈萨克斯坦的马坎奇台(MAK),采用贝叶斯克里金技术建立了新疆及附近地区地震事件的P/S震相幅值比的校正曲面,并分析了校正曲面与地震波传播路径的关系,以及校正曲面对于改善P/S震相幅值比判据识别效果的有效性.分析结果表明,建立的校正曲面基本合理,结合传播路径差异和地震波传播规律,能够较好地解释校正曲面的起伏特征.而且,在传播路径差异较大,使得P/S震相幅值比经震中距校正后离散度仍然较高的情况下,利用校正曲面修正P/S震相幅值比,可以进一步降低其离散度,从而改善判据的识别效果.MAK台lg[Pn(2~4Hz)/Lg(2~4Hz)]经校正曲面修正后,对天然地震的误识率由16.3%下降为5.2%.
Correction maps of P/S amplitude ratios for seismic events distributed in Xinjiang, China and adjacent areas were established using a Bayesian kriging method for the two seismic stations WMQ and MAK. The relationship between correction maps and variations of along-path features was analyzed and the validity of applying the correction maps to improve performances of P/S discriminants for seismic discrimination was investigated. Results obtained show that obtained correction maps in general may reflect event-station path effects upon corresponding P/S discriminants; and the correction of these effects could further reduce scatters of distance corrected P/S measurements within earthquake and explosion populations as well as improve their discriminating performances if path effects are a significant factor of such scatters. For example, as corresponding kriging correction map was applied, the misidentification rate of earthquakes by lg[Pn(2~4 Hz)/Lg(2~4 Hz)] at MAK was reduced from 16.3% to 5.2%.
Correction maps of P/S amplitude ratios for seismic events distributed in Xinjiang, China and adjacent areas were established using a Bayesian kriging method for the two seismic stations WMQ and MAK. The relationship between correction maps and variations of along-path features was analyzed and the validity of applying the correction maps to improve performances of P/S discriminants for seismic discrimination was investigated. Results obtained show that obtained correction maps in general may reflect event-station path effects upon corresponding P/S discriminants; and the correction of these effects could further reduce scatters of distance corrected P/S measurements within earthquake and explosion populations as well as improve their discriminating performances if path effects are a significant factor of such scatters. For example, as corresponding kriging correction map was applied, the misidentification rate of earthquakes by lg[Pn(2~4 Hz)/Lg(2~4 Hz)] at MAK was reduced from 16.3% to 5.2%.
引文
靳平,周青云,潘常周.2001.地震事件区域识别判据研究(二):P/S震相幅值比[J].试验与研究,24(1):14-28.
潘常周,靳平,王红春.2007.P/S震相幅值比判据对低震级地震事件的适用性检验[J].地震学报,29(5):521-528.
王家华,高海余,周叶.1998.克里金地质绘图技术:计算机的模型和算法[M].北京:石油工业出版社:1-4.
王广平,吴广涛,伦志强,等.1982.新疆维吾尔自治区区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社:728.
肖卫国,靳平,潘常周.2003.我国新疆地区区域震相发育特征研究[J].试验与研究,26(3):106-112.
Anderson D N,Willemann RJ,Miley HS,et al.2004.Trends in nuclear explosion Momitoring[C/OL]∥NNSAeds.The26th Annual Seismic Research Symposium-Trends in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring.Orlando,Florida:3-13[2005-03-10].https:∥www.nemre.nnsa.doe.gov/cgi-bin/prod/researchreview/index.cgi.
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Bennett TJ,Murphy J R.1986.Analysis of seismic discri mination capabilities using regional data from Western UnitedStates event[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,76:1069-1086.
Fisk M,Bottone S.2000.Regional seismic event characterization using a bayesian Kriging approach[C/OL]∥The22ndAnnual DoD/DOESeismic Research Symposium:Planning for Verification of and Compliance with the Compre-hensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty(CTBT).01-03.[2001-10-01].https:∥www.nemre.nn.doe.gov/review.
Hartse H E,Flores R A,Johnson P A.1998.Correcting regional seismic discri minants for path effects in western China[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,88(2):596-608.
Hartse HE,Taylor S R,Phillips WS,et al.1997.Preli minary study of seismic discri minationin central Asia with em-phasis on western China[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,87:551-568.
Ki m W Y,Si mpson D,Richards P.1993.Discri mination of earthquakes and explosionsinthe eastern United States usinghigh-frequency data[J].Gegphys Res Lett,20:1507-1510.
Phillips WS,Randall G,Taylor S.1998.Path correction usinginterpolated amplitude residuals:An example fromcen-tral China[J].Gegphys Res Lett,25:2729-2732.
Rodgers AJ,Walter WR,Schultz C A,et al.1999.Acomparison of methodologies for representing path effects on re-gional P/S discri minants[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,89:394-408.
Schultz C A,Myers S C,Hipp J,et al.1998.Nonstationary Bayesian kriging:Application of spatial corrections to i m-prove seismic detection,location andidentification[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,88:1275-1288.
Taylor S R.1996.Analysis of high-frequency Pg/Lg ratios from NTS explosions and western U.S.earthquakes[J].BullSeismSoc Amer,86:1042-1043.
Taylor S R,Denny MD,Vergino E S,et al.1989.Regional discri mination between NTS explosions and western U.S.earthquakes[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,79:1142-1176.
Walter WR,Mayeda K M,Patton HJ.1995.Phase and spectral ratio discri mination between NTS earthquakes and ex-plosion.PartⅠ:Empirical observations[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,85:1050-1067.
Zhang T-R,Lay T.1994a.Analysis of short-period regional phase path effects associated withtopographyin Eurasia[J]Bull Seism Soc Amer,84:119-132.
Zhang T-R,Lay T.1994b.Effects of crustal structure under the Barents and Kara Seas on short-period regional wavepropagation for Novaya Zemlya explosions:Empirical relations[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,84:1132-1147.
Zhang T-R,Lay T,Schwartz S,et al.1996.Variation of regional seismic discri minants with surface topographic rough-ness in the western United States[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,86:714-725.
潘常周,靳平,王红春.2007.P/S震相幅值比判据对低震级地震事件的适用性检验[J].地震学报,29(5):521-528.
王家华,高海余,周叶.1998.克里金地质绘图技术:计算机的模型和算法[M].北京:石油工业出版社:1-4.
王广平,吴广涛,伦志强,等.1982.新疆维吾尔自治区区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社:728.
肖卫国,靳平,潘常周.2003.我国新疆地区区域震相发育特征研究[J].试验与研究,26(3):106-112.
Anderson D N,Willemann RJ,Miley HS,et al.2004.Trends in nuclear explosion Momitoring[C/OL]∥NNSAeds.The26th Annual Seismic Research Symposium-Trends in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring.Orlando,Florida:3-13[2005-03-10].https:∥www.nemre.nnsa.doe.gov/cgi-bin/prod/researchreview/index.cgi.
Baumgardt D.1990.Investigation of teleseismic Lg blockage and scattering using regional arrays[J].Bull Seism SocAmer,80:2261-2281.
Baumgardt D,Young G.1990.Regional seismic waveformdiscri minants and case-base event identification using regionalarrays[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,80:1874-1892.
Bennett TJ,Murphy J R.1986.Analysis of seismic discri mination capabilities using regional data from Western UnitedStates event[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,76:1069-1086.
Fisk M,Bottone S.2000.Regional seismic event characterization using a bayesian Kriging approach[C/OL]∥The22ndAnnual DoD/DOESeismic Research Symposium:Planning for Verification of and Compliance with the Compre-hensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty(CTBT).01-03.[2001-10-01].https:∥www.nemre.nn.doe.gov/review.
Hartse H E,Flores R A,Johnson P A.1998.Correcting regional seismic discri minants for path effects in western China[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,88(2):596-608.
Hartse HE,Taylor S R,Phillips WS,et al.1997.Preli minary study of seismic discri minationin central Asia with em-phasis on western China[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,87:551-568.
Ki m W Y,Si mpson D,Richards P.1993.Discri mination of earthquakes and explosionsinthe eastern United States usinghigh-frequency data[J].Gegphys Res Lett,20:1507-1510.
Phillips WS,Randall G,Taylor S.1998.Path correction usinginterpolated amplitude residuals:An example fromcen-tral China[J].Gegphys Res Lett,25:2729-2732.
Rodgers AJ,Walter WR,Schultz C A,et al.1999.Acomparison of methodologies for representing path effects on re-gional P/S discri minants[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,89:394-408.
Schultz C A,Myers S C,Hipp J,et al.1998.Nonstationary Bayesian kriging:Application of spatial corrections to i m-prove seismic detection,location andidentification[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,88:1275-1288.
Taylor S R.1996.Analysis of high-frequency Pg/Lg ratios from NTS explosions and western U.S.earthquakes[J].BullSeismSoc Amer,86:1042-1043.
Taylor S R,Denny MD,Vergino E S,et al.1989.Regional discri mination between NTS explosions and western U.S.earthquakes[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,79:1142-1176.
Walter WR,Mayeda K M,Patton HJ.1995.Phase and spectral ratio discri mination between NTS earthquakes and ex-plosion.PartⅠ:Empirical observations[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,85:1050-1067.
Zhang T-R,Lay T.1994a.Analysis of short-period regional phase path effects associated withtopographyin Eurasia[J]Bull Seism Soc Amer,84:119-132.
Zhang T-R,Lay T.1994b.Effects of crustal structure under the Barents and Kara Seas on short-period regional wavepropagation for Novaya Zemlya explosions:Empirical relations[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,84:1132-1147.
Zhang T-R,Lay T,Schwartz S,et al.1996.Variation of regional seismic discri minants with surface topographic rough-ness in the western United States[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,86:714-725.
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