青藏特提斯板块构造与含油气盆地
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摘要
青藏特提斯是由5大地壳块体、3条板块缝合带经多期碰撞拼合而组成的复杂构造系统,由于新生代以来的强烈陆内汇聚作 用,现今主要表现为2个构造结点、3条汇聚边界和2大剪切带的构造运动学特征,边界的强烈汇聚与板内的强烈隆升、挤压剪切、 伸展剥离组成复杂而统一的动力学系统,具有厚壳和热壳特点。青藏特提斯含油气盆地可划分为海相复合型、海陆叠复合型和陆相 上叠型等3种基本类型,多含油气层系的复合与叠置、多期次构造运动的改造和岩浆热液活动的影响导致这些盆地具有地温场高、 地层压力低、储层致密和油气氧化界面深等显著特点。
The Tethys in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a complex structural system which is formed by multiple collisions and coherences of five crustal blocks and three plate sutured belts. Due to strong inner-continental convergences since the Cenozoic, the Tethys in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau presently has the structural kinematic features of two structural knots, three convergence boundaries and two great shear belts. The strong convergence of boundaries combined with inner-continental uplifting, compression-shearing and extension-stripping leaded to a complex and uniform kinematic system, characterized by a thick and hot crust. The petroliferous basins in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can be divided into three basic types as the marine compound basin, the superposed basin of marine and continent and the continental overlapped basin etc. These basins have some notable features such as high geothermal field, low formation pressure, tight reservoirs, deep oxidized hydrocarbon boundaries and so on, which were resulted from impressions brought about the re-combinations and overriding of multiple petroliferous strata, the reconstruction of multiple structural movements and the activities of hot magma.
The Tethys in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a complex structural system which is formed by multiple collisions and coherences of five crustal blocks and three plate sutured belts. Due to strong inner-continental convergences since the Cenozoic, the Tethys in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau presently has the structural kinematic features of two structural knots, three convergence boundaries and two great shear belts. The strong convergence of boundaries combined with inner-continental uplifting, compression-shearing and extension-stripping leaded to a complex and uniform kinematic system, characterized by a thick and hot crust. The petroliferous basins in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can be divided into three basic types as the marine compound basin, the superposed basin of marine and continent and the continental overlapped basin etc. These basins have some notable features such as high geothermal field, low formation pressure, tight reservoirs, deep oxidized hydrocarbon boundaries and so on, which were resulted from impressions brought about the re-combinations and overriding of multiple petroliferous strata, the reconstruction of multiple structural movements and the activities of hot magma.
引文
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21 雷清亮,付孝悦.伦坡拉第三纪陆相盆地油气地质特征分析[J].地球科学,1996,21(2):147～153
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23 袁彩萍.西藏伦坡拉盆地地温场特征及烃源岩热演化[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(2):156～160
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2 黄汲清,陈炳尉.中国及邻区特提斯海的演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1987.1～76
3 姜春发,杨经绥,冯秉贵等.昆仑开合构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1992
4 潘裕生,孔祥儒.青藏高原岩石圈结构演化和动力学[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1998
5 张 旗,李绍华.西藏的变质带和变质作用[M].北京:科学出版社,1981
6 王连诚,李达周,张 旗等.四川理塘蛇绿混杂岩———一个以火山岩为基质的蛇绿混杂岩[J].岩石学报,1985,1(2):17～27
7 余光明,王成善.西藏特提斯沉积地质[A].地质专报(岩石地球化学第12号)[C].北京:地质出版社,1990.70～93
8 李德威.喜马拉雅造山带的构造不对称演化[J].地球科学,1992,17(5):539～545
9 李德威.古生代末期以来青藏特提斯构造域的演化轮廓[A].地矿部岩石圈构造与动力学开放实验室专报[C]北京:地震出版社,1994
10 陈智梁,刘宇平.藏南拆离系[A].特提斯地质(第20号)[C].北京:地质出版社,1996.31～51
11 杨 华,梁明月,王 岚等.青藏高原东部航磁特征及其与构造成矿带的关系[A].地质矿产部地质专报(第7号)[C].北京: 地质出版社,1991.1～181
12 孔祥儒,王谦身,熊绍柏.青藏高原西部综合地球物理与岩石圈结构的研究[J].中国科学(D辑),1996,26(4):308～315
13 张胜业,魏 胜,王家映等.西藏羌塘盆地大地电磁测深研究[J].地球科学,1996,21(2):198～202
14 吴建功,肖序常,李廷栋.青藏高原亚东—格尔木地学断面[J].地质学报,1989,63(4):285～296
15 曾融生,朱介寿,周 兵等.青藏高原及其东部邻区的三维地震波速结构与大陆碰撞模型[J].地震学报,1992,4(增刊):523～533
16 沈显杰.岩石圈热结构[A].见:中国地质科学院岩石圈研究中心,地质矿产部地质研究所编.青藏高原岩石圈结构构造和形成演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.114～125
17 付孝悦,张修富,罗本家.藏北羌塘盆地海相沉积构造特征与油气前景评价[A].石油与天然气地质文辑(第五辑)[C].北京:地质出版社,1996
18 雷清亮,戴国汗,付孝悦.西藏油气远景分析[J].石油与天然地质,1997,21(2):22～26
19 张修富,付孝悦,江月星.藏南岗巴—定日盆地石油地质特征及前景评价[J].海相油气地质,1997
20 穆 青.藏北油气远景及勘探方向[J].石油实验地质,1992,14(2):142～151
21 雷清亮,付孝悦.伦坡拉第三纪陆相盆地油气地质特征分析[J].地球科学,1996,21(2):147～153
22 卢亚平.藏北伦坡拉盆地藏1井原油地球化学特征[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(4):377～381
23 袁彩萍.西藏伦坡拉盆地地温场特征及烃源岩热演化[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(2):156～160
24 付孝悦,卢亚平,肖秋苟.含油气盆地油气氧化界面与保存条件纵向分带性讨论———以西藏伦坡拉陆相第三系盆地为例[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(6):773～776
25 赵政璋,李永铁,费宝生.青藏高原羌塘盆地石油地质[A].见:赵政璋编.青藏高原石油地质学丛书[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.355
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