河流形态的分维及与洪水关系的探讨——以长江中下游为例
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摘要
河流水系形态特征可以通过河流的分形特征来反映,分形维数则是河流分形特征的量化表示,其与河流洪水之间存在着一定的关系。以长江中下游为例,利用网格覆盖法计算出长江中下游河流分维,分析了长江中下游河流的分形特性,并在此基础上结合长江中下游洪水分析不同水系特征下洪水的特点。研究结果表明,一般来说河道分维越大、河网分维越小,洪水发生可能性则越高。
The river fractal features can reflect the features of river systems, and the fractal dimension is an important variable that can reflect the fractal features.So there is certain relation between the river fractal dimensions and the river floods.By taking the middle and lower courses of the Yangtze River as an example, this paper calculates its fractal dimensions and ana- lyzes its fractal features by grid-covered analysis, and tries to indicate the relationship between the river fractal dimensions and the river floods through the analysis.The results show that, the higher the river course fractal dimension, the lower the river network fractal dimension, the higher the possibility that flood-happens.
The river fractal features can reflect the features of river systems, and the fractal dimension is an important variable that can reflect the fractal features.So there is certain relation between the river fractal dimensions and the river floods.By taking the middle and lower courses of the Yangtze River as an example, this paper calculates its fractal dimensions and ana- lyzes its fractal features by grid-covered analysis, and tries to indicate the relationship between the river fractal dimensions and the river floods through the analysis.The results show that, the higher the river course fractal dimension, the lower the river network fractal dimension, the higher the possibility that flood-happens.
引文
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[11]骆承政,乐嘉祥·中国大洪水———灾害性洪水述要[M]·北京:中国书店,1996·
[2] Mandelbrot B B, The Fractal Geometry of Nature[M]·NewYork: W H Freemanand Company,1983·
[3]朱晓华,蔡运龙·中国水系的盒维数及其关系[J]·水科学进展,2003,14(6):731-735·
[4]王倩,邹欣庆,朱大奎·基于GIS技术的秦淮河流域水系分维研究[J]·水科学进展,2002,13(6):751-756·
[5]李伟,黎洪德·旱涝灾害的分形研究方法[J]·灾害学,2000,15(2):17-22·
[6]朱晓华,蔡运龙,等·中国旱涝灾害的分形结构[J]·地球科学进展,2003,18(4):509-514·
[7]冯平,冯焱·河流形态特征的分维计算方法[J]·地理学报,1997,52(4):324-330·
[8]周寅康,张捷,等·分形论与自然灾害研究———地震、洪涝灾害中的分形研究[J]·自然灾害学报,1995,4(4):9-15·
[9]杨秀春,朱晓华·中国七大流域水系与洪涝的分维及其关系研究[J]·灾害学,2002,17(3):9-13·
[10]龚胜生·长江中游洪灾的历史地理考察[J]·华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,34(4):485-488·
[11]骆承政,乐嘉祥·中国大洪水———灾害性洪水述要[M]·北京:中国书店,1996·
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