井地联合地震勘探技术研究
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摘要
垂直地震剖面(VSP)在求取地层参数(大地吸收衰减系数、速度、VTI和HTI介质参数)、时深转换与标定以及储层波场描述方面具有优势;地面地震则具有观测系统灵活均匀、成像孔径大、宏观地质解释能力强的优势。因此,井地联合地震勘探技术被视为未来地震勘探和油藏地球物理的重要发展方向之一。通过本次东部火成岩裂缝储层的VSP(零偏VSP,Walkaway VSP和160级三维VSP观测)与全方位地面地震观测的井地联合地震研究表明,基于VSP驱动的地面地震数据提高分辨率处理是有益的,但参数求取方法和近地表空间影响的消除需深入研究;基于VSP驱动的三维速度场的建立也存在一些问题需要研究;基于WVSP和三维VSP求取的VTI和HTI参数有效,并且对于驱动全方位地面地震数据的VTI处理、裂缝预测和叠前反演是有益的。最终通过基于VSP驱动的地面地震数据处理和消除近地表影响的相对保持储层振幅、频率、相位和波形的处理,以及处理过程中的质量监控,获得了火成岩裂缝储层的地质信息和火成岩相带精细解释结果。
Vertical Seismic Profile(VSP)has advantages in acquiring formation parameters(earth absorption and attenuation analysis, velocity,HTI and VTI),time-depth conversion and calibration,as well as reservoir wave filed description.Surface seismic has the advantages including flexible and even geometry,large aperture imaging, and strong macro geologic interpretation ability.Therefore, seismic-logging joint exploration technology is regarded as one of the important development directions of the future seismic exploration and reservoir geophysics.The research on joint exploration by VSP(ZVSP,WVSP and 160-level 3D VSP)and full-azimuth surface seismic acquisition in east volcanic rock fractured reservoir indicates that the resolution improvement based on VSP-driven surface seismic data processing is beneficial,but parameter calculation method and the spatial impact of near surface is worth to study;the establishment of 3D velocity field based on VSP-driven is doable, but some problems is still worth to study;the VTI and HTI parameters acquired by WVSP and 3D VSP are effective,and it is also beneficial for the VTI processing,fracture prediction and pre-stack inversion.Finally,by VSP-driven surface seismic data processing and relatively preserving reservoir amplitude,frequency,phase and wave form while removing the near surface impact,as well as QC, some results were achieved including geologic information of volcanic rock fractured reservoir and fine interpretation of volcanic rock facies belt.
Vertical Seismic Profile(VSP)has advantages in acquiring formation parameters(earth absorption and attenuation analysis, velocity,HTI and VTI),time-depth conversion and calibration,as well as reservoir wave filed description.Surface seismic has the advantages including flexible and even geometry,large aperture imaging, and strong macro geologic interpretation ability.Therefore, seismic-logging joint exploration technology is regarded as one of the important development directions of the future seismic exploration and reservoir geophysics.The research on joint exploration by VSP(ZVSP,WVSP and 160-level 3D VSP)and full-azimuth surface seismic acquisition in east volcanic rock fractured reservoir indicates that the resolution improvement based on VSP-driven surface seismic data processing is beneficial,but parameter calculation method and the spatial impact of near surface is worth to study;the establishment of 3D velocity field based on VSP-driven is doable, but some problems is still worth to study;the VTI and HTI parameters acquired by WVSP and 3D VSP are effective,and it is also beneficial for the VTI processing,fracture prediction and pre-stack inversion.Finally,by VSP-driven surface seismic data processing and relatively preserving reservoir amplitude,frequency,phase and wave form while removing the near surface impact,as well as QC, some results were achieved including geologic information of volcanic rock fractured reservoir and fine interpretation of volcanic rock facies belt.
引文
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[16]Sun X E,Ling Y,Gao J,et al.A deconvolution approach using statistical upgoing waves of zero offset VSP[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71~(st) Annual Internat EAGE Mtg,2009,P321
[17]Sun X E,Gao J,Ling Y,et al.Anisotropic parameter estimation based on 3D VSP and full azimuth seismic data[J].Expanded Abstracts of 79~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2009,4105-4109
[18]Alkhalifah T,Tsvankin I.Velocity analysis for transversely isotropic media[J].Geophysics,1995, 60(5):1550-1566
[2]Slotnick M M.On seismic computations with applicatons I[J].Geophysics,1936,1(1):9-22
[3]Slotnick M M.On seismic computations with applicatons II[J].Geophysics,1936,1(3):299-305
[4]Dix C H.Interpretation of well-shot[J].Geophysics, 1939,4(1):24-32
[5]加尔彼林,著.垂直地震剖面[M].朱光明,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1983:1-343
[6]Robert R S.Integrated seismic analysis:Kidney area, Northern Alberta,Canada[J].Geophysics,1989, 54(10):1240-1248
[7]Ronald C D.An integrated surface and borehole seismic case study[J].Geophysics,1993,58(11): 1662-1675
[8]Grazielia K G M,Cheadle S,Lawton D C.Integrating borehole information and surface seismic for anisotropy analysis and depth imaging[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(5):519-523
[9]Grazielia K G M,Lawton D C,Cheadle S.Integrated prestack depth migration of vertical seismic profile and surface seismic data from Rocky Mountain foothills [J].Geophysics,2003,68(6):1782-1791
[10]Cordsen A,Gallbraith M.Narrow-versus wide-azimuth land 3D survey[J].The Leading Edge,2002, 21(8):764-770
[11]Campleu S,Pramik B,Cafarellil B.Comparative raybased illumination analysis[J].Expanded Abstracts of 72~(nd) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2002,41-44
[12]凌云,高军,孙德胜,等.宽/窄方位角勘探实例分析与评价(一)[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3): 305-308
[13]凌云,吴琳,陈波,等.宽/窄方位角勘探实例分析与评价(二)[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(4): 423-427
[14]Keggin J,Rietveld W,Benson M,et al.Multi-azimuth 3D provides robust improvements in Nile Delta seismic imaging[J].Expanded Abstracts of 69~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2007,C010
[15]Vaxelaire D,Kravik K,Bertini F,et al.Wide azimuth 3D4C OBC:a key breakthrough to lead to the development of Hild Field[J].Expanded Abstracts of 69~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2007,C009
[16]Sun X E,Ling Y,Gao J,et al.A deconvolution approach using statistical upgoing waves of zero offset VSP[J].Expanded Abstracts of 71~(st) Annual Internat EAGE Mtg,2009,P321
[17]Sun X E,Gao J,Ling Y,et al.Anisotropic parameter estimation based on 3D VSP and full azimuth seismic data[J].Expanded Abstracts of 79~(th) Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2009,4105-4109
[18]Alkhalifah T,Tsvankin I.Velocity analysis for transversely isotropic media[J].Geophysics,1995, 60(5):1550-1566
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