泥石流流域集水区面积限值与一级水系数目关系
|
摘要
文章利用ArcInfo的水文分析功能,从不同区域的三条典型泥石流沟的数字高程模型中提取出不同限值下的水系,然后研究了不同集水区面积下限导致的流域水系细节层次的变化,发现一级水系的数目和集水区面积下限成近似于反比的关系,而反比关系的比例系数只与流域面积有关。这种关系反映了泥石流流域的水系在空间尺度变换下的某种自相似性,也说明了泥石流流域在相当宽的空间尺度范围内一级子流域的物质活动能力是一定的。
Drainages can show more complex structure at the smaller scale,which is the representation of the corresponding basin's self-similarity.The detailed structures for different debris flow basins reflect their ability to transport material,which suggests that the small-scale structure plays an important role in the debris flow formation.Therefore,the paper focuses on the drainage hierarchical characteristic of debris flow basin,and two basin parameters(first-order stream number and area threshold) are used to examine this characteristic because the two are not affected by stream ordering methods and DEM errors.Three typical debris flow basins with different catchment area(Jiangjia,Longdong and Guxiang Ravine) were studied,which respectively located in three distinct regions.Using hydrological analysis tool in ArcInfo software the stream networks with different catchment area thresholds were extracted from these basins' DEM and one set of first-order subbasin was identified.It is obvious that these subbasins occupy the whole basin's fringe region where mass transportation starts.So this suggests that the subbasins play an important role in the initiation and material supply of debris flows.Another point is that the number of extracted first-order stream decreases rapidly with the area threshold increasing.It is found that the two parameters have close relation N=RAam have close relation,and exponent a equals to-1 and coefficient k only relates to the total basin area,namely for the same basin the product of first-order number with area threshold is constant in a wide scale range.The relationship may show that the ability of debris flow basin to transport material doesn't change in so wide scale range.Further research will be paid more attention to the distinction of exponent a and coefficient k between debris-flow basin and non-debris-flow basin.
Drainages can show more complex structure at the smaller scale,which is the representation of the corresponding basin's self-similarity.The detailed structures for different debris flow basins reflect their ability to transport material,which suggests that the small-scale structure plays an important role in the debris flow formation.Therefore,the paper focuses on the drainage hierarchical characteristic of debris flow basin,and two basin parameters(first-order stream number and area threshold) are used to examine this characteristic because the two are not affected by stream ordering methods and DEM errors.Three typical debris flow basins with different catchment area(Jiangjia,Longdong and Guxiang Ravine) were studied,which respectively located in three distinct regions.Using hydrological analysis tool in ArcInfo software the stream networks with different catchment area thresholds were extracted from these basins' DEM and one set of first-order subbasin was identified.It is obvious that these subbasins occupy the whole basin's fringe region where mass transportation starts.So this suggests that the subbasins play an important role in the initiation and material supply of debris flows.Another point is that the number of extracted first-order stream decreases rapidly with the area threshold increasing.It is found that the two parameters have close relation N=RAam have close relation,and exponent a equals to-1 and coefficient k only relates to the total basin area,namely for the same basin the product of first-order number with area threshold is constant in a wide scale range.The relationship may show that the ability of debris flow basin to transport material doesn't change in so wide scale range.Further research will be paid more attention to the distinction of exponent a and coefficient k between debris-flow basin and non-debris-flow basin.
引文
[1]Horton R E.Erosional D evelopm ent of Stream s and Their D rain-age Basins:Hydrophysical Approach to Quantitative Morphology[J].Geol.Soc.Am.Bu ll.,1945,56:275-370.
[2]Shreve R L.Statistical law of stream number[J].J.Geol.,1966,74:17-37.
[3]Shreve R L.Infin ite topologically random channel networks[J].J.Geol.,1967,75:178-186.
[4]Shreve R L.Stream length and basin areas in topologically ran-dom channel networks[J].J.Geol.,1969,77:397-414.
[5]Mandelbort B B.The Fractal Geom etry of Nature[M].Free-man,San Francisco,1982.
[6]Turcotte D L(美)(著).陈颙,郑捷,季颖(译).分形与混沌[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.97~106.
[7]何隆华,赵宏.水系的分形维数及其含义[J].地理科学,1996,16(2):124~128.
[8]梁虹,卢娟.喀斯特流域水系分形、熵及其地貌意义[J].地理科学,1997,17(4):310~315.
[9]罗文锋,李后强,丁晶,等.Horton定律及分枝网络结构的分形描述[J].水科学进展,1998,9(2):118~123.
[10]金德生,陈浩,郭庆伍.流域物质与水系及产沙间非线性关系实验研究[J].地理学报,2000,55(4):439~448.
[11]姜永清,邵明安,李占斌,等.黄土高原流域水系的Horton级比数和分形特性[J].山地学报,2002,20(2):206~211.
[12]高鹏.流域水系的多标度分形研究及应用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1995,6(2):31~39.
[13]易顺民,陈云志.泥石流的分形特征及其意义[J].地理科学,1997,17(1):24~31.
[14]G reen lee D D.Raster and Vector Processing for Scanned L ine-work[J].Photogramm etric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1987,53(10):1383-1387.
[15]Jenson S K,J O Dom ingue.Extracting Topograph ic Structurefrom D igital E levation Data forGeograph ic Information System A-nalysis[J].Photogramm etric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1988,54(11):1593-1600.
[16]Tarboton D G,R L B ras,I Rodriguez-Iturbe.On the Extrac-tion of Channel Networks from D igital E levation Data[J].Hydrological Processes,1991,5:81-100.
[2]Shreve R L.Statistical law of stream number[J].J.Geol.,1966,74:17-37.
[3]Shreve R L.Infin ite topologically random channel networks[J].J.Geol.,1967,75:178-186.
[4]Shreve R L.Stream length and basin areas in topologically ran-dom channel networks[J].J.Geol.,1969,77:397-414.
[5]Mandelbort B B.The Fractal Geom etry of Nature[M].Free-man,San Francisco,1982.
[6]Turcotte D L(美)(著).陈颙,郑捷,季颖(译).分形与混沌[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.97~106.
[7]何隆华,赵宏.水系的分形维数及其含义[J].地理科学,1996,16(2):124~128.
[8]梁虹,卢娟.喀斯特流域水系分形、熵及其地貌意义[J].地理科学,1997,17(4):310~315.
[9]罗文锋,李后强,丁晶,等.Horton定律及分枝网络结构的分形描述[J].水科学进展,1998,9(2):118~123.
[10]金德生,陈浩,郭庆伍.流域物质与水系及产沙间非线性关系实验研究[J].地理学报,2000,55(4):439~448.
[11]姜永清,邵明安,李占斌,等.黄土高原流域水系的Horton级比数和分形特性[J].山地学报,2002,20(2):206~211.
[12]高鹏.流域水系的多标度分形研究及应用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1995,6(2):31~39.
[13]易顺民,陈云志.泥石流的分形特征及其意义[J].地理科学,1997,17(1):24~31.
[14]G reen lee D D.Raster and Vector Processing for Scanned L ine-work[J].Photogramm etric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1987,53(10):1383-1387.
[15]Jenson S K,J O Dom ingue.Extracting Topograph ic Structurefrom D igital E levation Data forGeograph ic Information System A-nalysis[J].Photogramm etric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1988,54(11):1593-1600.
[16]Tarboton D G,R L B ras,I Rodriguez-Iturbe.On the Extrac-tion of Channel Networks from D igital E levation Data[J].Hydrological Processes,1991,5:81-100.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心