空变时窗约束地震波初至的拾取方法
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摘要
地震资料初至波拾取是静校正处理中基础且繁重的工作,初至波自动拾取的方法研究具有重要的意义.本文介绍一种空变时窗约束地震波初至拾取的方法.该方法对共炮集记录排序,使排序后炮集中前后炮位置最近,根据坐标位置相近的记录初至波形态相似的认识,认为后一炮的初至基本就在以前一炮初至时间为中心的较小时窗内,以此为约束拾取每一炮初至.通过设置时窗大小可以适应不同的地震资料,高信噪比情况下一般设置大时窗,低信噪比情况下一般设置小时窗.实例表明,该方法效果良好,能快速准确地拾取地震波初至,明显提高了初至拾取工作的效率.
First break picking on seismic record is a basic and tough work during the static correction,and the research of first arrival auto picking is significant.This paper presents a method that makes space-varied time window as the constrain condition to detect first arrival.According to this method,a sorting in common-shot-gather is required to make sure that the front shot and the back shot of every pair of shots in sequence are the nearest in geography position.Because of the similarity of first break between the front shot and the back one,the first break of the back shot is mainly located in the time window of which the first break of the front one is the center.And this constrained time window is employed to pick first arrival.The time window width should be wide in high SNR condition while narrow in poor SNR condition.The results show that this method can pick up first break quickly and accurately.
First break picking on seismic record is a basic and tough work during the static correction,and the research of first arrival auto picking is significant.This paper presents a method that makes space-varied time window as the constrain condition to detect first arrival.According to this method,a sorting in common-shot-gather is required to make sure that the front shot and the back shot of every pair of shots in sequence are the nearest in geography position.Because of the similarity of first break between the front shot and the back one,the first break of the back shot is mainly located in the time window of which the first break of the front one is the center.And this constrained time window is employed to pick first arrival.The time window width should be wide in high SNR condition while narrow in poor SNR condition.The results show that this method can pick up first break quickly and accurately.
引文
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[2]庄东海,许云,乌达巴拉.地震道时窗属性特征检测初至时间的研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(4):45-48. Zhuang D H,Xu Y,Wu D B L.Picking up seismic arrival by seismic attributes within time windows[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute(in Chinese),1999,21(4):45- 48.
[3]罗俊松,唐文榜,王达远.一种“静校不静”现象的分析[J].物探与化探,2005,29(4):359. Luo J S,Tang W B,W D Y.An analysis of the "non-static statics" phenomenom[J],Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2005,29(4):359.
[4]于晶,刘振宽,吴永刚,等.利用初至波走时速度成像进行近地表静校正的方法[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(S1):153- 159. Yu J,Liu Z K,Wu Y G,et al.Near-surface static correction method using first-arrival travel times velocity tomography [J],Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1995,38(S1):153-159.
[5]韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):475-483. Han X L,Yang C C,Ma S H,etal.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(2):475-483.
[6]刘连生.约束初至拾取与初至波剩余静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(5):604-609. Liu L S.Constrained first-arrival pickup and first-break residual static correction[J].Oil Geophysica]Prospecting(in Chinese),1998,33(5):604-609.
[7]叶根喜,姜福兴,杨淑华.时窗能量特征法拾取微地震波初始到时的可行性研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1574- 1581. Ye G X,Jiang F X,Yang S H.Possibility of automatically picking first arrival of microseismic wave by energy eigenvalue method[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5): 1574-1581.
[8]左国平,王彦春,隋荣亮.利用能量比法拾取地震初至的一种改进方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):345. Zuo G P,Wang Y C,Sui R L.An improved method for first arrival pickup using energy ratio[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrole(in Chinese),2004,43(4):345.
[9]张伟,王海,李洪臣,等.用变换时窗统计能量比法拾取地震初至波[J].物探与化探,2009,33(2):178-180. Zhang W,Wang H,Li H C,et al.The application of statistic energy ratio of transform time windows to the pickup of seismic first arrival wave[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2009,33(2):178-180.
[10]Boschetti F,Denitith D M,List D R.A fractal-based algorithm for detecting first arrivals on seismic traces[J]. Geophysics,1996,61(4):1095-1102.
[11]常旭,刘伊克.Hausdorff分数维识别地震道初至走时[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(6):826-827. Chang X,Liu Y K.Distinguishing seismic first break by means of hausdorff fractal dimension[J].Chinese J.Geopys. (Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1998,41(6):826- 827.
[12]常旭,刘伊克.地震记录的广义分维及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):839-845. Chang X,Liu Y K.The generalized fractal dimension of seismic records and its applications[J].Chinese J.Geopys. (in Chinese),2002,45(6):839-845.
[13]曹茂森,任青文,万林梅,等.Length分形维算法拾取地震波初至[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):509-514. Cao M S,Ren Q W,Wan L M,et al.Length fractal dimension method for picking seismic first break[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2004,39(5):509-514.
[14]李辉,戴旭初,葛洪魁,等.基于互信息量的地震信号检测和初至提取方法[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1190- 1197. Li H,Dai X,Ge H K,et al.Seismic signal detection and first arrival pickup based on mutual information[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1190-1197.
[15]刘代志,王仁明,李夕海,等.基于小波包分解及AR模型的单通道地震波信号初至点检测[J].地球物理学报,2005,48 (5):1098-1102. Liu D Z,Wang R M,Li X H,et al.Onset point identification of single-channel seismic signal based on wavelet packet and the AR model[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1098-1102.
[16]裴正林,余钦范.基于小波变换和BP神经网络的地震波初至拾取方法[J].勘察科学技术,1999,(4):61-64. Pel Z L,Yu Q F.A wavelet transform and BP neural network-based algorithm for detecting first arrivals on seismic waves[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology(in Chinese),1999,(4):61-64.
[17]李双成,郑度.人工神经网络模型在地学研究中的应用进展[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(1):68-76. Li S C,Zheng D.Applications of artificial neural networks to geosciences:review and prospect[J].Advance in Earth Sciences(in Chinese),2003,18(1):68-76.
[18]詹毅,钟本善.利用小波变换提高地震波初至拾取的精确度[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(6):703-707. Zhan Y,Zhong B S.Improved accuracy of picking first arrival with wavelet transform in seismic survey[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition)(in Chinese),2004,31(6):703-707.
[19]张军华,赵勇,赵爱国,等.用小波变换与能量比方法联合拾取初至波[J].物探化探计算技术,2002,24(4):309-336. Zhang J H,Zhao Y,Zhao AG,et al.Seismic first break pickup using wavelet transform and power ratio method[J]. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2002,24(4):309-336.
[20]李辉峰,邹强,金文昱.基于边缘检测的初至波自动拾取方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):150-155. Li H F,Zou,Q,Jin W Y.Method of automatic first breaks pick-up based on edge detection[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2006,41(2):150-155.
[21]刘志成.初至智能拾取技术[J].石油物探,2007,46(5): 521-530. Liu Z C.First break intelligent picking technique[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007, 46(5):521-530.
[22]皮金云,王彦春,张静.用共偏移距初至曲线联动共炮点道集拾取地震波初至[J].物探与化探,2007,31(2):164- 166. Pi J Y,Wang Y C,Zhang J.The application of the common offset first arrival curve combined with common-sourcelocation basis to picking first arrivals of seismic wave[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese). 2007,31(2):164-166.
[23]高磊.地震初至波自动拾取和折射波表层调查方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008. Gao L.The Auto Picking of First Break Time and the Research of Near-surface Modeling Methods(in Chinese) [D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2008.
[24]潘树林,高磊,尹成,等.苏里格地区转换波初至识别方法研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(3): 25-29. Pan S L,Gao L,Yin C,et al.The method study on identifying P-SV first arrival in Sulige[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition)(in Chinese),2010,32(3):25-29.
[25]唐杰,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.小当量激发的远距离信号检测研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1810-1818. Tang J,Wang B S,et al.Study on weak signal detection of small shot in regional scale deep exploration[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1810-1818.
[26]王彦春,余钦范,段云卿.三维折射波静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(1):13-19. Wang Y C,Yu Q F,Duan Y Q.3-D static correction using refraction wave[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2000,35(1):13-19.
[2]庄东海,许云,乌达巴拉.地震道时窗属性特征检测初至时间的研究[J].江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(4):45-48. Zhuang D H,Xu Y,Wu D B L.Picking up seismic arrival by seismic attributes within time windows[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute(in Chinese),1999,21(4):45- 48.
[3]罗俊松,唐文榜,王达远.一种“静校不静”现象的分析[J].物探与化探,2005,29(4):359. Luo J S,Tang W B,W D Y.An analysis of the "non-static statics" phenomenom[J],Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2005,29(4):359.
[4]于晶,刘振宽,吴永刚,等.利用初至波走时速度成像进行近地表静校正的方法[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(S1):153- 159. Yu J,Liu Z K,Wu Y G,et al.Near-surface static correction method using first-arrival travel times velocity tomography [J],Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1995,38(S1):153-159.
[5]韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):475-483. Han X L,Yang C C,Ma S H,etal.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(2):475-483.
[6]刘连生.约束初至拾取与初至波剩余静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(5):604-609. Liu L S.Constrained first-arrival pickup and first-break residual static correction[J].Oil Geophysica]Prospecting(in Chinese),1998,33(5):604-609.
[7]叶根喜,姜福兴,杨淑华.时窗能量特征法拾取微地震波初始到时的可行性研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1574- 1581. Ye G X,Jiang F X,Yang S H.Possibility of automatically picking first arrival of microseismic wave by energy eigenvalue method[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5): 1574-1581.
[8]左国平,王彦春,隋荣亮.利用能量比法拾取地震初至的一种改进方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):345. Zuo G P,Wang Y C,Sui R L.An improved method for first arrival pickup using energy ratio[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrole(in Chinese),2004,43(4):345.
[9]张伟,王海,李洪臣,等.用变换时窗统计能量比法拾取地震初至波[J].物探与化探,2009,33(2):178-180. Zhang W,Wang H,Li H C,et al.The application of statistic energy ratio of transform time windows to the pickup of seismic first arrival wave[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2009,33(2):178-180.
[10]Boschetti F,Denitith D M,List D R.A fractal-based algorithm for detecting first arrivals on seismic traces[J]. Geophysics,1996,61(4):1095-1102.
[11]常旭,刘伊克.Hausdorff分数维识别地震道初至走时[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(6):826-827. Chang X,Liu Y K.Distinguishing seismic first break by means of hausdorff fractal dimension[J].Chinese J.Geopys. (Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1998,41(6):826- 827.
[12]常旭,刘伊克.地震记录的广义分维及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):839-845. Chang X,Liu Y K.The generalized fractal dimension of seismic records and its applications[J].Chinese J.Geopys. (in Chinese),2002,45(6):839-845.
[13]曹茂森,任青文,万林梅,等.Length分形维算法拾取地震波初至[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):509-514. Cao M S,Ren Q W,Wan L M,et al.Length fractal dimension method for picking seismic first break[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2004,39(5):509-514.
[14]李辉,戴旭初,葛洪魁,等.基于互信息量的地震信号检测和初至提取方法[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1190- 1197. Li H,Dai X,Ge H K,et al.Seismic signal detection and first arrival pickup based on mutual information[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1190-1197.
[15]刘代志,王仁明,李夕海,等.基于小波包分解及AR模型的单通道地震波信号初至点检测[J].地球物理学报,2005,48 (5):1098-1102. Liu D Z,Wang R M,Li X H,et al.Onset point identification of single-channel seismic signal based on wavelet packet and the AR model[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(5):1098-1102.
[16]裴正林,余钦范.基于小波变换和BP神经网络的地震波初至拾取方法[J].勘察科学技术,1999,(4):61-64. Pel Z L,Yu Q F.A wavelet transform and BP neural network-based algorithm for detecting first arrivals on seismic waves[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology(in Chinese),1999,(4):61-64.
[17]李双成,郑度.人工神经网络模型在地学研究中的应用进展[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(1):68-76. Li S C,Zheng D.Applications of artificial neural networks to geosciences:review and prospect[J].Advance in Earth Sciences(in Chinese),2003,18(1):68-76.
[18]詹毅,钟本善.利用小波变换提高地震波初至拾取的精确度[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(6):703-707. Zhan Y,Zhong B S.Improved accuracy of picking first arrival with wavelet transform in seismic survey[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition)(in Chinese),2004,31(6):703-707.
[19]张军华,赵勇,赵爱国,等.用小波变换与能量比方法联合拾取初至波[J].物探化探计算技术,2002,24(4):309-336. Zhang J H,Zhao Y,Zhao AG,et al.Seismic first break pickup using wavelet transform and power ratio method[J]. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2002,24(4):309-336.
[20]李辉峰,邹强,金文昱.基于边缘检测的初至波自动拾取方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):150-155. Li H F,Zou,Q,Jin W Y.Method of automatic first breaks pick-up based on edge detection[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2006,41(2):150-155.
[21]刘志成.初至智能拾取技术[J].石油物探,2007,46(5): 521-530. Liu Z C.First break intelligent picking technique[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007, 46(5):521-530.
[22]皮金云,王彦春,张静.用共偏移距初至曲线联动共炮点道集拾取地震波初至[J].物探与化探,2007,31(2):164- 166. Pi J Y,Wang Y C,Zhang J.The application of the common offset first arrival curve combined with common-sourcelocation basis to picking first arrivals of seismic wave[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese). 2007,31(2):164-166.
[23]高磊.地震初至波自动拾取和折射波表层调查方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008. Gao L.The Auto Picking of First Break Time and the Research of Near-surface Modeling Methods(in Chinese) [D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2008.
[24]潘树林,高磊,尹成,等.苏里格地区转换波初至识别方法研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(3): 25-29. Pan S L,Gao L,Yin C,et al.The method study on identifying P-SV first arrival in Sulige[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition)(in Chinese),2010,32(3):25-29.
[25]唐杰,王宝善,葛洪魁,等.小当量激发的远距离信号检测研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1810-1818. Tang J,Wang B S,et al.Study on weak signal detection of small shot in regional scale deep exploration[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1810-1818.
[26]王彦春,余钦范,段云卿.三维折射波静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(1):13-19. Wang Y C,Yu Q F,Duan Y Q.3-D static correction using refraction wave[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2000,35(1):13-19.
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