深大型露天煤矿闭坑前后滑坡及地表变形地质灾害分析与防治
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摘要
分析研究深大型露天煤矿闭坑前后可能发生滑坡、地表变形等地质灾害。以抚顺西露天矿为例,引发灾变的地质背景条件为北帮西区的倾倒滑移体、北帮东区的沉陷滑移体及南帮的顺层层状结构体,而诱发灾害的主导因素为露天采矿特征、采矿形成的最终边坡、井采与露采的复合作用及闭坑后疏干排水停止、水文地质条件的改变对边坡岩体的作用。计算结果表明闭坑最终边坡稳定性将逐渐下降并引发灾变,从而危害城市与企业安全,提出创新露天采矿学科理论、工程技术防治措施、法规制定与监督管理等3条防治对策建议。
Before and after ending of deep open-pit coal mine,geological disasters such as slope sliding and surface deformation probably occur.Taking Fushun Western Open-pit Coal Mine as an example,the geological background conditions of the disasters are the inclined slippage body of the western section of the northern slope,subsidence slippage body of the eastern section of northern slope,and the sandwich body of southern slope,while the key factors inducing disasters are the mining features of open-pit coal mining,final slope formed,the compound effects formed by underground mining and open-pit mining and no-water-drainage due to the ending of the mining,and the effects of the change of hydrological geology on slope rock mass.Calculation shows that the stability of the slope will decrease gradually and cause disaster to endanger the safety of the city and enterprises.Three suggestions including setting up the theory of open-pit coal mining,engineering technology preventive measure,and statute regulation and supervision management are put forward.
Before and after ending of deep open-pit coal mine,geological disasters such as slope sliding and surface deformation probably occur.Taking Fushun Western Open-pit Coal Mine as an example,the geological background conditions of the disasters are the inclined slippage body of the western section of the northern slope,subsidence slippage body of the eastern section of northern slope,and the sandwich body of southern slope,while the key factors inducing disasters are the mining features of open-pit coal mining,final slope formed,the compound effects formed by underground mining and open-pit mining and no-water-drainage due to the ending of the mining,and the effects of the change of hydrological geology on slope rock mass.Calculation shows that the stability of the slope will decrease gradually and cause disaster to endanger the safety of the city and enterprises.Three suggestions including setting up the theory of open-pit coal mining,engineering technology preventive measure,and statute regulation and supervision management are put forward.
引文
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[8]王建国.抚顺矿区资源枯竭城市灾害类型与成因机制[A].见:朱旺喜,王来贵,王建国,等编.资源枯竭城市灾害形成机制与控制战略研讨[C].北京:地质出版社,2003.11-17.(Wang Jianguo.Resources exhausted city disaster types and forming mechanism of Fushun Mining Area[A].In:Zhu Wangxi,Wang Laigui,Wang Jianguo,et al ed.Study on Calamity Form Mechanism and Control Strategy Resources Exhausted City[C].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2003.11-17.(in Chinese))
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[10]王来贵,刘向峰,吕明海,等.资源枯竭城市衍生灾害中的环境岩石力学问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15):2 715-2 717.(Wang Laigui,Liu Xiangfeng,Lu Minghai,et al.Problems of environmental rock mechanics in derived calamities of resources exhaustion cities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(15):2 715-2 717.(in Chinese))
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