层状岩体断裂破坏特殊现象及机制分析
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摘要
对某水电站左岸边坡层状泥岩进行了强度试验研究,同时对裂纹垂直于层面及平行于层面这两种基本情形也进行了断裂试验研究。由于此层状岩体在强度方面表现出明显的正交各向异性,导致其在裂纹扩展方面表现出明显的特殊性,如I型及I-II复合型裂纹的剪切起裂扩展,锯齿状的裂纹扩展路径等等。此外,通过断裂力学及有限元方法对破坏机制进行了论证分析。由计算所得的KI和KII数值解,得到了裂纹垂直于层面时此泥板岩的临界断裂曲线。通过试验及理论探讨,为裂纹与层面斜交这一工程普遍情形的分析提供了基础,所得相关结论及临界断裂曲线也可为层状岩体边坡工程的结构面相关参数取值提供依据。
The strength experimental investigations on layered mud rock mass have been conducted.For the two basic situations where the crack is vertical to layered rock mass and parallel to layers,the experimental studies on crack fracture initiation in the layered rock mass have been carried out.Due to the obvious orthogonal aeolotropy in strength,the layered rock mass displays obvious particularities in crack fracture initiation,for example,the shear expanding in pure model I and mixed model I–II crack tips,winding propagation routes.In addition,the fracture mechanism has been analyzed using fracture mechanics and finite element method.The critical fracture curve when cracks are vertical to the layered rock mass has also been obtained by using numerical values KI and KII.The experimental research and the theoretical discussion may provide a foundation for the usual situation analysis when cracks are inclined to layered rock mass.The results and the critical fracture curve can provide references to layered rock mass slope projects.
The strength experimental investigations on layered mud rock mass have been conducted.For the two basic situations where the crack is vertical to layered rock mass and parallel to layers,the experimental studies on crack fracture initiation in the layered rock mass have been carried out.Due to the obvious orthogonal aeolotropy in strength,the layered rock mass displays obvious particularities in crack fracture initiation,for example,the shear expanding in pure model I and mixed model I–II crack tips,winding propagation routes.In addition,the fracture mechanism has been analyzed using fracture mechanics and finite element method.The critical fracture curve when cracks are vertical to the layered rock mass has also been obtained by using numerical values KI and KII.The experimental research and the theoretical discussion may provide a foundation for the usual situation analysis when cracks are inclined to layered rock mass.The results and the critical fracture curve can provide references to layered rock mass slope projects.
引文
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[3]王宏图,鲜学福,贺建民.层状复合煤岩的三轴力学特性研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1999(,1):81-88.(Wang Hongtu,Xian Xuefu,He Jianmin.Research of triaxial mechanics speciality of coal rock[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1999,(1):81-88.(in Chinese))
[4]王宏图,鲜学福,贺建民,等.层状复合岩体力学的相似模拟[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1999,(2):81-83.(Wang Hongtu,Xian Xuefu,He Jianmin,et al.Similitude stimulation of layer composite rock mass[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1999,(2):81-83.(in Chinese))
[5]梁正召,唐春安,杨天鸿,等.含弱层岩石破裂前兆规律的数值模拟分析[J].地震,2003,23(3):65-70.(Liang Zhengzhao,Tang Chun′an,Yang Tianhong,et al.Numerical simulation of precursory phenomenon before fracture of rocks containing incompetent layer[J].Earthquake,2003,23(3):65-70.(in Chinese))
[6]常旭,唐春安,张后全,等.层状复合陶瓷增韧机制的数值模拟[J].无机材料学报,2005,20(2):459-464.(Chang Xu,Tang Chun′an,Zhang Houquan,et al.Numerical approach to toughening design of laminated ceramic composites[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials,2005,20(2):459-464.(in Chinese))
[7]Korach C S,Keer L M.Stresses between 3D fractures in infinite and layered elastic solids[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2002,69(17):1 815-1 825.
[8]孙广忠.岩体结构力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.(Sun Guangzhong.Rock Mass Structural Mechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1988.(in Chinese))
[9]贺小华,孙国有,薛纪良.I-II复合型裂纹断裂机制与断裂准则的研究[J].压力容器,1997,14(2):9-13.(He Xiaohua,Sun Guoyou,Xue Jiliang.Study on fracture behaviour of I-II mixed mode crack of a low carbon alloy[J].Pressure Container,1997,14(2):9-13.(in Chinese))
[10]林拜松.滑开型断裂的复合型脆断判据[J].应用数学和力学,1985,11:977-983.(Lin Baisong.The mixed mode brittle fracture criteria in sliding mode fracture[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,1985,11:977-983.(in Chinese))
[11]Zhou Weiyuan,Yan Gongrui.Fractal analysis of fracture damage propagation of rock[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),1997,2(3):65-68.
[12]张宝林,庄汉锐.层状陶瓷复合材料[J].无机材料学报,1997,12(6):769-773.(Zhang Baolin,Zhuang Hanrui.Laminate-structure ceramic composites[J].Journal of Inorganic Materials,1997,12(6):769-773.(in Chinese))
[13]黎立云,黎振兹,孙宗颀.岩石的复合型断裂试验与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1994,13(2):134-140.(Li Liyun,Li Zhezi,Sun Zongqi.Experiment research and theoretical analyses in brittle fracture of cock under mixed-mode loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1994,13(2):134-140.(in Chinese))
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