动荷载作用下岩石非线性弹性响应研究
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摘要
岩石是一种典型的颗粒孔隙介质。在冲击荷载下,即便是在作用荷载比较低的阶段,由于岩石内部自然缺陷的存在,应力波随着传播距离延伸,其幅值有较大的衰减。文中对饱油和饱水的砂岩、大理岩进行SHPB冲击试验,研究结果表明:对于同种岩石试样,饱油岩样的衰减系数比饱水样品的小;对于不同的岩样,孔隙率大的岩样相应的衰减系数大。应力波在饱和介质中的衰减与介质中液体的粘滞系数有关。同时,材料中的孔隙和液体的存在对应力波的弥散特征也有一定的影响。然后基于Preisach-Mayergoyz(P-M)空间模型对冲击荷载比较低的阶段,岩石内部应力波的衰减和弥散问题进行了较详细的分析,得到了一些初步结论。本研究对于石油开采、物探以及岩土工程有一定的意义。
The rock is a kind of particulate porous material.Rocks typically have several cracks and flaws,and for this reason the amplitude of the stress wave attenuates with propagation distance when the rock specimen is loaded under loads that are substantially lower than the yield point.We have conducted a series of experiments on the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB) to reveal the rules of the propagation of stress waves in rocks under impact loading.These loads are also far below the yield point of rocks.Two rock types,marble and red stone,in two kinds of states,water-saturated and oil-saturated,were investigated.Preliminary results show that the propagation of the stress wave is greatly affected by the contained liquid and the porosity of the rocks.The stress wave attenuates more seriously in water-saturated sample than in the oil-saturated one for the same rock.While for different rocks,stress waves attenuate more seriously in the rocks with higher porosity than in those with lower porosity.The attenuation of stress waves in fully saturated samples is evidently affected by the viscous coefficient of the liquid contained in the sample.The dispersion of stress waves caused by the contained liquid and the pore spaces in the sample is also discussed.The Preisach-Mayergoyz(P-M) model was proposed by Preisach and improved by Mayergoyz is employed to describe the elastic behavior of non-linear hysteretic materials.We have carried out some model simulations under the P-M model,considering the above-mentioned experimental results.The simulation shows that it is important to introduce the viscous coefficient of liquid and the frequency into the P-M model in order to simulate the attenuation and the dispersion of stress waves.However,further work is needed to improve the model simulation,which is meaningful for petroleum exploitation,geophysical exploration and geotechnical engineering.
The rock is a kind of particulate porous material.Rocks typically have several cracks and flaws,and for this reason the amplitude of the stress wave attenuates with propagation distance when the rock specimen is loaded under loads that are substantially lower than the yield point.We have conducted a series of experiments on the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB) to reveal the rules of the propagation of stress waves in rocks under impact loading.These loads are also far below the yield point of rocks.Two rock types,marble and red stone,in two kinds of states,water-saturated and oil-saturated,were investigated.Preliminary results show that the propagation of the stress wave is greatly affected by the contained liquid and the porosity of the rocks.The stress wave attenuates more seriously in water-saturated sample than in the oil-saturated one for the same rock.While for different rocks,stress waves attenuate more seriously in the rocks with higher porosity than in those with lower porosity.The attenuation of stress waves in fully saturated samples is evidently affected by the viscous coefficient of the liquid contained in the sample.The dispersion of stress waves caused by the contained liquid and the pore spaces in the sample is also discussed.The Preisach-Mayergoyz(P-M) model was proposed by Preisach and improved by Mayergoyz is employed to describe the elastic behavior of non-linear hysteretic materials.We have carried out some model simulations under the P-M model,considering the above-mentioned experimental results.The simulation shows that it is important to introduce the viscous coefficient of liquid and the frequency into the P-M model in order to simulate the attenuation and the dispersion of stress waves.However,further work is needed to improve the model simulation,which is meaningful for petroleum exploitation,geophysical exploration and geotechnical engineering.
引文
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[4]SCALERANDI M,RUFFINO E,DELSANTO P P.Non-linear techniques for ultrasonic micro-damage diagnostics:asimulation approach[C]//THOMPSON D O,CHIMENTI DE.Review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evalua-tion.1999,19B:1393-1399.
[5]TUTUNCU A N,PODIO A L,GREGORY A R,et al.Nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of sedimentary rock,Part II:Hysteresis effects and influence of type of fluid on elasticmoduli[J].Geophysics,1998,63(1):195-203.
[6]XI Daoying,LIU Bin,LIU Wei,et al.The dependence of re-laxation attenuation of saturation rock on time and tempera-ture[J].Sinica Geophysics Acta,2000,43(6):827-834(inChinese).
[7]XI Daoying,ZHANG Chengyuan,LIU Xiaoyan,et al.Thetime and temperature effect of saturated rock[J].ComputingTechniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2000,22(2):127-131(in Chinese).
[8]YI Liangkun,XI Daoying,LIU Xiaoyan.Relaxation of porousmedium[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanism and Engi-neering,2003,22(5):803-806(in Chinese).
[9]XI Daoying,YI Liangkun,ZHANG Chengyuan.Effect ofphenomenological correction on P-wave for Biot s theory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock mechanism and Engineering,2004,23(18):3162-3167(in Chinese).
[10]XI Daoying,WANG xin,CHEN Yunping.Macroscopic modelof non-linear elastic hysteretic and memory[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006(in Press)(inChinese).
[11]GUAN Jingbo,WANG Jianxiang,SU Yonghong,et al.Ap-plication of a hysteretic meso-mechanical model in rock me-chanics[J].Advances in Mechanics,2004,34(3):349-359(inChinese).
[12]XUE Yanwei.The meso non-linear model studies of rock un-der the P-M model[D].Master dissertation.Hefei,China:University of Science and Technology of China,2005(in Chi-nese).
[13]XUE Yanwei,XI Daoying,XU Songlin.The study of non-classic nonlinear frequency effects in meso scale in rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanism and Engineering,2005,24(Suppl I):5020-5025(in Chinese).
[14]XI Daoying,ZHENG Yonglai,ZHANG Tao.The experi-mental research in dynamic constitutive laws of marble andshale[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1995,15(3):259-266(in Chinese).
[15]XI Daoying,ZHENG Yonglai,ZHANG Tao.The decay ofstress wave in the red stone[J].Acta Seismologic Sinica,1995,17(1):62-67(in Chinese).
[16]Aidun J B.Study of shear and compression waves in shockedcalcium carbonate[D].Washington:Washington State Uni-versity,1989.
[6]席道瑛,刘斌,刘卫,等.饱和多孔岩石弛豫衰减对时间和温度的依赖性[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(6):827-834.
[7]席道瑛,张程远,刘小燕,等.饱和岩石的时温等效关系[J].物探化探计算技术,2000,22(2):127-131.
[8]易良坤,席道瑛,刘小燕.孔隙介质热激活弛豫波动理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(5):803-806.
[9]席道瑛,易良坤,张程远.Biot理论的唯象修正对P波特性的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3162-3167.
[10]席道瑛,王鑫,陈运平.描写岩石非线性滞后和记忆的宏观模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006(待刊).
[11]关晶波,王建祥,苏永红,等.滞后细观模型在岩石力学中的应用[J].力学进展,2004,34(3):349-359.
[12]薛彦伟.基于PM空间模型的岩石细观非线性模型研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2005.
[13]薛彦伟,席道瑛,徐松林.岩石非经典非线性频率效应的细观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊I):5020-5025.
[14]席道瑛,郑永来,张涛.大理岩和砂岩动态本构研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1995,15(3):259-266.
[15]席道瑛,郑永来,张涛.应力波在砂岩中的衰减[J].地震学报,1995,17(1):62-67.
[2]GUYER R A,MCCALL K R,BOITNOTT G N,et al.Quantitative implementation of Preisach-Mayergoyz space tofind static and dynamic elastic moduli in rock[J].J GeophysRes,1997,102(B3):5281-5293.
[3]KOEN E A,van den ABEELE,JOHNSON P A,et al.Non-linear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy(NEWS)techniques to dis-cern material damage,Part I:Nonlinear Wave ModulationSpectroscopy(NWMS)[J].Res Nondestr Eval,2000,12(1):17-30.
[4]SCALERANDI M,RUFFINO E,DELSANTO P P.Non-linear techniques for ultrasonic micro-damage diagnostics:asimulation approach[C]//THOMPSON D O,CHIMENTI DE.Review of progress in quantitative nondestructive evalua-tion.1999,19B:1393-1399.
[5]TUTUNCU A N,PODIO A L,GREGORY A R,et al.Nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of sedimentary rock,Part II:Hysteresis effects and influence of type of fluid on elasticmoduli[J].Geophysics,1998,63(1):195-203.
[6]XI Daoying,LIU Bin,LIU Wei,et al.The dependence of re-laxation attenuation of saturation rock on time and tempera-ture[J].Sinica Geophysics Acta,2000,43(6):827-834(inChinese).
[7]XI Daoying,ZHANG Chengyuan,LIU Xiaoyan,et al.Thetime and temperature effect of saturated rock[J].ComputingTechniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2000,22(2):127-131(in Chinese).
[8]YI Liangkun,XI Daoying,LIU Xiaoyan.Relaxation of porousmedium[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanism and Engi-neering,2003,22(5):803-806(in Chinese).
[9]XI Daoying,YI Liangkun,ZHANG Chengyuan.Effect ofphenomenological correction on P-wave for Biot s theory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock mechanism and Engineering,2004,23(18):3162-3167(in Chinese).
[10]XI Daoying,WANG xin,CHEN Yunping.Macroscopic modelof non-linear elastic hysteretic and memory[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006(in Press)(inChinese).
[11]GUAN Jingbo,WANG Jianxiang,SU Yonghong,et al.Ap-plication of a hysteretic meso-mechanical model in rock me-chanics[J].Advances in Mechanics,2004,34(3):349-359(inChinese).
[12]XUE Yanwei.The meso non-linear model studies of rock un-der the P-M model[D].Master dissertation.Hefei,China:University of Science and Technology of China,2005(in Chi-nese).
[13]XUE Yanwei,XI Daoying,XU Songlin.The study of non-classic nonlinear frequency effects in meso scale in rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanism and Engineering,2005,24(Suppl I):5020-5025(in Chinese).
[14]XI Daoying,ZHENG Yonglai,ZHANG Tao.The experi-mental research in dynamic constitutive laws of marble andshale[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1995,15(3):259-266(in Chinese).
[15]XI Daoying,ZHENG Yonglai,ZHANG Tao.The decay ofstress wave in the red stone[J].Acta Seismologic Sinica,1995,17(1):62-67(in Chinese).
[16]Aidun J B.Study of shear and compression waves in shockedcalcium carbonate[D].Washington:Washington State Uni-versity,1989.
[6]席道瑛,刘斌,刘卫,等.饱和多孔岩石弛豫衰减对时间和温度的依赖性[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(6):827-834.
[7]席道瑛,张程远,刘小燕,等.饱和岩石的时温等效关系[J].物探化探计算技术,2000,22(2):127-131.
[8]易良坤,席道瑛,刘小燕.孔隙介质热激活弛豫波动理论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(5):803-806.
[9]席道瑛,易良坤,张程远.Biot理论的唯象修正对P波特性的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3162-3167.
[10]席道瑛,王鑫,陈运平.描写岩石非线性滞后和记忆的宏观模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006(待刊).
[11]关晶波,王建祥,苏永红,等.滞后细观模型在岩石力学中的应用[J].力学进展,2004,34(3):349-359.
[12]薛彦伟.基于PM空间模型的岩石细观非线性模型研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2005.
[13]薛彦伟,席道瑛,徐松林.岩石非经典非线性频率效应的细观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊I):5020-5025.
[14]席道瑛,郑永来,张涛.大理岩和砂岩动态本构研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1995,15(3):259-266.
[15]席道瑛,郑永来,张涛.应力波在砂岩中的衰减[J].地震学报,1995,17(1):62-67.
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